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Ubhenin AE, Adefolalu AA, Oriakhi K, Adamude FA, Dingwoke EJ, Ikebuiro JO, Chiwendu BC, Muhammad ML, Omage K. Caesalpinia pulcherrima lowered serum carcinoembryonic antigen and antigen 125 in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[ a]anthracene-induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female Albino Rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23401. [PMID: 38187255 PMCID: PMC10770447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study is aimed at evaluating the anticancer effect of the aqueous extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw in 7,12-Dimethlbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) - induced mammary cancer. Methods Tumors were induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of DMBA (dissolved in olive oil) at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight to the test rats and allowed to develop for about four months. They were treated with cyclophosphamide and an aqueous extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima at doses of 10 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 28 days. Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytochrome p450 oxidase (cytp450) activity, as well as other diagnostic enzymes, were estimated. Results The result revealed that DMBA is associated with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the serum levels of CA125, CEA, COX-2, cytp450, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the rats, thus suggesting tumor-promoting and hepatotoxic effects of DMBA. There was also a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of serum levels of these cancer and liver biomarker enzymes in the groups treated with cyclophosphamide and Caesalpinia pulcherrima compared to the untreated group, thus suggesting anticancer activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The anticancer effect of Caesalpinia pulcherrima was further confirmed by the disappearance of infiltrative fibrous cells and the absence of inflammatory cells from the photomicrographs of the rats treated with Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Conclusion Our findings show that Caesalpinia pulcherrima possesses anticancer activity, and could protect against mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ehinomhen Ubhenin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Adedotun A. Adefolalu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Kelly Oriakhi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Adis Adamude
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Emeka John Dingwoke
- Department of Tropical Diseases, UNESCO-International Center for Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Onyeka Ikebuiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Comfort Chiwendu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Mabruqah Liman Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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Silva J, Faustino-Rocha AI, Duarte JA, Oliveira PA. Realistic aspects behind the application of the rat model of chemically-induced mammary cancer: Practical guidelines to obtain the best results. Vet World 2023; 16:1222-1230. [PMID: 37577198 PMCID: PMC10421542 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1222-1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Despite the great contribution of in-vitro studies for biomedical research, animals are essential to study diseases' biopathology and diagnosis, and searching for new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Breast cancer is currently the most common cancer globally, accounting for 12.5% of all new annual cancer cases worldwide. Although the rat model of mammary cancer chemically-induced is widely used to study this disease, there is a lack of standardization in procedures for cancer induction, sample collection, and analysis. Therefore, it is important to provide a practical guide for researchers aiming to work with this model to make the analysis of results more uniform. Thus, in this review, we provide the researchers with a detailed step-by-step guide to implement a rat model of mammary cancer, based on our wide experience in this field, to obtain the best results, maximum throughput of each experiment, and easy comparison among researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Singh P, Alka, Maurya P, Nisha R, Singh N, Parashar P, Mishra N, Pal RR, Saraf SA. QbD Assisted Development of Lipidic Nanocapsules for Antiestrogenic Activity of Exemestane in Breast Cancer. J Liposome Res 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35930249 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Some breast cancers are caused by hormonal imbalances, such as estrogen and progesterone.These hormones play a function in directing the growth of cancer cells. The hormone receptors in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer lead breast cells to proliferate out of control. Cancer therapy such as hormonal, targeted, radiation is still unsatisfactory because of these challenges viz. MDR (Multiple drug resistance), off-targeting, severe adverse effects. A novel aromatase inhibitor exemestane (Exe) exhibits promising therapy in breast cancer. This study aims to develop and optimize Exe-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) by using DSPC, PF68 and olive oil as lipid, surfactant and oil phase, respectively and to characterize the same. The prepared nanocapsules were investigated via in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo animal models. The LNCs exhibited cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell lines and enhanced anti-cancer activity and reduced cardiotoxicity in DMBA-induced animal model when compared to the drug. Additionally, in-vivo pharmacokinetics revealed a 4.2-fold increased oral bioavailability when compared with Exe suspension. This study demonstrated that oral administration of Exe-loaded LNCs holds promise for the antiestrogenic activity of exemestane in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Alka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Poonam Parashar
- Amity institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
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Fidianingsih I, Aryandono T, Widyarini S, Herwiyanti S. Profile of Histopathological Type and Molecular Subtypes of Mammary Cancer of DMBA-induced Rat and its Relevancy to Human Breast Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Animal models with mammary cancer that closely mimic human breast cancer for treatment development purposes are still required. Induction of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) to rats shows the histopathological features and mammary cancer characterization similar to humans. Examinations of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67 expressions are crucial in deciding the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
AIM: This research aimed to view histopathology images of mammary glands and expressions of ER, PR, Ki67, and HER2 of DMBA-induced rats.
METHODS: After 1-week adaptation, 11 5-weeks-old female rats were induced with 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) of DMBA 2 times a week for 5 weeks. On week 29, nodules taken from the mammary gland were examined for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with p63, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 antibodies. The grading score used the Nottingham Grading System and molecular classifications based on St. Gallen 2013.
RESULTS: Six rats had nodules, but the histopathologic features of one nodule showed normal mammary gland without cancer. The histopathological type of mammary cancer was cribriform carcinoma, comedo carcinoma, lipid-rich carcinoma, adenocarcinoma squamous, and adenomyepithelioma. Histopathological grading showed 60% of grade 3 and 40% of grade 2. P63 expression showed 60% positive and 40% negative. The frequency of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 of five nodules showed positivity: 40%, 60%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. Molecular subtypes of Luminal A, B, HER2, and triple-negative were 0%, 60%, 20%, and 20%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Histopathological features and molecular subtype of mammary cancer on rats induced with 20 mg/kg BW of DMBA showed similarity to human breast cancer.
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Alamsyah F, Pratiwi R, Firdausi N, Irene Mesak Pello J, Evi Dwi Nugraheni S, Ghitha Fadhlurrahman A, Nurhidayat L, Purwo Taruno W. Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields. F1000Res 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 34164110 PMCID: PMC8142601 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27952.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of death in women with cancer. One novel therapy used for breast cancer treatment is non-contact electric fields called electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) with intermediate frequency (100 kHz) and low intensity (18 Vpp). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ECCT on mammary tumors growth in rats and observing the immune responses that play a role in fighting the tumor. Methods: Female SD rats were used and divided into four groups, namely control (NINT), placebo (NIT), non- therapy (INT), and therapy (IT) groups with 6 biological replicates in each group. Rats in INT and IT groups were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumor induction. Only rats in NIT and IT groups were exposed to ECCT individually for 10 hours per day for 21 days. The size of all tumors was measured with a digital caliper. The distributions of PCNA, ErbB2, caspase-3, CD68, CD4 and CD8-positive cells were observed with immunohistochemistry and scoring with ImageJ. Results: The growth rate of mammary tumors in IT group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in the INT group. The number of mitotic figures and the percentage of PCNA, caspase-3, and CD68- positive cells in IT group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in INT group. Conversely, the percentage of CD8-positive T cells in IT group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in INT group. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in IT group was decreased. Some tumor tissues were blackened and detached from the surrounding tissue, resulting in an open wound which then healed up upon exposure. Conclusions: Non-contact electric fields exposure showed inhibition on mammary tumor growth in rats while inducing CD8+ T cells that lead to tumor cells death and potentially helps wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
| | - Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Firdausi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
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Alamsyah F, Pratiwi R, Firdausi N, Irene Mesak Pello J, Evi Dwi Nugraheni S, Ghitha Fadhlurrahman A, Nurhidayat L, Purwo Taruno W. Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields. F1000Res 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 34164110 PMCID: PMC8142601 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27952.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of death amongst women with cancer. One novel therapy used for breast cancer treatment constitutes non-contact electric fields and is called electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) with intermediate frequency and low intensity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ECCT on mammary tumors growth in rats and observing the immune responses that play a role in fighting the tumor. Methods: Female SD rats were used and divided into four groups, namely control (NINT), placebo (NIT), non- therapy (INT), and therapy (IT) groups with 6 biological replicates in each group. Rats in INT and IT groups were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumor induction. Only rats in NIT and IT groups were exposed to ECCT individually for 10 hours per day for 21 days. The size of all tumors was measured with a digital caliper. The distributions of PCNA, ErbB2, caspase-3, CD68, CD4, and CD8-positive cells were observed with immunohistochemistry and scoring with ImageJ. Results: The growth rate of mammary tumors in IT group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in INT group. The number of mitotic figures and the percentage of PCNA, caspase-3, and CD68-positive cells in IT group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in INT group. Conversely, the percentage of CD8-positive T cells in IT group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in INT group. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in IT group was found to have decreased. Some tumor tissues were blackened and detached from the surrounding tissue, resulting in an open wound which then healed upon exposure. Conclusions: Non-contact electric fields exposure showed inhibition on mammary tumor growth in rats while inducing CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor cell death and potentially helping wounds heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
| | - Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Firdausi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia
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Pratiwi R, Antara NY, Fadliansyah LG, Ardiansyah SA, Nurhidayat L, Sholikhah EN, Sunarti S, Widyarini S, Fadhlurrahman AG, Fatmasari H, Tunjung WAS, Haryana SM, Alamsyah F, Taruno WP. CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo. F1000Res 2019; 8:1770. [PMID: 32695310 PMCID: PMC7348523 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20727.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Noncontact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel treatment modality in cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has a major role in the outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer. Interleukin 18 (IL18) plays a role in macrophage alteration, which leads to excessive angiogenesis. This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression with the anti-proliferative effect of ECCT in rat breast tumor tissue. Methods: Low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (150 kHz) alternating current-electric field (AC-EF) between two capacitive electrodes were exposed as external EF to a rat cage. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups of six replicates. Breast tumor tissues were collected from 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats. Two groups were non DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (NINT) and with (NIT). The other two groups were DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (INT) and with (IT). Mammary glands and breast tumor tissues were collected from each group and preserved. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on paraffin sections of tissues using anti-PCNA, anti-ErbB2, anti-Caspase3, and anti-CD68. CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α mRNA relative expressions were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: ECCT exposure may cause the reduction of PCNA protein expression as well as ErbB2 on breast tumor tissues, but it causes the increase of Caspase3 and macrophage CD68 protein. In rat breast tumor tissues of IT groups, the mRNA expression of CCL2 and IL18 are significantly down-regulated, in contrast with the up-regulated expression of these cytokines in tumor tissues of the INT group. IL23α and TNF- α expression remained similar in both groups. Conclusion: CCL2 and IL18 expressions have an association with the inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation affected by ECCT exposure
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Affiliation(s)
- Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Yudi Antara
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sunarti Sunarti
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sitarina Widyarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Hindana Fatmasari
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Sofia Mubarika Haryana
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, 15320, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, 15320, Indonesia
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