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Viotti C, Albrecht K, Amaducci S, Bardos P, Bertheau C, Blaudez D, Bothe L, Cazaux D, Ferrarini A, Govilas J, Gusovius HJ, Jeannin T, Lühr C, Müssig J, Pilla M, Placet V, Puschenreiter M, Tognacchini A, Yung L, Chalot M. Nettle, a Long-Known Fiber Plant with New Perspectives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124288. [PMID: 35744347 PMCID: PMC9230748 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The stinging nettle Urticadioica L. is a perennial crop with low fertilizer and pesticide requirements, well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. It has been successfully grown in most European climatic zones while also promoting local flora and fauna diversity. The cultivation of nettle could help meet the strong increase in demand for raw materials based on plant fibers as a substitute for artificial fibers in sectors as diverse as the textile and automotive industries. In the present review, we present a historical perspective of selection, harvest, and fiber processing features where the state of the art of nettle varietal selection is detailed. A synthesis of the general knowledge about its biology, adaptability, and genetics constituents, highlighting gaps in our current knowledge on interactions with other organisms, is provided. We further addressed cultivation and processing features, putting a special emphasis on harvesting systems and fiber extraction processes to improve fiber yield and quality. Various uses in industrial processes and notably for the restoration of marginal lands and avenues of future research on this high-value multi-use plant for the global fiber market are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Viotti
- UMR Chrono-Environnement, CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (C.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Katharina Albrecht
- The Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB—City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany; (K.A.); (L.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (S.A.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Paul Bardos
- r3 Environmental Technology Ltd., Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, UK;
| | - Coralie Bertheau
- UMR Chrono-Environnement, CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (C.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Damien Blaudez
- LIEC, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (D.B.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lea Bothe
- The Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB—City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany; (K.A.); (L.B.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Andrea Ferrarini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (S.A.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Jason Govilas
- Department of Applied Mechanics, FEMTO-ST Institute, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (J.G.); (T.J.); (V.P.)
| | - Hans-Jörg Gusovius
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (H.-J.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Thomas Jeannin
- Department of Applied Mechanics, FEMTO-ST Institute, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (J.G.); (T.J.); (V.P.)
| | - Carsten Lühr
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (H.-J.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Jörg Müssig
- The Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB—City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany; (K.A.); (L.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Marcello Pilla
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (S.A.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Vincent Placet
- Department of Applied Mechanics, FEMTO-ST Institute, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (J.G.); (T.J.); (V.P.)
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tognacchini
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Loïc Yung
- LIEC, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (D.B.); (L.Y.)
| | - Michel Chalot
- UMR Chrono-Environnement, CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (C.V.); (C.B.)
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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Canty R, Ruzzier E, Cronk Q, Percy D. Salix transect of Europe: records of willow-associated weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Greece to Arctic Norway, with insights from DNA barcoding. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e52881. [PMID: 32549748 PMCID: PMC7286951 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e52881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curculionid beetles associated with willow (Salix spp.) were surveyed at 42 sites across Europe, from Greece (lat. 38.8 °N) to arctic Norway (lat. 69.7 °N). DNA sequence data provide additional verification of identifications and geographic clustering. New information In all, 73 curculionid species were collected from willows, of which seven were particularly abundant. The most widespread species were: Acalyptuscarpini Fabricius, 1793 at 15 sites; Tachyergesstigma Germar, 1821 at 13 sites; Phyllobiusoblongus (Linnaeus, 1758) at 11 sites; Phyllobiusmaculicornis Germar, 1824 at 10 sites; and Archariussalicivorus (Paykull, 1792), Melanapionminimum (Herbst, 1797), and Phyllobiuscf.pyri (Linnaeus, 1758) all at nine sites. The mean number of curculionid species collected on willow at each site was 5.5 (range 0-14). Compared to chrysomelids, curculionids were richer in species but the species had relatively low average abundance. Widespread curculionid species appear to have scattered and patchy observed distributions with limited geographical structuring in our data. However, deeper sampling (e.g. over multiple seasons and years), would give a better indication of distribution, and may increase apparent geographical structuring. There is some site-to-site variation in colour in a few taxa, but little notable size variation. DNA barcoding, performed on some of the more common species, provides clear species clusters and definitive separation of the taxonomically more challenging species, as well as some interesting geographic insights. Our northernmost sample of Phyllobiusoblongus is unique in clustering with Canadian samples of this species. On the other hand, our samples of Acalyptuscarpini cluster with European samples and are distinct from a separate Canadian cluster of this species. We provide the first available DNA sequences for Phyllobiusthalassinus Gyllenhal, 1834 (Hungary).
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Percy D, Cronk Q. Salix transect of Europe: patterns in the distribution of willow-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Greece to arctic Norway. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e53788. [PMID: 32508511 PMCID: PMC7248129 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e53788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psyllids are oligophagous phytophagous insects with many specialist willow (Salix spp.) feeding species in two genera (Cacopsylla and Bactericera). We examine the patterns of distribution and co-occurrence of willow-feeding species at 42 willow sites across Europe forming a transect from Greece (lat. 38.8 °N) to arctic Norway (lat. 70.6 °N). The transect and sites have been described in previous papers. New information A total of 1245 individual psyllids were examined from 23 species of willow over the transect, representing 17 willow-feeding species (11 Cacopsylla and 6 Bactericera). Numerous species were very widely distributed, with two species, Bactericera albiventris (Foerster, 1848) and Cacopsylla pulchra (Zetterstedt, 1840), occurring from Greece to Finland. Other widespread species (Romania to Finland) were Cacopsylla ambigua (Foerster, 1848) and Bactericera curvatinervis (Foerster, 1848). The mean number of psyllid species per site was 2.4 (1.3 Cacopsylla, 1.1 Bactericera).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Percy
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Quentin Cronk
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Canty R, Ruzzier E, Cronk QC, Percy DM. Salix transect of Europe: additional leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae) records and insights from chrysomelid DNA barcoding. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e46663. [PMID: 31736630 PMCID: PMC6848237 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e46663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence patterns of chrysomelid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), associated with willow (Salix spp.) at 42 sites across Europe, have previously been described. The sites form a transect from Greece (lat. 38.8 °N) to arctic Norway (lat. 69.7 °N). This paper reports additional records and the results of DNA sequencing in certain genera. Examination of further collections from the transect has added 13 species in the genera Aphthona, Chrysomela, Cryptocephalus, Epitrix, Galerucella (2 spp.), Gonioctena, Phyllotreta (2 spp.), Pachybrachis (3 spp.) and Syneta. We also report the sequencing of the DNA regions cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and cytochrome B (cytB) for a number of samples in the genera Plagiodera, Chrysomela, Gonioctena, Phratora, Galerucella and Crepidodera. The cytB sequences are the first available for some of these taxa. The DNA barcoding largely confirmed previous identifications but allowed a small number of re-assignments between related species. Most notably, however, it was evident that the southernmost material (Greece and Bulgaria) of specimens, previously treated as Crepidoderaaurata sens. lat., belonged to a distinctive molecular cluster. Morphological re-examination revealed these to be C.nigricoxis Allard, 1878. This is an example of how morphotaxonomy and DNA barcoding can work iteratively to refine identification. Our sequences for C.nigricoxis appear to be the first available for this taxon. Finally, there is little geographic structure evident, even in widely dispersed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Canty
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, United Kingdom Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Ruzzier
- Universtità degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italy Universtità degli Studi di Padova Legnaro (Padova) Italy.,Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
| | - Quentin C Cronk
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Diana M Percy
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Natural History Museum London United Kingdom.,Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
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Percy DM. Revision of the Hawaiian psyllid genus Swezeyana, with descriptions of seven new species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Triozidae). Zookeys 2018:75-113. [PMID: 29844713 PMCID: PMC5964088 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.758.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endemic Hawaiian genus Swezeyana Caldwell, 1940 is highly distinctive due to the extremely long genal processes. In addition, some of the immatures are ornamented with extraordinary tubercles and tentacles. Two Swezeyana species are redescribed, and seven new species are described, bringing the total number of species in the genus to nine. All species are hosted by a single, endemic host plant, Planchonellasandwicensis (Sapotaceae), which is distributed across all major islands in the archipelago. The majority of Swezeyana species are single island endemics. A sister taxon pair is found sympatrically on the same individual plants on Kauai, and putative sister or at least closely related species are also found sympatrically on Oahu and Hawaii, suggesting these taxa may have diversified in sympatry. However, there is no observed ecological niche partitioning, despite some striking morphological diversity, as all Swezeyana species have free-living immatures that are found on the leaf surface, and therefore no apparent biological shifts are coincident with occupying the same host plant. Two species groups are represented by strikingly different female terminalia structure and endoskeletal development, although ovipositor structure is very similar between the two groups. Mitochondrial DNA barcodes (COI and cytB) are provided for eight of the nine species. A phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial barcode regions indicates species relationships within Swezeyana and provides a comparison of genetic divergence with other Hawaiian endemic genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Percy
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK.,and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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