1
|
Yang Y, Callaham MA, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Wang D. Gut microbial communities and their potential roles in cellulose digestion and thermal adaptation of earthworms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166666. [PMID: 37657540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations to temperature and food resources, which can be affected by gut microbiota, are two main adaptive strategies allowing soil fauna to survive in their habitats, especially for cold-blooded animals. Earthworms are often referred to as ecosystem engineers because they make up the biggest component of the animal biomass found in the soil. They are considered as an important indicator in the triangle of soil quality, health and functions. However, the roles of gut microbiota in the environmental adaptation of earthworms at a large scale remain obscure. We explored the gut bacterial communities and their functions in the environmental adaptation of two widespread earthworm species (Eisenia nordenskioldi Eisen and Drawida ghilarovi Gates) in Northeast China (1661 km). Based on our findings, the alpha diversity of gut bacterial communities decreased with the increase of latitude, and the gut bacterial community composition was shaped by both mean annual temperature (MAT) and cellulose. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes, recognized as the predominant cellulose degraders, were keystone taxa driving gut bacterial interactions. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes were influenced by MAT and cellulose, and had higher contributions to gut total cellulase activity. The optimal temperature for total cellulase in the gut of E. nordenskioldi (25-30 °C) was lower than that of D ghilarovi (40 °C). The gut microbiota-deleted earthworms had the lowest cellulose degradation rate (1.07 %). The cellulose was degraded faster by gut bacteria from the host they were derived, indicating the presence of home field advantage of cellulose decomposition. This study provides a foundation for understanding the biotic strategies adopted by earthworms when they enter a new habitat, with gut microbiota being central to food digestion and environmental adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mac A Callaham
- USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forest Disturbance Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Donghui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang YF, Ganin GN, Atopkin DM, Wu DH. Earthworm Drawida (Moniligastridae) Molecular phylogeny and diversity in Far East Russia and Northeast China. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1741705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. F. Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - G. N. Ganin
- Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - D. M. Atopkin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - D. H. Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin Z, Li X, Liu D, Wang Q, Lu L, Zhang Z. Analysis of chromosome karyotype and genome size in echiuran Urechisunicinctus Drasche, 1880 (Polychaeta, Urechidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2019; 13:75-85. [PMID: 30918599 PMCID: PMC6426825 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v13i1.31448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Karyotype and genome size are two primary cytogenetic characteristics of species, which are of great significance to the study of cytogenetics, taxonomy, phylogenesis, evolution as well as molecular biology. However, this basic cytogenetic information in echiurans is lacking. Therefore, we analyzed characteristics of karyotype and genome size in the echiuran worm Urechisunicinctus Drasche, 1880. In this study, coelomic cells of U.unicinctus were used for analyzing the genome size by a flow cytometry with chicken erythrocytes as DNA standard, and the 2C DNA content was determined to be 1.85 pg, which was corresponded to the genome size of 904.58 Mbp approximately. Furthermore, trochophores of U.unicinctus were dissociated and cells were utilized for preparing the chromosomes stained with DAPI, and the karyotype was determined as 2n = 30 (10m + 6sm + 6st + 8t), FN=52. Our data provided the basic cytogenetic information of U.unicinctus, which could be utilized in taxonomic study and whole-genome sequencing in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkui Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xueyu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Danwen Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Li Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|