Pharmacological correction of metabolic disorders in experimental acute pancreatitis on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication

Total Antioxidant and Oxidative Status as Potential Biomarkers of Alcohol Overdose

Serious alcohol-associated hazards underscore the need to develop new biomarkers reflecting the biological changes caused by chronic alcohol use and predicting the risk of alcohol-related death. Oxidative stress is one mechanism of alcohol toxicity. The blood and urine redox status (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], total oxidative status [TOS], and oxidative stress index [OSI]) was assessed in 105 people who died a sudden death (controls), 47 people who died of alcohol overdose, and 102 people with alcohol dependency. TAC and TOS were determined utilizing the colorimetric method. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Blood and urine TAC levels were significantly elevated in individuals both with alcohol dependency and alcohol poisoning compared with controls. TOS levels were elevated in the blood of both study groups compared with the control group, and significantly higher in patients with alcohol dependency compared with the group with alcohol poisoning. TAC in the blood highly correlated with blood alcohol content. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the blood TAC effectively discriminated between individuals with alcohol poisoning and alcohol dependency with high sensitivity and specificity. Our study confirmed impaired redox homeostasis in people with alcoholism and indicated the utility of TAC, TOS, and OSI as biomarkers of alcohol exposure.

Promising effects of emoxypine and its succinate derivative in the management of various diseases-with insights on recent patent applications

Emoxypine and its succinate derivative share a common hydroxypridine structure, which is similar to pyridoxine. These compounds have been utilized therapeutically and industrially, owing to the wide range of properties offered. This includes antihypoxic, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, along with pharmacokinetic benefits such as the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), owing to its relatively small size and low molecular weight. It was observed that emoxypine exhibited iron chelating property in vitro, indicating its usage as a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as hematologic disorders like thalassemia and hemochromatosis. In addition to this, it has been observed to exert a potent antioxidant effect, therefore, it may be considered for the amelioration of disorders resulting from free radical injury. Studies on its mechanism of action and implications on cellular and molecular levels would help to further the understanding of its benefits, as well as prospects for filing patents for novel applications. The primary focus of this review is to shed light on the broad spectrum of pharmacological properties offered by emoxypine and its succinate derivative, and to highlight the scope for an increased number of pre-clinical and clinical trials to assess its safety and efficacy. In addition to this, the highlights of this article include the recent patents filed and scope for novel applications of these agents.