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Wilson RS, Glasby CJ, Bakken T. The Nereididae (Annelida) - diagnoses, descriptions, and a key to the genera. Zookeys 2023; 1182:35-134. [PMID: 37868122 PMCID: PMC10585372 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1182.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nereididae is among the most familiar of marine annelid families, common and well-studied in most marine environments but paradoxically no recent key or identification guide exists to the world's genera. Here updated generic descriptions, a list of characters, a linear key to genera, and minimal diagnoses that distinguish each genus from all others in the family are provided. This information is generated from a Delta database of 186 morphological characters and a link is provided to downloadable software allowing the same data to be interrogated using the open-source Delta program Intkey - a nonlinear multiple entry point computerised interactive key. For each genus the recent literature is also summarised, comments on taxonomic status provided, and published keys to species cited. Nexus format matrices are provided for all 45 genera and 158 Nereididae species, representing all genera, scored for 146 multistate characters from the same character list to facilitate future phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. Wilson
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria Research Institute, Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, AustraliaSciences Department, Museums Victoria Research Institute, Museums VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, AustraliaThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Glasby
- Museum and Art Gallery Northern Territory, PO Box 4646, Darwin NT 0801, AustraliaMuseum and Art Gallery Northern TerritoryDarwinAustralia
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, AustraliaAustralian Museum Research Institute, Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Torkild Bakken
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, NO-7491 Trondheim, NorwayNorwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University MuseumTrondheimNorway
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Rheindt FE, Bouchard P, Pyle RL, Welter-Schultes F, Aescht E, Ahyong ST, Ballerio A, Bourgoin T, Ceríaco LMP, Dmitriev D, Evenhuis N, Grygier MJ, Harvey MS, Kottelat M, Kluge N, Krell FT, Kojima JI, Kullander SO, Lucinda P, Lyal CHC, Scioscia CL, Whitmore D, Yanega D, Zhang ZQ, Zhou HZ, Pape T. Tightening the requirements for species diagnoses would help integrate DNA-based descriptions in taxonomic practice. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002251. [PMID: 37607211 PMCID: PMC10443861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern advances in DNA sequencing hold the promise of facilitating descriptions of new organisms at ever finer precision but have come with challenges as the major Codes of bionomenclature contain poorly defined requirements for species and subspecies diagnoses (henceforth, species diagnoses), which is particularly problematic for DNA-based taxonomy. We, the commissioners of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, advocate a tightening of the definition of "species diagnosis" in future editions of Codes of bionomenclature, for example, through the introduction of requirements for specific information on the character states of differentiating traits in comparison with similar species. Such new provisions would enhance taxonomic standards and ensure that all diagnoses, including DNA-based ones, contain adequate taxonomic context. Our recommendations are intended to spur discussion among biologists, as broad community consensus is critical ahead of the implementation of new editions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and other Codes of bionomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E. Rheindt
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Patrice Bouchard
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L. Pyle
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Francisco Welter-Schultes
- Abteilung Evolution und Biodiversität der Tiere und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erna Aescht
- Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian Museum, Linz, Austria
| | - Shane T. Ahyong
- Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Thierry Bourgoin
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE- Université des Antilles, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Luis M. P. Ceríaco
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dmitry Dmitriev
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neal Evenhuis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Grygier
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Taiwan
| | - Mark S. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, Australia
| | | | - Nikita Kluge
- Department of Entomology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Frank-T. Krell
- Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jun-ichi Kojima
- Natural History Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan
| | - Sven O. Kullander
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Lucinda
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Luisa Scioscia
- Arachnology Division, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Whitmore
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Douglas Yanega
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hong-Zhang Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas Pape
- Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Othman SN, Shin Y, Kim HT, Chuang MF, Bae Y, Hoti J, Zhang Y, Jang Y, Borzée A. Evaluating the efficiency of popular species identification analytical methods, and integrative workflow using morphometry and barcoding bioinformatics for taxonomy and origin of traded cryptic brown frogs. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Sizing the Knowledge Gap in Taxonomy: The Last Dozen Years of Aphidiinae Research. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020170. [PMID: 35206743 PMCID: PMC8874855 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Taxonomy is a biological discipline with the task to identify, name, and describe organisms, and as such, it provides necessary data for all other biological disciplines. The biodiversity crisis through which we are living draws attention to the crucial role of taxonomy in biology today. At the same time, the scientific community, as well as society in general, has become more aware of the difficulties associated with taxonomy, such as gaps in taxonomic knowledge, a lack of taxonomic infrastructure, and an insufficient number of taxonomic experts (“taxonomic impediment”). With this study, we tried to size this knowledge gap by analyzing the taxonomical studies on Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) conducted from 2010 to 2021. Aphidiinae are endoparasitoids of aphids; a single specimen completes its development inside the living aphid host, which are used in biological control programs. Here, we summarize the knowledge gathered over the last dozen years and discuss it in a general context. Abstract Taxonomic impediment is one of the main roadblocks to managing the current biodiversity crisis. Insect taxonomy is the biggest contributor to the taxonomic impediment, both in terms of the knowledge gap and the lack of experts. With this study, we tried to size the knowledge gap by analyzing taxonomical studies on the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) conducted from 2010 to 2021. All available taxonomic knowledge gathered in this period is critically summarized: newly described species, detection of alien species, published identification keys, etc. All findings are discussed relative to the current state of general taxonomy. Future prospects for taxonomy are also discussed.
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