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Waringer J, Previšić A, Kučinić M, Graf W, Vitecek S, Keresztes L, Bálint M, Pauls SU. Larval morphology of the Western Balkans endemic caddisflies Drusus krusniki Malicky 1981, D. vernonensis Malicky 1989, and D. vespertinus Marinković 1976 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Drusinae). Zootaxa 2018; 4083:483-500. [PMID: 26985141 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Drusinae (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) are highland caddisflies inhabiting high-gradient, turbulent running water and spring habitats. They are disjunctly distributed over the Eurasian mountain ranges, and the majority of species is endemic to particular mountain areas. The most diverse of three main groups of the Drusinae, the grazer clade, consists of species in which larvae feed on epiltihic biofilm and algae. In this paper we describe three previously unknown grazer-clade Drusinae larvae: Drusus krusniki Malicky 1981 (endemic to the Dinaric western Balkans), D. vernonensis Malicky 1989 (endemic to the Hellenic western Balkans), and D. vespertinus Marinković 1976 (endemic to the Dinaric western Balkans). The larvae of these species have toothless mandibles typical of the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated using molecular genetic data, i.e., the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene fragment (mtCOI3-P). Morphological characteristics of the larvae are described and the diagnostic features enabling species-level identification are illustrated. We further discuss the ecology and distribution of three Western Balkan endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Ocenaography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Max Emanuel-Strasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Ocenaography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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Vitecek S, Kučinić M, Previšić A, Živić I, Stojanović K, Keresztes L, Bálint M, Hoppeler F, Waringer J, Graf W, Pauls SU. Integrative taxonomy by molecular species delimitation: multi-locus data corroborate a new species of Balkan Drusinae micro-endemics. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:129. [PMID: 28587671 PMCID: PMC5461746 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxonomy offers precise species identification and delimitation and thus provides basic information for biological research, e.g. through assessment of species richness. The importance of molecular taxonomy, i.e., the identification and delimitation of taxa based on molecular markers, has increased in the past decade. Recently developed exploratory tools now allow estimating species-level diversity in multi-locus molecular datasets. RESULTS Here we use molecular species delimitation tools that either quantify differences in intra- and interspecific variability of loci, or divergence times within and between species, or perform coalescent species tree inference to estimate species-level entities in molecular genetic datasets. We benchmark results from these methods against 14 morphologically readily differentiable species of a well-defined subgroup of the diverse Drusinae subfamily (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Using a 3798 bp (6 loci) molecular data set we aim to corroborate a geographically isolated new species by integrating comparative morphological studies and molecular taxonomy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that only multi-locus species delimitation provides taxonomically relevant information. The data further corroborate the new species Drusus zivici sp. nov. We provide differential diagnostic characters and describe the male, female and larva of this new species and discuss diversity patterns of Drusinae in the Balkans. We further discuss potential and significance of molecular species delimitation. Finally we argue that enhancing collaborative integrative taxonomy will accelerate assessment of global diversity and completion of reference libraries for applied fields, e.g., conservation and biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Živić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Stojanović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Center for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felicitas Hoppeler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Studies on eucrenal-hypocrenal zonation of springs along the river mainstream: A case study of a karst canyon in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kučinić M, Previšić A, Mihoci I, Krpač V, Živić I, Stojanović K, Vojvoda AM, Katušić L. Morphological features of larvae of Drusus plicatus Radovanović (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Macedonia with molecular, ecological, ethological, and distributional notes. Zookeys 2016; 598:75-97. [PMID: 27408591 PMCID: PMC4926673 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.598.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A description of the larva of Drusus plicatus Radovanović is given for the first time. The most important diagnostic characters enabling separation from larvae of the other Drusinae from the southeast Europe are listed. Molecular, ecological, and ethological features and distribution patterns of the species are given. Additionally, information on the sympatric caddisfly species of the three springs where larvae and adults of Drusus plicatus were found and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology (*Laboratory for Entomology), Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology (*Laboratory for Entomology), Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Iva Mihoci
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10 000, Republic of Croatia
| | - Vladimir Krpač
- Entomological Society for Investigation and Conservation of Biodiversity and sustainable Development of Natural Ecosystem, Vladimir Komarov st. 40b, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivana Živić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Ana Mrnjavčić Vojvoda
- Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Institute for Plant Protection, Rim 98, 10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Luka Katušić
- State Institute for Nature Protection, Radnička cesta 80, 10 000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
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Ibrahimi H, Vitecek S, Previšić A, Kučinić M, Johann Waringer, Graf W, Balint M, Keresztes L, Pauls SU. Drusus sharrensis sp. n. (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae), a new species from Sharr National Park in Kosovo, with molecular and ecological notes. Zookeys 2016:107-24. [PMID: 27006607 PMCID: PMC4768274 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.559.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe Drusussharrensissp. n., from the Sharr Mountains in Kosovo. Males of the new species are morphologically most similar to Drususkrusniki Malicky, 1981, Drususkerek Oláh, 2011 and Drususjuliae Oláh, 2011 but differ mainly in exhibiting (1) a differently shaped spinose area on tergite VIII; (2) intermediate appendages anteriorly curved in lateral view with broad tips in dorsal view; (3) inferior appendages with a distinct dorsal protrusion in the proximal half. Females of the new species are morphologically most similar to Drususkrusniki, Drususkerek, Drususjuliae, and Drususplicatus Radovanovic, 1942 but mainly differ in (1) segment X that is longer than the supragenital plate with distinctly pointed tips; (2) supragenital plate quadrangular with a distinct round dorsal protrusion; (3) a vulvar scale with a small median lobe. Results of phylogenetic species delimitation support monophyly of Drusussharrensis sp. n. and recover it as sister to a clade comprising (Drususpelasgus Oláh, 2010 + Drususjuliae + Drususarbanios Oláh, 2010 + Drususplicatus + (Drususdacothracus Oláh, 2010 + Drususillyricus Oláh, 2010)). The new species is a micro-endemic of the Sharr Mountains, a main biodiversity hotspot in the Balkan Peninsula. Main threats to the aquatic ecosystems of this part of the Balkan Peninsula are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", "Mother Theresa" street p.n. 10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Max-Emanuel-Strasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklós Balint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60388 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60388 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
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A hairy case: The evolution of filtering carnivorous Drusinae (Limnephilidae, Trichoptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 93:249-260. [PMID: 26265260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The caddisfly subfamily Drusinae BANKS comprises roughly 100 species inhabiting mountain ranges in Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. A 3-gene phylogeny of the subfamily previously identified three major clades that were corroborated by larval morphology and feeding ecologies: scraping grazers, omnivorous shredders and filtering carnivores. Larvae of filtering carnivores exhibit unique head capsule complexities, unknown from other caddisfly larvae. Here we assess the species-level relationships within filtering carnivores, hypothesizing that head capsule complexity is derived from simple shapes observed in the other feeding groups. We summarize the current systematics and taxonomy of the group, clarify the systematic position of Cryptothrix nebulicola, and present a larval key to filtering carnivorous Drusinae. We infer relationships of all known filtering carnivorous Drusinae and 34 additional Drusinae species using Bayesian species tree analysis and concatenated Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 3805bp of sequence data from six gene regions (mtCOI5-P, mtCOI3-P, 16S mrDNA, CADH, WG, 28S nrDNA), morphological cladistics from 308 characters, and a total evidence analysis. All analyses support monophyly of the three feeding ecology groups but fail to fully resolve internal relationships. Within filtering carnivores, variation in head setation and frontoclypeus structure may be associated with progressive niche adaptation, with less complex species recovered at a basal position. We propose that diversification of complex setation and frontoclypeus shape represents a recent evolutionary development, hypothetically enforcing speciation and niche specificity within filtering carnivorous Drusinae.
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Vitecek S, Kučinić M, Oláh J, Previšić A, Bálint M, Keresztes L, Waringer J, Pauls SU, Graf W. Description of two new filtering carnivore Drusus species (Limnephilidae, Drusinae) from the Western Balkans. Zookeys 2015:79-104. [PMID: 26257570 PMCID: PMC4524279 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.513.9908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Drusus (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Drusinae) from the Western Balkans are described. Additionally, observations on the biodiversity and threats to the region's endemic aquatic fauna are discussed. Drususkrpachi sp. n. is a micro-endemic of the Korab Mountains, Macedonia, and Drususmalickyi sp. n. is a micro-endemic of the Prokletije Mountains, Albania. Both new species are most similar to Drususmacedonicus but differ from the latter in the shape of segment IX, the shape of the tips of the intermediate appendages in lateral view, the shape of the inferior appendages, and the form and shape of the parameres. In addition, males of the European species of filtering carnivore Drusinae are diagnosed and illustrated, including Cryptothrixnebulicola McLachlan, Drususchrysotus Rambur, Drususdiscolor Rambur, Drususmacedonicus Schmid, Drususmeridionalis Kumanski, Drususmuelleri McLachlan, Drususromanicus Murgoci and Botosaneanu, and Drusussiveci Malicky. These additions to the Western Balkan fauna demonstrate the significance of this region for European biodiversity and further highlight the importance of faunistic studies in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources, Max-Emanuelstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
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