1
|
Magrey M, Wei JCC, Yndestad A, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Dina O, Deodhar A. Relationships of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment With Patient-Reported Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results From Two Trials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024; 76:359-365. [PMID: 37909386 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships of work productivity and activity impairment with key patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessing pain, disease activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS This post hoc analysis pooled available data from baseline to end of the double-blind phase of phase 2 and 3 placebo-controlled tofacitinib trials in patients with active AS. A repeated-measures longitudinal model assessed the relationships (linear or nonlinear) between Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire in Spondyloarthritis (WPAI:SpA) domains (absenteeism, activity impairment, presenteeism, and productivity loss) as outcomes and key PROs (total back pain, nocturnal spinal pain, Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity, AS Quality of Life, EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level [EQ-5D-3L], and EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale [EQ-5D-VAS]) as predictors. RESULTS Data from 330 to 475 patients were available, depending on the analysis. Relationships between WPAI:SpA domains and PROs were approximately linear. The worst PRO scores were associated with a decline in patients' work capacity (measured by activity impairment, presenteeism, and productivity loss [>65%]); the best scores were associated with improvements in WPAI:SpA domains (8%-23%). Incremental PRO improvements were associated with improvement of activity impairment, presenteeism, and productivity loss. Relationships between absenteeism and PROs were the weakest, owing to absenteeism being low in the study population. CONCLUSION Evidence of linear relationships between work productivity and activity impairment with patient-reported pain, disease activity, and HRQoL was observed. Interventions to control pain and disease activity and improve HRQoL are therefore likely to improve work productivity and reduce activity impairment in patients with AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Magrey
- Case Western Reserve University and Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Atul Deodhar
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dures E, Farisoğulları B, Santos EJF, Molto A, Feldthusen C, Harris C, Elling-Audersch C, Connolly D, Elefante E, Estévez-López F, Bini I, Primdahl J, Hoeper K, Urban M, van de Laar MAFJ, Redondo M, Böhm P, Amarnani R, Hayward R, Geenen R, Rednic S, Pettersson S, Thomsen T, Uhlig T, Ritschl V, Machado PM. 2023 EULAR recommendations for the management of fatigue in people with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2023:ard-2023-224514. [PMID: 38050029 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fatigue is prevalent in people with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (I-RMDs) and recognised as one of the most challenging symptoms to manage. The existence of multiple factors associated with driving and maintaining fatigue, and the evidence about what improves fatigue has led to a multifaceted approach to its management. However, there are no recommendations for fatigue management in people with I-RMDs. This lack of guidance is challenging for those living with fatigue and health professionals delivering clinical care. Therefore, our aim was to develop EULAR recommendations for the management of fatigue in people with I-RMDs. METHODS A multidisciplinary taskforce comprising 26 members from 14 European countries was convened, and two systematic reviews were conducted. The taskforce developed the recommendations based on the systematic review of evidence supplemented with taskforce members' experience of fatigue in I-RMDs. RESULTS Four overarching principles (OAPs) and four recommendations were developed. OAPs include health professionals' awareness that fatigue encompasses multiple biological, psychological and social factors which should inform clinical care. Fatigue should be monitored and assessed, and people with I-RMDs should be offered management options. Recommendations include offering tailored physical activity and/or tailored psychoeducational interventions and/or, if clinically indicated, immunomodulatory treatment initiation or change. Patient-centred fatigue management should consider the individual's needs and preferences, their clinical disease activity, comorbidities and other psychosocial and contextual factors through shared decision-making. CONCLUSIONS These 2023 EULAR recommendations provide consensus and up-to-date guidance on fatigue management in people with I-RMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dures
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing at the University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol and Academic Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Eduardo José Ferreira Santos
- Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICiSA:E), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Molto
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Harris
- Department of Rheumatology, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | | | - Deirdre Connolly
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Elefante
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Estévez-López
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group and CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Bini
- Anmar Young, Rome, Italy
- EULAR Young PARE, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jette Primdahl
- University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sønderborg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Hoeper
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Klinikum, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Urban
- Department of Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Mart A F J van de Laar
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Arthritis Center Twente, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Redondo
- School of Psychology, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Böhm
- Forschungspartner, Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e.V, Bonn, Germany
- Beratung und Begleitung, Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Berlin e.V, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raj Amarnani
- Department of Rheumatology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rhys Hayward
- Department of Rheumatology, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Rednic
- Clinica Reumatologie, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Susanne Pettersson
- Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanja Thomsen
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Till Uhlig
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valentin Ritschl
- Institute for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro M Machado
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Centre for Rheumatology, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brown T, Hammond A, Ching A, Parker J. Work limitations and associated factors in rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia. Musculoskeletal Care 2023; 21:827-844. [PMID: 36975543 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) impact on work participation. The aims of this study were to: examine work limitations of working people with: rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), osteoarthritis, or fibromyalgia using the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale (WALS, a measure of presenteeism); and identify personal, functioning and disability, and work contextual factors associated with presenteeism. METHODS Secondary analysis was conducted of a cross-sectional survey including work outcome measures (WORK-PROM study). A literature review identified variables (coded to ICF) to include in multivariable regressions examining factors associated with presenteeism. RESULTS Moderate to high WALS scores were identified in: 93.60% with FM; 69.90% OA; 65.20% RA; and 46.80% axSpA (n = 822). Similarities in work limitations were noted across conditions, although some more problematic in specific RMD. Participants received help with about a quarter of activities (27%RA; 25%FM; 23%OA; 17%axSpA) and work adaptations for less than a fifth causing difficulty (18%FM; 14%RA; 14%OA; 9%axSpA). Literature review identified 33 variables in the WORK-PROM dataset to include in multivariable regressions. Factors associated with higher WALS scores were worse: functional limitations, job strain, pain, difficulties with mental-interpersonal job demands, perceived health status, work-life balance, greater need for work accommodations and lack of perceived work support. DISCUSSION This study extends understanding of work limitations of working people with these four RMD, the extent of help and adaptations received, need for more work accommodation support, and focus on work support, work rehabilitation, and healthy workplace practices to help keep people working.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Brown
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Alison Hammond
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Ching
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
- King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Parker
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiltz U, Hoeper K, Hammel L, Lieb S, Hähle A, Meyer-Olson D. Work participation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: high prevalence of negative workplace experiences and long-term work impairment. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002663. [PMID: 36927848 PMCID: PMC10030742 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects people in their second and third decades of life, which are important years for establishing a professional career. We aim to study outcomes of work participation (WP) and their associations with demographic and clinical confounders, in addition to prevalence of negative workplace experiences in axSpA. METHODS In total, 770 patients with axSpA participated in the multicentre, observational ATTENTUS-axSpA survey in Germany. Demographic information, clinical parameters and patient-related outcomes (including disease activity and function) with a focus on WP were prospectively recorded. RESULTS A high prevalence of negative workplace experiences was reported among the 770 patients analysed. Overall, 23.4% of patients were not employed and 6.5% received disability pensions. Current work cessation was prevalent in 120 patients, and 28 of those were out of work for 10 years or longer. Of the 590 currently employed patients, 31.9% reported absenteeism and 35.9% reported presenteeism for >1 month within the past year. Multivariate logistic regression identified low disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), better physical function (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) and better global functioning (Assessment of SpondylAarthritis International Society-Health Index) as the main predictors for unimpaired WP (n=242). Importantly, biological treatment, disease duration, age, sex, education level and body mass index were not reliable predictors. DISCUSSION Despite improvements in pharmacological treatment options, we still observed substantially impaired WP in patients with axSpA. These data emphasise the high unmet need for targeted strategies to provide improved medical and social care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Kiltz
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Rheumatology, Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hoeper
- Rheumatologie and Immunologie, Regionales Kooperatives Rheumazentrum Niedersachsen eV, Hannover, Germany
- Klinik für Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hammel
- Deutsche Vereinigung Morbus Bechterew e.V, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Dirk Meyer-Olson
- Klinik für Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Rheumatologie, m&i Fachklinik Bad Pyrmont, Bad Pyrmont, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neilson AR, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Pathan EM, McNamee P. Generating EQ-5D-5L health utility scores from BASDAI and BASFI: a mapping study in patients with axial spondyloarthritis using longitudinal UK registry data. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2022; 23:1357-1369. [PMID: 35113270 PMCID: PMC9550731 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preference-based health-state utility values (HSUVs), such as the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), are needed to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for cost-effectiveness analyses. However, these are rarely used in clinical trials of interventions in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). In these cases, mapping can be used to predict HSUVs. OBJECTIVE To develop mapping algorithms to estimate EQ-5D-5L HSUVs from the Bath Ankylosing Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). METHODS Data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register in Ankylosing Spondylitis (BSRBR-AS) provided 5122 observations with complete BASDAI, BASFI, and EQ-5D-5L responses covering the full range of disease severity. We compared direct mapping using adjusted limited dependent variable mixture models (ALDVMMs) and optional inclusion of the gap between full health and the next feasible value with indirect response mapping using ordered probit (OPROBIT) and generalised ordered probit (GOPROBIT) models. Explanatory variables included BASDAI, BASFI, and age. Metrics to assess model goodness-of-fit and performance/accuracy included Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC/BIC), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), plotting predictive vs. observed estimates across the range of BASDAI/BASFI and comparing simulated data with the original data set for the preferred/best model. RESULTS Overall, the ALDVMM models that did not formally include the gap between full health and the next feasible value outperformed those that did. The four-component mixture models (with squared terms included) performed better than the three-component models. Response mapping using GOPROBIT (no squared terms included) or OPROBIT (with squared terms included) offered the next best performing models after the three-component ALDVMM (with squared terms). Simulated data of the preferred model (ALDVMM with four-components) did not significantly underestimate uncertainty across most of the range of EQ-5D-5L values, however the proportion of data at full health was underrepresented, likely due in part to model fitting on a small number of observations at this point in the actual data (4%). CONCLUSIONS The mapping algorithms developed in this study enabled the generation of EQ-5D-5L utilities from BASDAI/BASFI. The indirect mapping equations reported for the EQ-5D-5L facilitate the calculation of the EQ-5D-5L utility scores using other UK and country-specific value sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen R Neilson
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit (ECTU), Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Gareth T Jones
- Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ejaz Mi Pathan
- Rheumatology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul McNamee
- Health Economics Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morton L, Stelfox K, Beasley M, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Walker-Bone K, Hollick RJ. Enabling work participation for people with musculoskeletal conditions: lessons from work changes imposed by COVID-19: a mixed-method study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057919. [PMID: 35393323 PMCID: PMC8990257 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand what we can learn from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown about what enables work participation for people with inflammatory arthritis and chronic pain conditions. DESIGN Qualitative interviews embedded within an observational questionnaire study of individuals with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. SETTING UK primary care (general practices), and secondary care-based rheumatology services. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and MSK pain from three established cohorts completed an online/paper-based questionnaire (July-December 2020). A subset of respondents were selected for semistructured interviews. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The survey quantified the effects of lockdown on work circumstances. Qualitative interviews explored the impacts of these changes and the advantages and disadvantages of changes in work circumstances. RESULTS 491 people (52% female, median age 49 years) who were employed at the time of lockdown responded to the questionnaire. The qualitative analysis included 157 free-text comments on work from the questionnaire and data collected within 18 interviews.Participants reported impacts on mental and physical health, and significant financial anxieties. The impact of work changes varied depending on individual and home circumstances. Some felt forced to ignore advice to shield and continue working. The flexibility offered by home working and changes in commuting enabled greater physical activity for some, while others missed the exercise normally undertaken as part of their commute. Others reported a constant need to be 'present' online, which heightened anxiety and worsened MSK symptoms. CONCLUSION Lockdown showed that flexible working arrangements, which consider the positive and negative aspects of commuting, posture, movement, and work environment matter for work participation, and can have wider benefits in terms of health and well-being for those with long-term MSK conditions. Incorporating these into new models of work will help make the workplace more equitable and inclusive for people with long-term MSK conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LaKrista Morton
- Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kevin Stelfox
- Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marcus Beasley
- Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gareth T Jones
- Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rosemary J Hollick
- Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garrido-Cumbrera M, Collantes-Estevez E, Navarro-Compán V, Zarco-Montejo P, Sastre C, Correa-Fernández J, Sanz-Gómez S, Plazuelo-Ramos P, Gratacos J. Understanding the Disease Burden of Unemployed Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis. Results of the Spanish Atlas 2017. J Rheumatol 2021; 49:373-379. [PMID: 34911802 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in sociodemographic factors and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between unemployed and employed axSpA patients and to explore work-related issues. METHODS Data through online survey from 680 unselected patients of the Spanish Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis were analysed in 2017. Active workforce participants were divided into employed and unemployed according to International Labour Organization standards. Sociodemographic characteristics, PROs [BASDAI (0-10), spinal stiffness (3- 12), functional limitation (0-54), and psychological distress through General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12 (0-12)] were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association with unemployment status. RESULTS 415 (63.6%) patients were categorised in the active population, of which 325 (78.3%) were employed and 90 (21.7%) unemployed. 62.8% (N = 54) of unemployed declared that their joblessness was due to axSpA. Of the employed, 170 (54.3%) reported work-related issues in the year prior to the survey, being the most frequent "difficulty fulfilling working hours" (44.1%), "missing work for doctor appointments" (42.9%), and "taking sick leave" (37.1%). Being unemployed was associated with lower educational level (OR= 2.92), disease activity (OR= 1.37), spinal stiffness (OR= 1.21), functional limitation (OR= 1.05), worse mental health (OR= 1.15), anxiety (OR= 2.02) and depression (OR= 2.69) in the univariable models; and only with lower educational level (OR= 2.76) and worse mental health (OR= 1.15) in the multivariable. CONCLUSION Results show significant differences between employed and unemployed axSpA patients. Employed axSpA patients endure many problems at work related to their condition, though unemployed patients present worse disease outcomes associated with greater psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garrido-Cumbrera
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estevez
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Victoria Navarro-Compán
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Pedro Zarco-Montejo
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Carlos Sastre
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - José Correa-Fernández
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Sergio Sanz-Gómez
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| | - Jordi Gratacos
- Conflict of interest: Marco Garrido-Cumbrera has no conflict of interest to disclose. Eduardo Collantes-Estévez has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Pedro Zarco- Montejo has no conflict of interest to disclose. Carlos Sastre is an employee of Novartis Farmacéutica SA. José Correa-Fernández has no conflict of interest to disclose. Sergio Sanz-Gómez has no conflct of interest to disclose. Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos has no conflict of interest to disclose. Jordi Gratacós has received unrelated honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB lower than $10,000. Funding: This study was funded by Novartis Farmacéutica SA. Corresponding author: Marco Garrido Cumbrera, Centro Internacional. Av de la Ciudad Jardín, 20, 22, 41005 Sevilla (Spain); phone number +34 955 420 796;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boussaid S, Ben Majdouba M, Rekik S, Jammali S, Cheour E, Sahli H, Elleuch M. Poor work outcomes in patients with spondyloarthritis: causes, consequences, and solutions. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:463-470. [PMID: 34618257 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spondyloarthritis (SpA) affects patients in the prime of their economic productivity and can cause loss of work productivity and unemployment. We aim to identify factors associated with poor work outcomes in patients with SpA. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 100 patients with SpA who were employed, retired, or off work because of SpA. Data on sociodemographic and professional characteristics were collected as well as specific indices: BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, BASFI, and BASMI. Work productivity in employed patients was assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale (WPAI:SpA). RESULTS Patients were divided into 73 men and 27 women; the mean age was 43.68 ± 10.3 years. Fifty-nine percent of patients were employed and 26% were off work. The average disease duration was 12.24 ± 8.73 years. The mean BASDAI score was 4.4 ± 2.4, the average BASFI score was 4.6 ± 2.7, and the average ASDAS-CRP score was 2.77 ± 1.18. The mean BASMI was 4.4 ± 2.8. Among employed patients, the mean of absenteeism, presenteeism, and work productivity loss was 21.8 ± 33.13%, 42 ± 32%, and 46.5 ± 35.31%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, absenteeism was associated with ASDAS ≥ 2.1 (β = 20.14), peripheral joint involvement (β = 15.6), manual work (β = 14.31), low level of education (β = 7.92), and BASFI ≥ 4 (β = 6.39). Presenteeism and work productivity loss were associated with manual work, BASFI ≥ , body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, smoking, the use of symptomatic treatment, and ASDAS-CRP ≥ 2.1. CONCLUSION Spondyloarthritis affects work productivity. Screening for predictive factors should be considered by the clinician in the overall management of the disease. Key Points • SpA occurs among young and active patients; it could affect their professional lives and thus lead to loss of work productivity and unemployment. • The management of patients with SpA must be multidisciplinary; this includes assessing contextual factors in order to act on modifiable factors such as smoking and BMI, optimal management of the disease to maintain at least a low disease activity, and to ensure workstation layout and elimination of professional constraints that can affect work outcomes in patients with SpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Boussaid
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Research Unit LR 05 SP 01, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Marouene Ben Majdouba
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Rekik
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit LR 05 SP 01, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Jammali
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit LR 05 SP 01, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elhem Cheour
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit LR 05 SP 01, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Sahli
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit LR 05 SP 01, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Elleuch
- Rheumatology Department, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deodhar A, Mease P, Marzo-Ortega H, Hunter T, Sandoval D, Kronbergs A, Lauzon S, Leung A, Navarro-Compán V. Ixekizumab improves sleep and work productivity in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results from the COAST-X trial at 52 weeks. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:50. [PMID: 34560906 PMCID: PMC8464085 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis experience negative impacts on sleep, work productivity, and activity impairment. Ixekizumab, a monoclonal antibody selectively targeting interleukin-17A, has shown efficacy in treating the signs and symptoms of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. This analysis evaluated the effect of ixekizumab treatment on sleep, work productivity, and activity impairment in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Methods COAST-X (NCT02757352) was a 52-week, phase 3, multicenter, randomised placebo-controlled trial evaluating 80-mg ixekizumab every 2 weeks and every 4 weeks in patients with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Sleep disturbance was measured with the Jenkins Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (JSEQ) and analysed using mixed-effects models for repeated measures. Work productivity and activity impairment were measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthritis and analysed using analysis of covariance. Absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment were assessed for patients reporting paid work; activity impairment was assessed regardless of work status. Results Overall, patients treated with both dosing regimens of ixekizumab reported numerically greater improvements in sleep than placebo through Week 52. At Weeks 16 and 52, patients treated with ixekizumab every 4 weeks had significantly greater improvements in presenteeism (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively) and overall work impairment (p = 0.014 and p = 0.005, respectively) and numeric improvements in absenteeism than placebo. Patients treated with ixekizumab every 2 weeks had numerically greater improvements in absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment than placebo. Both dosing regimens of ixekizumab were associated with significantly greater improvements in activity impairment than placebo (ixekizumab every 4 weeks: p = 0.003 at Week 16 and p = 0.004 at Week 52; ixekizumab every 2 weeks: p = 0.007 at Week 16 and p = 0.006 at Week 52). Conclusions Treatment with ixekizumab improved sleep, work productivity, and activity impairment in patients with nr-axSpA. Improvements in presenteeism and overall work impairment were sustained and consistent in the patients treated with ixekizumab every 4 weeks from Week 16 to Week 52. Improvements in activity impairment were sustained and consistent in both ixekizumab-treated groups from Week 16 to Week 52. Trial registration NCT02757352, May 2, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Deodhar
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Philip Mease
- Swedish Medical Center/Providence St. Joseph Health and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helena Marzo-Ortega
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and LIRMM, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nikiphorou E, Carvalho PD, Boonen A, Fautrel B, Richette P, Machado PM, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Ramiro S. Sick leave in early axial spondyloarthritis: the role of clinical and socioeconomic factors. Five-year data from the DESIR cohort. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2021-001685. [PMID: 34172511 PMCID: PMC8237733 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the occurrence of sick leave (SL) and the impact of clinical and socioeconomic factors on SL in early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of axSpA from the DEvenir des Spondyloarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes (DESIR) cohort with work-related data and up to 5-year follow-up were studied. Incidence, time to first SL and potential role of baseline and time-varying clinical and socioeconomic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, education, job type, marital and parental status) were analysed. Univariable analyses, followed by collinearity and interaction tests, guided subsequent multivariable time-varying Cox survival model building. RESULTS In total, 704 axSpA patients were included (mean (SD) age 33.8 (8.6); 46% men). At baseline, 80% of patients were employed; of these, 5.7% reported being on SL. The incidence of SL among those at risk during the study period (n=620, 88%) was 0.05 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.06) per 1000 days of follow-up. Mean (SD) time to first SL was 806 (595) days (range: 175-2021 days). In multivariable models, male gender (HR 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.86)) and higher education (HR 0.48 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.95)) were associated with lower hazard of SL, while higher disease activity (HR 1.49 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.13)), older age, smoking and use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors were associated with higher hazard of SL. CONCLUSIONS In this early axSpA cohort of young, working-age individuals, male gender and higher education were independently associated with a lower hazard of SL, whereas older age and higher disease activity were associated with higher hazard of SL. The findings suggest a role of socioeconomic factors in adverse work outcomes, alongside active disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikiphorou
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pedro D Carvalho
- Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Fautrel
- Sorbonne University - Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Dept of Rheumatology. Pierre Louis Institute for Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM UMRS 1136, PEPITES Teams, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Richette
- Université de Paris, Hopital Lariboisière, Department of Rheumatology, INSERM U1132, Paris, France
| | - Pedro M Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Desirée van der Heijde
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Landewé
- Zuyderland Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Zuyderland Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
MRI Changes of the Symphysis Pubis in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and Association With Clinical Factors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2021; 45:442-446. [PMID: 34297513 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of the symphysis pubis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) and to assess its association with clinical factors. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 172 patients with ax-SpA was performed to assess the presence of active inflammatory and structural changes of the symphysis pubis on MRI scans, and their association with clinical factors and the SPARCC (Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada) scoring of the sacroiliac joint were evaluated. RESULTS The proportions of active inflammation and structural changes of the symphysis pubis were 69/172 (40.1%) and 54/172 (31.4%), respectively. When comparing the active inflammation and no-active inflammation symphysis pubis groups, the former had higher level C-reactive protein, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and younger median age of patients. Moreover, no significant correlation was noted between the active inflammation of the symphysis pubis and SPARCC score of the sacroiliac joint. When comparing the normal and abnormal symphysis pubis groups, the latter had longer symptom duration. CONCLUSIONS The MRI changes of the symphysis pubis were seen in 55.2% of the patients with ax-SpA and were associated with C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and symptom duration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nikiphorou E, Boonen A, Fautrel B, Richette P, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Ramiro S. How do clinical and socioeconomic factors impact on work disability in early axial spondyloarthritis? Five-year data from the DESIR cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2034-2042. [PMID: 34320627 PMCID: PMC9071517 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the impact of clinical and socioeconomic factors on work disability (WD) in early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods Patients from the DESIR cohort with a clinical diagnosis of axSpA were studied over 5 years. Time to WD and potential baseline and time-varying predictors were explored, with a focus on socioeconomic (including ethnicity, education, job-type, marital/parental status) and clinical (including disease activity, function, mobility) factors. Univariable analyses, collinearity and interaction tests guided subsequent multivariable time-varying Cox survival analyses. Results From 704 patients eligible for this study, the estimated incidence of WD among those identified as at risk (n = 663, 94%), and across the five years of DESIR, was 0.05 (95% CI 0.03, 0.06) per 1000 person-days. Significant differences in baseline socioeconomic factors, including lower educational status and clinical measures, including worse disease activity, were seen in patients developing WD over follow-up, compared with those who never did. In the main multivariable model, educational status was no longer predictive of WD, whereas the AS disease activity score (ASDAS) and the BASFI were significantly and independently associated with a higher hazard of WD [HR (95%CI) 1.79 (1.27, 2.54) and 1.42 (1.22, 1.65), respectively]. Conclusion WD was an infrequent event in this early axSpA cohort. Nevertheless, clinical factors were among the strongest predictors of WD, over socioeconomic factors, with worse disease activity and function independently associated with a higher hazard of WD. Disease severity remains a strong predictor of adverse work outcome even in early disease, despite substantial advances in therapeutic strategies in axSpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikiphorou
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands.,Centre for Rheumatic diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Fautrel
- Dept of Rheumatology, Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Pierre Louis Institute for Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne University-Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, INSERM UMRS 1136, PEPITES Teams, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Richette
- Department of Rheumatology, Hopital Lariboisière, Université de Paris, Paris, INSERM U1132, France
| | - Robert Landewé
- Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Association between individual and country-level socioeconomic factors and work participation in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: Analysis of the ASAS-perSpA study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:804-812. [PMID: 34153894 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether associations between socioeconomic factors and work outcomes in spondyloarthritis (SpA) differ across axial (axSpA), peripheral SpA (pSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and whether associations for individual-level socioeconomic factors are modified by country-level factors. METHODS Patients with a physician diagnosis of SpA within working age (18-65 years) were included. Associations between individual- (age, gender, education, marital status) and country-level factors (Human Development Index, Health Care Expenditure (HCE), Gross Domestic Product, percentage unemployed) with work outcomes (employment status, absenteeism, presenteeism) were assessed using multivariable mixed-effects models. Associations between individual factors and outcomes were compared according to SpA phenotypes and country-level factors using interaction terms. RESULTS A total of 3835 patients (mean age 42 years, 61% males) from 23 countries worldwide were included (66% axSpA, 10% pSpA, 23% PsA). Being employed was associated with gender (male vs. female OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.9-3.2), education (university vs. primary OR 3.7; 2.9-4.7), marital status (married vs. single OR 1.3; 1.04-1.6), and age in a non-linear manner. University (vs primary) education was associated with lower odds of absenteeism (OR 0.7; 0.5-0.96) and presenteeism (OR 0.5; 0.3-0.7). Associations were similar across SpA phenotypes. Higher HCE was associated with more favourable work outcomes, e.g., higher odds of employment (OR 2.5; 1.5-4.1). Gender discrepancy in odds of employment was greater in countries with lower socioeconomic development. CONCLUSION Higher educational attainment and higher HCE were associated with more favourable work outcomes, independently of SpA phenotype. The disadvantageous effect of female gender on employment is particularly strong in countries with lower socioeconomic development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Google search data as a novel adjunct to patient and public involvement in rheumatology research. Rheumatol Int 2020; 41:771-779. [PMID: 33074346 PMCID: PMC7571296 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient and public involvement is essential in the design and implementation of research studies to ensure research remains relevant and in line with public priorities. Public views on a given area of research may be sought via platforms such as focus groups or surveys. Here, we present the use of an openly available Google search data query tool, which may be used alongside traditional forms of patient and public involvement in research to highlight public perceptions and priorities. We used an online search query tool (“AnswerThePublic.com”) to explore public Google searches relating to “arthritis,” and an exemplar rheumatic disease, “rheumatoid arthritis.” The most common searches relating to these diseases included quality of life, treatment, prognosis, as well as impacts on life, including work. However, they also reveal concerns that may be more difficult to elicit in face-to-face focus groups, such as questions on alcohol consumption in arthritis, and impacts on mental health. Using public search engine data in research, alongside the important traditional methods of patient and public involvement, is a cost-effective and time-efficient method of gauging public views and concerns on a given topic. It may facilitate broad scoping searches of public priorities and help to guide future research questions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cucos I, Dadoun S, Jacquemin C, Kreis S, Fabre S, Hudry C, Pertuiset E, Fautrel B, Gossec L. Prediction of Work Impact in Axial Spondyloarthritis by the Work Instability Scale: A Prospective Cohort Study of 101 Patients. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:1002-1006. [PMID: 32934129 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.191397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) may have an effect on work. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Work Instability Scale (AS-WIS) assesses difficulties at work. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the AS-WIS on work impact. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study with 2 timepoints (at baseline and after 1.5 yrs) that included patients with axSpA who had paid employment. Patients completed the AS-WIS at baseline and work instability was scored as moderate/high if ≥ 11 (0-20 scale). At follow-up, adverse work outcomes (AWO) were grouped as moderate (short-term sick leave) or severe AWO (long-term sick leave, disability, unemployment). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explain AWO. RESULTS Of 101 patients, mean age 45 (SD 9) years, 52% male, disease duration was 14 (SD 8) years. The Bath AS Disease Activity Index and the Bath AS Functional Index were 34 (SD 21) and 23 (SD 23), respectively, and 69 (68%) received a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. At baseline, 46 (46%) patients had moderate/high AS-WIS. At 1.5 years of follow-up, 37 patients (36%) had AWO: 25 patients (25%) a short-term sick leave, and 12 patients (12%, 7/100 patient-years) a severe AWO. Independent baseline factors associated with AWO were a moderate/high AS-WIS score (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.04-7.22) and shorter disease duration (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99). CONCLUSION In patients with axSpA, a moderate/high AS-WIS score was predictive of AWO in this population with well-controlled axSpA. This short questionnaire can be helpful to screen for future difficulties at work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Cucos
- I. Cucos, MD, Rheumatology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris;
| | | | - Charlotte Jacquemin
- C. Jacquemin, MD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, and Rheumatology Department, Rene Dubos Hospital, Pontoise
| | - Sarah Kreis
- S. Kreis MD, S. Fabre, MD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris
| | - Stephanie Fabre
- S. Kreis MD, S. Fabre, MD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris
| | | | - Eduard Pertuiset
- E. Pertuiset, PhD, Rheumatology Department, Rene Dubos Hospital, Pontoise
| | - Bruno Fautrel
- B. Fautrel, PhD, L. Gossec, PhD, Rheumatology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, and Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Laure Gossec
- B. Fautrel, PhD, L. Gossec, PhD, Rheumatology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, and Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects people of working age. Work-related outcomes are therefore important to study, both from an individual but also a societal perspective. Through this review of the literature, we explore the impact of axSpA on key work outcomes including work and productivity loss and predictors for these. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence confirms that axSpA is associated with substantial consequences on the ability to work. Reassuringly, early treatment and use of biologics have been associated with improved wok outcomes highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and management. High disease activity, labour-intensive jobs, poor physical function and impaired spinal mobility are among identified predictors of adverse work outcomes in axSpA. The impact of axSpA on work outcomes is considerable and necessitates optimal intervention, including suppression of disease activity, to enhance people's chances of remaining in work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikiphorou
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A study of MRI-based radiomics biomarkers for sacroiliitis and spondyloarthritis. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2020; 15:1737-1748. [PMID: 32607695 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-020-02219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of texture-based biomarkers by radiomic analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with sacroiliitis secondary to spondyloarthritis (SpA). RELEVANCE The determination of sacroiliac joints inflammatory activity supports the drug management in these diseases. METHODS Sacroiliac joints (SIJ) MRI examinations of 47 patients were evaluated. Thirty-seven patients had SpA diagnoses (27 axial SpA and ten peripheral SpA) which was established previously after clinical and laboratory follow-up. To perform the analysis, the SIJ MRI was first segmented and warped. Second, radiomics biomarkers were extracted from the warped MRI images for associative analysis with sacroiliitis and the SpA subtypes. Finally, statistical and machine learning methods were applied to assess the associations of the radiomics texture-based biomarkers with clinical outcomes. RESULTS All diagnostic performances obtained with individual or combined biomarkers reached areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ≥ 0.80 regarding SpA related sacroiliitis and and SpA subtypes classification. Radiomics texture-based analysis showed significant differences between the positive and negative SpA groups and differentiated the axial and peripheral subtypes (P < 0.001). In addition, the radiomics analysis was also able to correctly identify the disease even in the absence of active inflammation. CONCLUSION We concluded that the application of the radiomic approach constitutes a potential noninvasive tool to aid the diagnosis of sacroiliitis and for SpA subclassifications based on MRI of sacroiliac joints.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hollick RJ, Stelfox K, Dean LE, Shim J, Walker-Bone K, Macfarlane GJ. Outcomes and treatment responses, including work productivity, among people with axial spondyloarthritis living in urban and rural areas: a mixed-methods study within a national register. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1055-1062. [PMID: 32522742 PMCID: PMC7392479 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-216988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine differences in clinical and patient-reported outcomes, including work, in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) living in rural and urban settings. Methods Using a sequential, explanatory mixed-method design, data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Ankylosing Spondylitis were used to (1) characterise participants with axSpA living in rural and urban areas and (b) assess any differences in outcome after commencement of biologic therapy (phase 1). Semistructured interviews (phase 2) further explored the results from phase 1. Results Patients with axSpA living in rural areas were older and more likely to work in a physical job. Among patients prescribed biologics, there were no differences in response to biologics, but after adjustment for age, sex and local area deprivation rural dwellers reported more presenteeism and overall work impairment. Work effects could be explained by accounting for individual differences in disease activity, fatigue, physical function and job type. Interviews highlighted the complex relationship between clinical factors, contextual factors (work environment, job demands) and work disability. The ability to work and flexibility in terms of what, when and how tasks are undertaken were important. Support from employers was variable and healthcare professionals were often perceived as unsupportive. Conclusions Patients with axSpA living in rural areas report a greater impact of their disease on work productivity. New measures are needed to capture important contextual factors and comprehensively determine the impact of long-term conditions on work. Future European League Against Rheumatism axSpA recommendations should include support to work as a target to optimise quality of life in patients with axSpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Hollick
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kevin Stelfox
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda E Dean
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joanna Shim
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nadin T, Wallis D, Holroyd CR, D'Angelo S, Walker-Bone K, Edwards CJ. Amongst patients taking biologic therapies for axial spondyloarthritis, which factors are associated with work non-participation? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:209. [PMID: 32252744 PMCID: PMC7137257 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) frequently presents during working age and therefore impacts work participation. Biologic therapies have demonstrated a positive impact on work-related outcomes in clinical trials but real world data are limited. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and predictors of work impairment and disability among axSpA patients attending a biologic therapy clinic. Methods This was a single-centre, cross-sectional study of patients with axSpA treated with biologic therapy. Work participation was assessed with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire. Work outcomes (presenteeism, absenteeism, health-related job loss) were compared for gender, time since diagnosis, smoking status and disease outcome measures. Results Data were available for 165 patients (mean age 47.6 years, 75% male, 21% current smokers). Mean time since diagnosis was 15.5 years and mean duration of biologic therapy 4.7 years; 19/165 (11.5%) were on a tapered-dose regimen. Occupational data were available for 144 patients amongst whom 101 (70.1%) were either currently employed or in full time education. Of those eligible to work, 17/118 (14.4%) reported inability to work due to their axSpA. Amongst those in employment, 10.8% reported absenteeism due to axSpA in the week prior to their clinic visit (mean hours missed = 13). The mean work productivity impairment was 23%. Higher disease activity (BASDAI) and markers of global health, quality of life and pain, (BAS-G, ASQoL and spinal pain VAS) were associated with axSpA related job loss, absenteeism and presenteeism. Conclusions In this group of axSpA patients on biologic therapy (mean age 47.6 years), almost 1 in 6 (14.4%) reported axSpA related job loss. Poor work outcomes: axSpA-related work disability, absenteeism and presenteeism were associated with poorer scores for patient-reported disease outcome measures. Strategies for enhancing work productivity should be directed towards those patients at risk of poor work outcomes. More data are needed including details of the types of work that are most difficult with axSpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Nadin
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dinny Wallis
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Stefania D'Angelo
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Edwards
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goh Y, Kwan YH, Leung YY, Fong W, Cheung PP. A cross‐sectional study on factors associated with poor work outcomes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in Singapore. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:2001-2008. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Goh
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore City Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology National University Hospital Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yu Heng Kwan
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore City Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore City Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore City Singapore
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Warren Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore City Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore City Singapore
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Peter P. Cheung
- Division of Rheumatology National University Hospital Singapore City Singapore
| |
Collapse
|