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Elsadek MM, Wang S, Wu Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yu M, Guo Z, Wang Q, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhang D. Characterization of Bacillus spp. isolated from the intestines of Rhynchocypris lagowskii as a potential probiotic and their effects on fish pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106163. [PMID: 37209775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics sourced from fish intestinal microbiota have a merit over other bacterial sources due to colonization ability and effective time. This study aimed to evaluate the bacilli isolated from the Rhynchocypris lagowskii intestines and their validity as a probiotic. Three isolates were selected (LSG 2-5, LSG 3-7, and LSG 3-8) and defined by morphological and 16S rRNA analysis as Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Bacillus mojavensis, respectively. Results showed the strain tolerant abilities to gastrointestinal fluid, bile salt, pH, and temperature expotures. Additionally, all bacterial strains showed anti-pathogenic activity against at least four strains out of six tested pathogen strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella, and Aeromonas sobria). The bacterial strains also showed a high percentage of co-aggregation activity, more than 70%, with Aer. hydrophile, Staph. epidermidis, and Klebsiella aerogenes. At the same time, the results of competition, rejection, and substitution activity with Aer. hydrophila and Aer. veronii indicated the ability of the isolated strains to reduce the adhesion of pathogens to mucin. All strains showed safety properties, non-hemolytic, and sensitivity characteristics for most of tested antibiotics. In vivo test after injecting these strains into fish at various concentrations showed no side effects in the internal or external organs of fish compared to controls, proving that this is safe for these fish. Furthermore, the three strains produced lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes. The strains also showed bile salt hydrolase activity and biofilm formation, allowing them to tolerate stressful conditions. Conclusion: Based on these strains characteristics and features, they could be considered a promising candidate probiotic and can be used as an anti-pathogenic, especially in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elsadek
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Sibu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhenchao Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yurou Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mengnan Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Tonghua Normal University, College of Life Science, Jilin, Tonghua, 134001, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Dongming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, China.
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Abinaya M, Shanthi S, Palmy J, Al-Ghanim KA, Govindarajan M, Vaseeharan B. Exopolysaccharides-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Aquatic Diseases in Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus. TOXICS 2023; 11:313. [PMID: 37112540 PMCID: PMC10142482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fish disease outbreaks are a key concern for aquaculture. Complementary feed additives such as immunostimulants can serve as an ideal solution for disease prevention. Herein, we scrutinized the efficacy of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from probiotic Bacillus licheniformis and EPS-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (EPS-ZnO NPs) for a diet to evaluate growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune stimulation together with disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were separated into seven groups, with six experimental groups fed with EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs at 2, 5, and 10 mg/g and a control fed a basal diet. The fish ingesting feed supplemented with EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs at 10 mg/g showed improved growth performance. Cellular and humoral-immunological parameters were tested in serum and mucus after 15 and 30 days of feeding. These parameters were substantially enriched with a 10 mg/g diet (p < 0.05) of EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs in comparison with the control. Furthermore, the EPS and EPS-ZnO NP supplemental diet actively enhanced the antioxidant response (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). In addition, the supplemental diet of EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs lowered the death rate and improved the disease resistance of O. mossambicus following assessment with A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus at 50 µL. Hence, the overall results suggest that the supplemental diet of EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs might be used to ensure aquaculture feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Abinaya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sathappan Shanthi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Jesudasan Palmy
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Khalid A. Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.A.); (S.S.)
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de Moraes AV, Owatari MS, da Silva E, de Oliveira Pereira M, Piola M, Ramos C, Farias DR, Schleder DD, Jesus GFA, Jatobá A. Effects of Microencapsulated probiotics-supplemented diet on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal health and resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deb S, Das L, Das SK. Composition and functional characterization of the gut microbiome of freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia). Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2761-2770. [PMID: 32737543 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the community composition and functions of the gut microbiome of the freshwater omnivorous pufferfish based on metagenomic approach. Metagenome sequence data showed a dominance of the class Gammaproteobacteria followed by Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Anerolineae, Betaproteobacteria, Deinococci, Clostridia and Deltaproteobacteria. At the order level, the most abundant groups were Aeromonadales, Fusobacteriales, Enterobacterales, Synechococcales. The genus Aeromonas was the most predominant followed by Plesiomonas and Cetobacterium. Additionally, within the domain Archaea, class Methanomicrobia was most abundant followed by Hadesarchaea, Thermoplasmata, Candidatus Altiarchaeales, Candidatus Bathyarchaeota and Thermoprotei. The metabolic profile of the bacterial community exhibited a high prevalence of genes associated with core housekeeping functions, such as synthesis of cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups, pigments, amino acids and its derivatives, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Comparative analysis with other fish gut microbiome showing similarity in protein metabolism with carnivorous Salmon and carbohydrate metabolism with herbivorous grass carp respectively. This study describes the bacterial community compositions are influenced by the trophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Deb
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Lipika Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Subrata K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from the Gut of Blue Gourami (Trichogaster tricopters) and its Role on Growth. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ghanei-Motlagh R, Mohammadian T, Gharibi D, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Mahmoudi E, Khosravi M, Zarea M, El-Matbouli M. Quorum Quenching Properties and Probiotic Potentials of Intestinal Associated Bacteria in Asian Sea Bass Lates calcarifer. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010023. [PMID: 31888034 PMCID: PMC7024293 DOI: 10.3390/md18010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum quenching (QQ), the enzymatic degradation of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), has been suggested as a promising strategy to control bacterial diseases. In this study, 10 AHL-degrading bacteria isolated from the intestine of barramundi were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. They were able to degrade both short and long-chain AHLs associated with several pathogenic Vibrio species (spp.) in fish, including N-[(RS)-3-Hydroxybutyryl]-l-homoserine lactone (3-oh-C4-HSL), N-Hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-(β-Ketocaproyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL), N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C10-HSL), N-(3-Oxotetradecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C14-HSL). Five QQ isolates (QQIs) belonging to the Bacillus and Shewanella genera, showed high capacity to degrade both synthetic AHLs as well as natural AHLs produced by Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the well-diffusion method and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The genes responsible for QQ activity, including aiiA, ytnP, and aaC were also detected. Analysis of the amino acid sequences from the predicted lactonases revealed the presence of the conserved motif HxHxDH. The selected isolates were further characterized in terms of their probiotic potentials in vitro. Based on our scoring system, Bacillus thuringiensis QQ1 and Bacillus cereus QQ2 exhibited suitable probiotic characteristics, including the production of spore and exoenzymes, resistance to bile salts and pH, high potential to adhere on mucus, appropriate growth abilities, safety to barramundi, and sensitivity to antibiotics. These isolates, therefore, constitute new QQ probiotics that could be used to control vibriosis in Lates calcalifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanei-Motlagh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.G.-M.); (M.E.-M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-831351, Iran;
| | - Takavar Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-831351, Iran;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.M.-L.)
| | - Darioush Gharibi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-831351, Iran; (D.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.G.-M.); (M.E.-M.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.M.-L.)
| | - Esmaeil Mahmoudi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 158-81595, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-831351, Iran; (D.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Mojtaba Zarea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-831351, Iran;
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.G.-M.); (M.E.-M.)
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Nandi A, Dan SK, Banerjee G, Ghosh P, Ghosh K, Ringø E, Ray AK. Probiotic Potential of Autochthonous Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Four Freshwater Teleosts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:12-21. [PMID: 27557836 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (Channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (Mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (Labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. The isolates were further screened in response to fish bile tolerance and extracellular digestive enzyme activity. Two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 showed highest tolerance and extracellular enzymes activities, and selected for further studies. Antagonistic activity of these two isolates was further confirmed by in vitro growth inhibition assay against four selected fish pathogens in liquid medium. Finally, these two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 were selected as potential probiotic candidates and thus identification by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates MVF1 and MVH7 were identified as two strains of Bacillus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Nandi
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Suhas Kumar Dan
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Goutam Banerjee
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pinki Ghosh
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Golap Bag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713 104, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Breivika, Norway
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Banerjee G, Ray AK. Impact of microbial proteases on biotechnological industries. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2017; 33:119-143. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1408256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
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Banerjee G, Ray AK. The advancement of probiotics research and its application in fish farming industries. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:66-77. [PMID: 28157611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fish are always susceptible to a variety of lethal diseases caused by different types of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents. The unscientific management practises such as, over feeding, high stock densities and destructive fishing techniques increase the probability of disease symptoms in aquaculture industries. According to Food and Agriculture Association (FAO), each and every year several countries such as China, India, Norway, Indonesia, etc. face a huge loss in aquaculture production due to mainly bacterial and viral diseases. The use of antibiotics is a common practise in fish farming sectors to control the disease outbreak. However, the antibiotics are not long term friend because it creates selective pressure for emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer several beneficial effects to host (enhances immunity, helps in digestion, protects from pathogens, improves water quality, promotes growth and reproduction) and can be used as an alternative of antibiotics. In recent year, a wide range of bacteria have reported as potential probiotics candidates in fish farming sectors, however, Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. gain special attention due to their high antagonistic activities, extracellular enzyme production and availability. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancement in aquaculture probiotics research and its impact on fish health, nutrition, immunity, reproduction and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India; Center for Nature Conservation and Biosafety (CNCB Pvt. Ltd.; cncb.co.in), Cuttack, Odisha 754132, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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Banerjee G, Nandi A, Ray AK. Assessment of hemolytic activity, enzyme production and bacteriocin characterization of Bacillus subtilis LR1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:115-124. [PMID: 27590016 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, probiotic potential (antagonistic activity, enzyme production, hemolytic activity, biosafety, antibiotic sensitivity and bile tolerance level) of Bacillus subtilis LR1 was evaluated. Bacteriocin produced by the bacterial strain B. subtilis LR1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the purified bacteriocin was ~50 kDa in 12 % Native PAGE and showed inhibitory activity against four fish pathogens such as Bacillus mycoides, Aeromonas salmonicida, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aeromonas hydrophila. The purified bacteriocin was maximally active at temperature 40 °C and pH 7.0, while none of the tested surfactants affect the bacteriocin activity. Extracellular enzyme activity of the selected bacterial strain was also evaluated. Amylase activity was estimated to be highest (38.23 ± 1.15 µg of maltose liberated mg-1 protein ml-1 of culture filtrate) followed by cellulase and protease activity. The selected bacterium was sensitive to most of the antibiotics used in this experiment, can tolerate 0.25 % bile salt and non-hemolytic in nature. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed probiotic candidate was evaluated in in vivo condition. It was detected that the bacterial strain can effectively reduce bacterial pathogenicity in Indian major carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 7131235, India.
| | - Ankita Nandi
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 7131235, India
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 7131235, India
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Banerjee G, Nandi A, Dan SK, Ghosh P, Ray AK. Mode of Association, Enzyme Producing Ability and Identification of Autochthonous Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Two Indian Air-Breathing Fish, Murrel (Channa punctatus) and Stinging Catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12595-016-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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