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Schusterova P, Mudronova D, Penazziova KL, Hajduckova V, Csank T. Limosilactobacillus reuteri L26 Biocenol TM and its exopolysaccharide: Their influence on rotavirus-induced immune molecules in enterocyte-like cells. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:169-176. [PMID: 38841132 PMCID: PMC11148706 DOI: 10.17221/106/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri L26 BiocenolTM (L26) and its purified exopolysaccharide (EPS) with respect to antiviral innate immune response. In our experiment, we used porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells as a model of the intestinal barrier in a homologous infection by porcine Rotavirus A strain OSU6 (RVA). The production of selected molecules of non-specific humoral immunity was evaluated at the mRNA level. The EPS alone significantly increased the level of interferon λ3 (IFN-λ3) mRNA in the non-infected IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.001). We also tested whether the treatment of IPEC-J2 cells by L26 or EPS influences the replication of RVA by virus titration and real-time PCR. We found that a pre-treatment in combination with subsequent continuous stimulation has no influence on the RVA replication. However, both treatments significantly decreased the RVA-induced production of IFN-λ3 (P < 0.05) and the "SOS" cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6; P < 0.01), already at the transcription level. In addition, the EPS treatment resulted in significantly increased IL-10 mRNA in the RVA-infected cells. In summary, we assume an immunoregulatory potential of L. reuteri L26 BiocenolTM and its EPS in the local intestinal antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schusterova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Mudronova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Loziakova Penazziova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Vanda Hajduckova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Csank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Shaposhnikov LA, Tishkov VI, Pometun AA. Lactobacilli and Klebsiella: Two Opposites in the Fight for Human Health. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S71-S89. [PMID: 38621745 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance is currently very acute. Numerous research and development of new antibacterial drugs are being carried out that could help cope with various infectious agents. One of the promising directions for the search for new antibacterial drugs is the search among the probiotic strains present in the human gastrointestinal tract. This review is devoted to characteristics of one of these probiotic strains that have been studied to date: Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The review discusses its properties, synthesis of various compounds, as well as role of this strain in modulating various systems of the human body. The review also examines key characteristics of one of the most harmful among the currently known pathogenic organisms, Klebsiella, which is significantly resistant to antibiotics existing in medical practice, and also poses a great threat of nosocomial infections. Discussion of characteristics of the two strains, which have opposite effects on human health, may help in creation of new effective antibacterial drugs without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Shaposhnikov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Tishkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Pometun
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
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Yu Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Meng Q, Liu H, Yao Q, Song W, Ren X, Chen X. The role of potential probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri in various intestinal diseases: New roles for an old player. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1095555. [PMID: 36819028 PMCID: PMC9932687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a type of Lactobacillus spp., is a gut symbiont that can colonize many mammals. Since it was first isolated in 1962, a multitude of research has been conducted to investigate its function and unique role in different diseases as an essential probiotic. Among these, the basic functions, beneficial effects, and underlying mechanisms of L. reuteri have been noticed and understood profoundly in intestinal diseases. The origins of L. reuteri strains are diverse, with humans, rats, and piglets being the most common. With numerous L. reuteri strains playing significant roles in different intestinal diseases, DSM 17938 is the most widely used in humans, especially in children. The mechanisms by which L. reuteri improves intestinal disorders include protecting the gut barrier, suppressing inflammation and the immune response, regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism, and inhibiting oxidative stress. While a growing body of studies focused on L. reuteri, there are still many unknowns concerning its curative effects, clinical safety, and precise mechanisms. In this review, we initially interpreted the basic functions of L. reuteri and its related metabolites. Then, we comprehensively summarized its functions in different intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, infection-associated bowel diseases, and pediatric intestinal disorders. We also highlighted some important molecules in relation to the underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, L. reuteri has the potential to exert a beneficial impact on intestinal diseases, which should be further explored to obtain better clinical application and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xin Chen ✉
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Kazemi K, Gholami A. Recent advances in antiviral effects of probiotics: potential mechanism study in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3211-3228. [PMID: 35789756 PMCID: PMC9244507 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), progressively extended worldwide countries on an epidemic scale. Along with all the drug treatments suggested to date, currently, there are no approved management protocols and treatment regimens for SARS-CoV-2. The unavailability of optimal medication and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the requirement for alternative therapies. Probiotics are living organisms that deliberate beneficial effects on the host when used sufficiently and in adequate amounts, and fermented food is their rich source. Probiotics affect viruses by antiviral mechanisms and reduce diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. At this point, we comprehensively evaluated the antiviral effects of probiotics and their mechanism with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we suggested the conceptual and potential mechanisms of probiotics by which they could exhibit antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to the previous evidence concerning the mechanism of antiviral effects of probiotics. This study reviewed recent studies that speculate about the role of probiotics in the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm through the mechanisms such as induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6), inhibition of JAK signaling pathway, and act as HDAC inhibitor. Also, the recent clinical trials and their outcome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang Y, Moon A, Huang J, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Antiviral Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Probiotics as Promising Antivirals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928050. [PMID: 35734576 PMCID: PMC9207339 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics exert a variety of beneficial effects, including maintaining homeostasis and the balance of intestinal microorganisms, activating the immune system, and regulating immune responses. Due to the beneficial effects of probiotics, a wide range of probiotics have been developed as probiotic agents for animal and human health. Viral diseases cause serious economic losses to the livestock every year and remain a great challenge for animals. Moreover, strategies for the prevention and control of viral diseases are limited. Viruses enter the host through the skin and mucosal surface, in which are colonized by hundreds of millions of microorganisms. The antiviral effects of probiotics have been proved, including modulation of chemical, microbial, physical, and immune barriers through various probiotics, probiotic metabolites, and host signaling pathways. It is of great significance yet far from enough to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. The major interest of this review is to discuss the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics and to provide targets for the development of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
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Effect of Application of Probiotic Pollen Suspension on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:929-936. [PMID: 31912341 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of probiotic bacteria in invertebrates is still rare, scientists have begun to look into their usage in honey bees. The probiotic preparation, based on the autochthonous strain Lactobacillus brevis B50 Biocenol™ (CCM 8618), which was isolated from the digestive tracts of healthy bees, was applied to the bee colonies in the form of a pollen suspension. Its influence on the immune response was determined by monitoring the expression of genes encoding immunologically important molecules in the honey bee intestines. Changes in the intestinal microbiota composition were also studied. The results showed that the probiotic Lact. brevis B50, on a pollen carrier, significantly increased the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, defensin-1) as well as pattern recognition receptors (toll-like receptor, peptidoglycan recognition proteins). Gene expression for the other tested molecules included in Toll and Imd signaling pathways (dorsal, cactus, kenny, relish) significantly changed during the experiment. The positive effect on intestinal microbiota was manifested mainly by a significant increase in the ratio of lactic acid bacteria to enterobacteria. These findings confirm the potential of the tested probiotic preparation to enhance immunity in bee colonies and thus increase their resistance to infectious diseases and stress conditions.
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Tsai CY, Hu SY, Santos HM, Catulin GEM, Tayo LL, Chuang KP. Probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus velezensis enhances expression of immune regulatory genes against pigeon circovirus in pigeons (Columba livia). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1695-1704. [PMID: 33048404 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we aimed to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic and to assess its activity towards pigeons infected with pigeon circovirus (PiCV). METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus velezensis, isolated from pigeon faeces, was orally administered to pigeons for 60 days. After pigeons were challenged with PiCV, the PiCV viral load and expression of indicator genes for innate immunity were detected in spleen tissue and faeces of pigeons. Bacillus velezensis significantly reduced the PiCV viral load in the faeces and spleen of pigeons 5 days post-challenge (dpc). The mRNA expression levels of treated pigeons showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) genes were upregulated, whereas no expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) was detected. Moreover, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4) were significantly upregulated in probiotic-treated pigeons (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that probiotic supplementation can effectively enhance the T-helper type 1 immune response and decrease the PiCV viral loads in pigeons. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study proposes that the administration of a probiotic strain, B. velezensis, to pigeons can protect against PiCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Tsai
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - S-Y Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H M Santos
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - G E M Catulin
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - L L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - K P Chuang
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
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8
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Kaytez SK, Ocal R, Yumusak N, Celik H, Arslan N, Ibas M. Effect of probiotics in experimental otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 132:109922. [PMID: 32036169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The article's aim was to investigate the effects of probiotics in the experimental otitis media with effusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were used. They were divided into four groups. Experimental otitis media with effusion was created by intratympanic histamine injection. The effusion was confirmed by otomicroscopic examination 24 h after injection. Group 1; did not receive any treatment, group 2; received probiotics for 7 days after the detection of effusion, group 3; received probiotics for 7 days prior to injection of histamine, group 4; received probiotics for 7 days before injection of histamine and 7 days after detection of effusion. After detection of effusion, animals were sacrificed. Otomicroscopic evaluation was done to determine the effusion. In histopathological examination neutrophil leukocyte counts were determined in 25 areas of the sub-mucosa of the temporal bulla. RESULTS The otomicroscopic ear effusions' healing rate in group 1 was 10%, in group 2 was 25%, in group 3 was 50%, and in group 4 was 100% (p < 0,013). The mean counts of submucosal neutrophil leukocyte from 25 areas of the temporal bulla of group 1 was 86,8 ± 24, group 2 was 66,5 ± 21, group 3 was 66,2 ± 16, and group 4 was 26,3 ± 6,5 (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION Probiotics have a curative effect on the prevention and treatment of otitis media with effusion. This result may be related to their anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, probiotics can be widely used in the age group at risk for otitis media with effusion as a complementary therapy by dietary supplements. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Kargin Kaytez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ocal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihat Yumusak
- Department of Pathology, Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Hatiçe Celik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Necmi Arslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ibas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ermolenko EI, Desheva YA, Kolobov AA, Kotyleva MP, Sychev IA, Suvorov AN. Anti-Influenza Activity of Enterocin B In vitro and Protective Effect of Bacteriocinogenic Enterococcal Probiotic Strain on Influenza Infection in Mouse Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:705-712. [PMID: 30143997 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of scientific evidence demonstrating the antiviral activity of lactic-acids bacteria, little is known about the mechanism of their action. Previously, several bacteriocins isolated from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and some other microorganisms were reported as having antiviral activity in vitro. In the present study, chemically synthetized enterocin B (EntB) and the strain E. faecium L3, known as the producer of this peptide, were tested for activity against influenza viruses. The inhibition of cytopathic effect of А/Perth/16/2009(H3N2) and A/South Africa/3626/2013(H1N1) pdm influenza viruses in MDCK cells by chemically synthetized EntB was revealed. The EntB demonstrated antiviral activity at a concentration of 2.5-5 μg/ml depending on the dose of viruses. This peptide exhibited low toxicity in MDCK cells, causing partial damage of the monolayer of the cells only at a concentration above 10 μg/ml. It was also shown, that strain E. faecium L3-protected mice from lethal A/South Africa/3626/2013(H1N1) pdm infection. We speculate that this protective effect of enterococci may be associated with the specific action of enterocin B, which possesses antiviral activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Ermolenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Academician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia. .,Saint-Petersburg State University, 7-9 University Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Y A Desheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Academician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, 7-9 University Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A A Kolobov
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 7 Pudozhsakya str., Saint Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - M P Kotyleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Academician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - I A Sychev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Academician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - A N Suvorov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Academician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, 7-9 University Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Šefcová M, Larrea-Álvarez M, Larrea-Álvarez C, Karaffová V, Revajová V, Gancarčíková S, Ševčíková Z, Herich R. Lactobacillus fermentum Administration Modulates Cytokine Expression and Lymphocyte Subpopulation Levels in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Campylobacter coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:485-493. [PMID: 31977245 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation was performed to assess the supplementation of probiotics on cytokine expression and lymphocyte subpopulation in Campylobacter coli challenged chickens. Thirty-six individuals were equally separated into four experimental treatments: C = untreated chickens, LB = probiotic control (Lactobacillus fermentum), Cc = Campylobacter-challenged control, LBCc = probiotic + Cc. All chicks were slaughtered and cecum samples were collected on day 4 postinfection. Gene expression analysis, using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), revealed significant differences in cytokine transcript expression between untreated and probiotic-treated chickens. In addition, flow cytometry was used to quantitate the levels of lymphocyte subpopulations. Principal component analysis showed that probiotic administration induced an overall downregulation of cytokine expression. C. coli exposure provoked a similar response to that of L. fermentum but to a lesser extent. Colonization of C. coli in the presence of the probiotic evoked a complex response with an upregulation of some type II cytokines, including interleukin IL-4 and IL-13, which could explain the increased presence of antibodies in both lamina propria and epithelium. Moreover, despite that the percentage of CD8 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) was found to be higher, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-15, IL-16, and interferon γ was observed. This suggests that the detected CD8 are not effector cells but induced IELs, which release antimicrobial peptides, and are ready to be primed upon encountering antigen. These outcomes demonstrate that probiotic administration promotes a humoral response to a C. coli infection while dampening any potential inflammation mediated by effector T cells in 1-week-old chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Šefcová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Urcuquí-Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - César Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Urcuquí-Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Viera Karaffová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
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Mudroňová D, Karaffová V, Csank T, Király J, Revajová V, Gancarčíková S, Nemcová R, Pistl J, Vilček Š, Levkut M. Systemic immune response of gnotobiotic mice infected with porcine circovirus type 2 after administration of Lactobacillus reuteri L26 Biocenol™. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:951-961. [PMID: 30232907 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study we confirmed an antiviral activity of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri L26 which was mediated by stimulation of local intestinal immunity. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of L. reuteri L26 on the systemic immune response in gnotobiotic mice infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). A total of 30 germ-free mice were divided into 3 groups and animals in noninfected and infected control groups (NC and IC; n=10) received sterile de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe broth for 7 days and animals in experimental group L+PCV (n=10) were inoculated with L. reuteri L26. Subsequently, mice in L+PCV and IC groups were infected with PCV2; however, mice in the control group received virus cultivation medium (mock). The results showed an increase of percentage of cytotoxic cells (CD8+ and CD49b+CD8-) and oxidative burst of phagocytes, up-regulation of the gene expression of RANTES, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ and immunoglobulin A in blood above all in the later phase of infection (14 dpi) in L+PCV group accompanied by higher load of PCV2 in the serum. These findings indicate that L. reuteri L26 has a potential to induce systemic immune reaction, but in gnotobiotic mice immune stimulation can increase virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mudroňová
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - V Karaffová
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - T Csank
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Király
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - V Revajová
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - S Gancarčíková
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - R Nemcová
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Pistl
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Š Vilček
- 3 Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Levkut
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Mu Q, Tavella VJ, Luo XM. Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:757. [PMID: 29725324 PMCID: PMC5917019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that can colonize a large number of mammals. In humans, L. reuteri is found in different body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and breast milk. The abundance of L. reuteri varies among different individuals. Several beneficial effects of L. reuteri have been noted. First, L. reuteri can produce antimicrobial molecules, such as organic acids, ethanol, and reuterin. Due to its antimicrobial activity, L. reuteri is able to inhibit the colonization of pathogenic microbes and remodel the commensal microbiota composition in the host. Second, L. reuteri can benefit the host immune system. For instance, some L. reuteri strains can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting regulatory T cell development and function. Third, bearing the ability to strengthen the intestinal barrier, the colonization of L. reuteri may decrease the microbial translocation from the gut lumen to the tissues. Microbial translocation across the intestinal epithelium has been hypothesized as an initiator of inflammation. Therefore, inflammatory diseases, including those located in the gut as well as in remote tissues, may be ameliorated by increasing the colonization of L. reuteri. Notably, the decrease in the abundance of L. reuteri in humans in the past decades is correlated with an increase in the incidences of inflammatory diseases over the same period of time. Direct supplementation or prebiotic modulation of L. reuteri may be an attractive preventive and/or therapeutic avenue against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Ouyang T, Liu X, Ouyang H, Ren L. Mouse models of porcine circovirus 2 infection. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:23-28. [PMID: 30891543 PMCID: PMC6357427 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PCV2 is considered the main pathogen of porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD). However, the exact mechanism underlying PCVD/PCVAD is currently unknown. Mouse models of PCV2 are valuable experimental tools that can shed light on the pathogenesis of infection and will enable the evaluation of antiviral agents and vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of mouse models used in PCV2 research that has been performed to date, highlighting their strengths and limitations, as well as prospects for future PCV2 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ouyang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Animal Genome Editing of Jilin ProvinceCollege of Animal SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xiao‐hui Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Animal Genome Editing of Jilin ProvinceCollege of Animal SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Hong‐sheng Ouyang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Animal Genome Editing of Jilin ProvinceCollege of Animal SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Lin‐zhu Ren
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Animal Genome Editing of Jilin ProvinceCollege of Animal SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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Shonyela SM, Wang G, Yang W, Yang G, Wang C. New Progress regarding the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Live Delivery Vectors, Treatment of Diseases and Induction of Immune Responses in Different Host Species Focusing on <i>Lactobacillus</i> Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2017.74004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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