1
|
Testing Serum Albumins and Cyclodextrins as Potential Binders of the Mycotoxin Metabolites Alternariol-3-Sulfate, Alternariol-9-Monomethylether and Alternariol-9-Monomethylether-3-Sulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214353. [PMID: 36430830 PMCID: PMC9698663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol-9-monomethylether (AME), and their masked/modified derivatives (e.g., sulfates or glycosides), are common food contaminants. Their acute toxicity is relatively low, while chronic exposure can lead to the development of adverse health effects. Masked/modified metabolites can probably release the more toxic parent mycotoxin due to their enzymatic hydrolysis in the intestines. Previously, we demonstrated the complex formation of AOH with serum albumins and cyclodextrins; these interactions were successfully applied for the extraction of AOH from aqueous matrices (including beverages). Therefore, in this study, the interactions of AME, alternariol-3-sulfate (AS), and alternariol-9-monomethylether-3-sulfate (AMS) were investigated with albumins (human, bovine, porcine, and rat) and with cyclodextrins (sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, sugammadex, and cyclodextrin bead polymers). Our major results/conclusions are the following: (1) The stability of mycotoxin-albumin complexes showed only minor species dependent variations. (2) AS and AMS formed highly stable complexes with albumins in a wide pH range, while AME-albumin interactions preferred alkaline conditions. (3) AME formed more stable complexes with the cyclodextrins examined than AS and AMS. (4) Beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer proved to be highly suitable for the extraction of AME, AS, and AMS from aqueous solution. (5) Albumins and cyclodextrins are promising binders of the mycotoxins tested.
Collapse
|
2
|
Fliszár-Nyúl E, Bock I, Csepregi R, Szente L, Szabó I, Csenki Z, Poór M. Testing the protective effects of cyclodextrins vs. alternariol-induced acute toxicity in HeLa cells and in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103965. [PMID: 36031178 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi, it appears as a contaminant in tomatoes, grains, and grapes. The chronic exposure to AOH may cause carcinogenic and xenoestrogenic effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides, they form host-guest complexes with apolar molecules. In this study, the interactions of AOH with CD monomers and polymers were examined employing fluorescence spectroscopy. Thereafter, the protective effects of certain CDs vs. AOH-induced toxicity were investigated on HeLa cells and on zebrafish embryos. Our major observations are the following: (1) Sugammadex forms highly stable complex with AOH (K = 4.8 ×104 L/mol). (2) Sugammadex abolished the AOH-induced toxicity in HeLa cells, while native β-CD did not show relevant protective effect. (3) Each CD tested decreased the AOH-induced mortality and sublethal adverse effects in zebrafish embryos: Interestingly, native β-CD showed the strongest protective impact in this model. (4) CD technology may be suitable to relieve AOH-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Illés Bock
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - Rita Csepregi
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 13, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, Budapest H-1097, Hungary.
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Szente L, Poór M. Interactions of Mycotoxin Alternariol with Cyclodextrins and its Removal from Aqueous Solution by Beta-Cyclodextrin Bead Polymer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090428. [PMID: 31480370 PMCID: PMC6769471 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternariol is an Alternaria mycotoxin that appears in fruits, tomatoes, oilseeds, and corresponding products. Chronic exposure to it can induce carcinogenic and xenoestrogenic effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are ring-shaped molecules built up by glucose units, which form host–guest type complexes with some mycotoxins. Furthermore, insoluble CD polymers seem suitable for the extraction/removal of mycotoxins from aqueous solutions. In this study, the interactions of alternariol with β- and γ-CDs were tested by employing fluorescence spectroscopic and modeling studies. Moreover, the removal of alternariol from aqueous solutions by insoluble β-CD bead polymer (BBP) was examined. Our major observations/conclusions are the following: (1) CDs strongly increased the fluorescence of alternariol, the strongest enhancement was induced by the native γ-CD at pH 7.4. (2) Alternariol formed the most stable complexes with the native γ-CD (logK = 3.2) and the quaternary ammonium derivatives (logK = 3.4–3.6) at acidic/physiological pH and at pH 10.0, respectively. (3) BBP effectively removed alternariol from aqueous solution. (4) The alternariol-binding ability of β-CD polymers was significantly higher than was expected based on their β-CD content. (5) CD technology seems a promising tool to improve the fluorescence detection of alternariol and/or to develop new mycotoxin binders to decrease alternariol exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Faisal Z, Kunsági-Máté S, Lemli B, Szente L, Bergmann D, Humpf HU, Poór M. Interaction of Dihydrocitrinone with Native and Chemically Modified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071328. [PMID: 30987312 PMCID: PMC6479545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus genera. It appears as a contaminant in grains, fruits, and spices. After oral exposure to CIT, its major urinary metabolite, dihydrocitrinone (DHC) is formed, which can be detected in human urine and blood samples. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are ring-shaped molecules built up from glucose units. CDs can form host-guest type complexes with several compounds, including mycotoxins. In this study, the complex formation of DHC with native and chemically modified beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins was tested at a wide pH range, employing steady-state fluorescence spectroscopic and modeling studies. The weakly acidic environment favors the formation of DHC-CD complexes. Among the CDs tested, the quaternary-ammonium-γ-cyclodextrin (QAGCD) formed the most stable complexes with DHC. However, the quaternary-ammonium-β-cyclodextrin (QABCD) induced the strongest enhancement in the fluorescence signal of DHC. Our results show that some of the chemically modified CDs are able to form stable complexes with DHC (logK = 3.2–3.4) and the complex formation can produce even a 20-fold increase in the fluorescence signal of DHC. Considering the above-listed observations, CD technology may be a promising tool to increase the sensitivity of the fluorescence detection of DHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dominik Bergmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Degola F, Dall'Asta C, Restivo FM. Development of a simple and high-throughput method for detecting aflatoxins production in culture media. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:82-9. [PMID: 22568641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a simple, high-throughput and inexpensive procedure to detect and quantify aflatoxins into the culture media of growing mycelia. METHODS AND RESULTS Fungal conidia (Aspergillus flavus) were inoculated into the wells of a microplate containing 200 μl of different formulations of coconut-derived liquid medium. Time-dependent production of aflatoxins in the culture media was evaluated by a procedure relying on the UV-induced fluorescence emission by the toxin, using a microplate reader. These data were validated by comparison with the outputs of a conventional HPLC-based procedure. Determinations of aflatoxin concentration, according to the fluorimetric procedure, were performed either by withdrawing samples from the plates or by direct 'in situ' readings, the latter method reinforcing the high-throughput feature of the procedure. Fluorescence enhancers (cyclodextrins) did not ameliorate the sensitivity of the procedure to low concentrations of the toxin into the medium. The efficacy of the procedure was also validated by testing the effect on toxin yield of adding an antioxidant agent (α-lipoic acid) to the medium. CONCLUSIONS We give evidence that our improved procedure is reliable and suitable to analyse aflatoxin accumulation time course in coconut-derived culture medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that our procedure may profitably be used to give insights into the mechanisms of regulation of mycotoxin production and, consequently, to implement different strategies for the containment of aflatoxin contamination of food and feed commodities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Degola
- Department of Genetics Biology of Microorganisms Anthropology Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MS, Seo SR, Kim JC. A β-cyclodextrin, polyethyleneimine and silk fibroin hydrogel containingCentella asiaticaextract and hydrocortisone acetate: releasing properties andin vivoefficacy for healing of pressure sores. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:762-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Larionova D, Goryacheva I, Van Peteghem C, De Saeger S. Thin-layer chromatography of aflatoxins and zearalenones with β-cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conditions of thin-layer chromatography separation of related aflatoxins and zearalenones in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were studied. Effects of the stationary phase and mobile phase composition were investigated. Analytical conditions for the separation and simultaneous semi-quantitative fluorescence detection of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, zearalenone and α-zearalenol on normal-phase plates (silica gel, polyamide) and reversed-phase plates (C18) with cyclodextrin modified mobile phase were optimised. The limit of quantification was found 2 ng per spot for aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin B2, 3.5 ng for aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin G2 and 100 ng per spot for zearalenone and α-zearalenol. Addition of cyclodextrins to the mobile phase allowed a decrease in the amount of toxic solvents, and improved separation characteristics, but did not improve the limit of quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Larionova
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I. Goryacheva
- Chemistry Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - C. Van Peteghem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. De Saeger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Accetta A, Corradini R, Marchelli R. Enantioselective Sensing by Luminescence. LUMINESCENCE APPLIED IN SENSOR SCIENCE 2010; 300:175-216. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Shephard GS. Aflatoxin analysis at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1215-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Maragos CM. Photoreaction of indole-containing mycotoxins to fluorescent products. Mycotoxin Res 2009; 25:67-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-009-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Dall’Asta C, Faccini A, Galaverna G, Corradini R, Dossena A, Marchelli R. Complexation of zearalenone and zearalenols with native and modified β-cyclodextrins. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Recent advances in the development of novel materials for mycotoxin analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1205-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|