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Ofem KI, John K, Ediene VF, Kefas PK, Ede AM, Ezeaku VI, Pawlett M. Pedological data for the study of soils developed over a limestone bed in a humid tropical environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:628. [PMID: 37126114 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithological characteristics interact with other factors of soil formation to define soil genesis. This becomes more interesting as data on the mineral and elemental oxide components of soils developed from limestone are rarely available in the humid tropical environment. The present study investigated the elemental oxide content, forms of sesquioxides, and clay mineral species in some limestone soils. Soil samples were obtained from three (3) crestal soil profile pits and analyzed for elemental content by the use of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and sesquioxide forms by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Analyses were done in triplicates. The mineralogy of the clay fraction was determined on the A, B, and C horizon samples using an X-ray diffraction technique. The occurrence of SiO2 (203-277 g/kg), Al2O3 (65-105 g/kg), and Fe2O3 (14-95 g/kg) in substantial amounts over MnO2, ZrO2, and TiO2 with negligible quantities of CaO suggested comparatively more developed soils in the Agoi Ibami and Mfamosing tropical rainforests. Crystalline form of Fe was dominant over amorphous form, with indications of the co-migration of dithionite Fe with clay to the B horizons of the soils. Quartz, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and chlorite-vermiculite-montmorillonite interlayered minerals dominated the clay mineralogy of the studied soils. Mineral transformation places the soils at the transitory stage from the intermediate to the complete stage of soil development. The expanding clay minerals are most likely to increase plant nutrient adsorption and soil fertility status to accommodate the cultivation of a wider range of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokei Ikpi Ofem
- Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Cross River State, PMB 1115Etta Agbor Road, Calabar, 540004, Nigeria.
| | - Kingsley John
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Victoria Francis Ediene
- Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Cross River State, PMB 1115Etta Agbor Road, Calabar, 540004, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Katan Kefas
- Department of Soil and Land Resources, Taraba State University, Taraba State, PMB 1167, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - Alungbe Moses Ede
- Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Road, NsukkaNsukka, Enugu State, 410001, PMB, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ikemefuna Ezeaku
- Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Road, NsukkaNsukka, Enugu State, 410001, PMB, Nigeria
| | - Mark Pawlett
- School of Agrifood and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedfordshire, MK43 OAL, UK
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García-Jaramillo M, Trippe KM, Helmus R, Knicker HE, Cox L, Hermosín MC, Parsons JR, Kalbitz K. An examination of the role of biochar and biochar water-extractable substances on the sorption of ionizable herbicides in rice paddy soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135682. [PMID: 31784150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of biochar as a soil amendment can increase concentrations of soil organic matter, especially water-extractable organic substances. Due to their mobility and reactivity, more studies are needed to address the potential impact of biochar water-extractable substances (BWES) on the sorption of herbicides in agricultural soils that are periodically flooded. Two paddy soils (100 and 700 years of paddy soil development), unamended or amended with raw (BC) or washed biochar (BCW), were used to test the influence of BWES on the sorption behavior of the herbicides azimsulfuron (AZ) and penoxsulam (PE). The adsorption of AZ to biochar was much stronger than that to the soils, and it was adsorbed to a much larger extent to BC than to BCW. The depletion of polar groups in the BWES from the washed biochar reduced AZ adsorption but had no effect on PE adsorption. The adsorption of AZ increased when the younger soil (P100) was amended with BC and decreased when it was amended with BCW. In P700, which has lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content than P100, the adsorption of AZ increased regardless of whether biochar was raw or washed. The adsorption of PE slightly decreased when P100 was amended with BC or BCW and slightly increased when P700 was amended with BC or BCW. In order to evaluate compositional differences in the biochar and BWES before and after the washing treatment, we performed solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of BC and BCW, and high resolution mass spectrometry of BWES. Our observations stress the importance of proper consideration of soil and biochar properties before their incorporation into paddy soils, since biochar may reduce or increase the mobility of AZ and PE depending on soil properties and time of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel García-Jaramillo
- USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA; Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kristin M Trippe
- USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rick Helmus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heike E Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Lucía Cox
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Maria C Hermosín
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - John R Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karsten Kalbitz
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Soil Resources and Land Use, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Strasse 19, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
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