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Hajigholamreza H, Sharifzadeh A, Hassan J, Shokri H, Akbaripazouki A, Pakbin B, Tamai IA. Influence of menthol on biofilm formation, ergosterol content, and cell surface hydrophobicity of Candida glabrata. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad065. [PMID: 37429611 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to synthetic antifungals has become one of the leading public health challenges around the world. Accordingly, novel antifungal products like naturally occurring molecules can be one of the potential ways to reach efficient curative approaches to control candidiasis. This work evaluated the effect of menthol on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), biofilm formation, growth, and ergosterol content of Candida glabrata, a yeast with a high resistance against antifungal agents. Disc diffusion method (susceptibility to synthetic antifungals), broth micro-dilution method (Susceptibility to menthol), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (biofilm formation), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique (ergosterol content), and adherence to n-hexadecane (CSH) were employed to determine the influence of menthol against C. glabrata isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of menthol versus C. glabrata was 1250-5000 µg/mL (mean ± SD: 3375 ± 1375 µg/mL). The mean rate of C. glabrata biofilm formation was decreased up to 97.67%, 81.15%, 71.21%, 63.72%, 47.53%, 26.31%, and 0.051% at 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10 000, 20 000, and 40 000 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. The percentages of CSH were significant in groups treated with MIC/2 (17.51 ± 5.52%) and MIC/4 (26 ± 5.87%) concentrations of menthol. Also, the percentage changes in membrane ergosterol were 15.97%, 45.34%, and 73.40% at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL concentrations of menthol, respectively, in comparison with untreated control. The results showed the menthol impact versus sessile and planktonic C. glabrata cells, and the interference with ergosterol content, CSH, and biofilm formation, which made it a potent natural antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hajigholamreza
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Aghil Sharifzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Jalal Hassan
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Shokri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol 4615664616, Iran
| | - Ali Akbaripazouki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, Sion 2 1950, Switzerland
| | - Iradj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
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Mahendran G, Verma SK, Rahman LU. The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114266. [PMID: 34087400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae), commonly called Spearmint, is wildly cultivated worldwide for its remarkable aroma and commercial value. In addition to traditional foods flavouring agent, M. spicata is well known for its traditional medicinal uses, particularly for the treatment of cold, cough, asthma, fever, obesity, jaundice and digestive problems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to critically appraise scientific literature regarding the traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of M. spicata. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature information on M. spicata was searched from scientific electronic search databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, Springer and SCOPUS. Structures for secondary metabolites were confirmed using PubChem and ChemSpider. RESULTS The studies conducted on either crude extracts, essential oil or isolated pure compounds from M. spicata had reported a varied range of biological effects including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal activity, antigenotoxic potential and antiandrogenic activities. Phytochemical analysis of various parts of M. spicata revealed 35 chemical constituents, belonging to phenolic acids, flavonoids and lignans. CONCLUSION The review finding indicates that the pharmacological properties of M. spicata supported its traditional uses. The essential oils and extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. However, more studies, especially in vivo experiments and clinical trials of the human to evaluate cellular and molecular mechanisms based pharmacological, bioactive effectiveness and safety investigation, should be undertaken in the future to provide stronger scientific proof for their traditional medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Mahendran
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sanjeet Kumar Verma
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Laiq-Ur Rahman
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Screening of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Micromeria fruticosa serpyllifolia Volatile Oils: A Comparative Study of Plants Collected from Different Regions of West Bank, Palestine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4851879. [PMID: 32733942 PMCID: PMC7378623 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4851879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The investigation of volatile oils used in traditional medicine is vital to enhance the quality of healthcare. This study is aimed at screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Micromeria fruticosa serpyllifolia volatile oils from three different regions in Palestine (north, middle, and south). Methods. Volatile oils of three samples of M. fruticosa serpyllifolia were extracted using the microwave-ultrasonic apparatus. The antioxidant activity of the volatile oils was assessed by inhibition of DPPH free radical. The antimicrobial activity was examined using the broth microdilution method. Assessment of antifungal activity was achieved using the agar dilution method. Results. Screening the biological activity of plant extracts revealed that the sample from Ramallah (middle region) possessed the most potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.45 μg/mL. The three samples exhibited broad antimicrobial activity and showed potential antifungal activity. The sample from the southern region showed the highest potency against Shigella sonnei with the lowest reported MIC; the sample from the northern region demonstrated the least potency against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and “methicillin”-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions. The study showed that Micromeria fruticosa serpyllifolia volatile oil samples from different regions in Palestine possess different potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that were in line with traditional uses of the plant extracts.
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Iraji A, Yazdanpanah S, Alizadeh F, Mirzamohammadi S, Ghasemi Y, Pakshir K, Yang Y, Zomorodian K. Screening the antifungal activities of monoterpenes and their isomers against Candida species. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1541-1551. [PMID: 32506599 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increasing the occurrence of non-albicans Candida species with intrinsic or acquired resistance to antifungals as well as the emergence of multidrug Candida species coupled with the limited antifungal agents challenges the treatment of candidiasis. Consequently, a class of secondary metabolites of plants exhibiting decent antifungal activity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of various monoterpenes including Carvone, Limonene, Pinene, Menthone, Menthol, Camphor, Thujone, Citronellol, and Piperitone against standard and clinical isolates of Candida. METHODS AND RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of compounds were determined, using the broth Microdilution method based on M27-A3 protocol documented by clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI). Amongst the tested monoterpenes, oxygenated terpenoids showed strong antifungal activity. Specifically, alcoholic terpenoids such as (±)-Citronellol possess more efficacy than the corresponding ketonic ones with MICs ranging from 0·03 to 2·00 μl ml-1 (0·16-10·80 mmol l-1 ). Among the examined yeasts, Candida tropicalis was the most susceptible species to (±)-Citronellol. Moreover, the examined monoterpenes successfully inhibited the growth of fluconazole-resistant Candida species. Moreover, statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the (+) and (-) isomers, except for (±)-α-Pienene and (±) Menthone (ρ-value < 0·05). CONCLUSION Among the tested monoterpenes, (±)-Citronellol was the most potent compounds followed by (+)-α-Pinene and Menthol. Considering the significant antifungal activity of the examined monoterpenes, they could be used in controlling or treating candidiasis. Those potent antifungal monoterpenes with GRAS status in addition to their pleasant taste and odour make them appropriate additive or preservative compounds in food and cosmetics products. Furthermore, these data might help researchers to predict EOs antifungal activities, after determining its constituents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides new information about the antifungal activities of monoterpenes and their isomers presented widely in essential oils. Screening results against pathogenic yeasts confirm the correlation between the chemical structure of tested monoterpenes and their antifungal effects. The present findings might be helpful to anticipate the antifungal activity of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Mirzamohammadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Y Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Y Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - K Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Açıkgöz MA. Determination of essential oil compositions and antimicrobial activity of Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. at different plant parts and phenological stages. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1750496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Akif Açıkgöz M. Evaluation of Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Properties of
Achillea gypsicola
at Different Phenological Stages. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900373. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Scartazzini L, Tosati JV, Cortez DHC, Rossi MJ, Flôres SH, Hubinger MD, Di Luccio M, Monteiro AR. Gelatin edible coatings with mint essential oil ( Mentha arvensis): film characterization and antifungal properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:4045-4056. [PMID: 31477976 PMCID: PMC6706513 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, mint essential oil (MEO) was added into gelatin films and antifungal activity was evaluated. Five concentrations of MEO (0, 0.06, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50% (g/g gelatin)) were incorporated into gelatin solutions. The films were prepared by casting and characterized for their barrier properties, mechanical resistance, morphology, thermal and antifungal activity. The addition of oil into the solution slightly improved water vapor barrier, increased thickness and opacity, decreased transparency and modified thermal and mechanical properties of films. With addition of oil above 0.38%, the films were effective against the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, indicating an inhibitory activity. Thus, gelatin-based edible films incorporated with MEO showed to be an effective way to inhibit microbial growth on the film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Scartazzini
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - J. V. Tosati
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - D. H. C. Cortez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - M. J. Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - S. H. Flôres
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - M. D. Hubinger
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
| | - M. Di Luccio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - A. R. Monteiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
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Hovijitra RS, Choonharuangdej S, Srithavaj T. Effect of essential oils prepared from Thai culinary herbs on sessile Candida albicans cultures. J Oral Sci 2017; 58:365-71. [PMID: 27665976 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.15-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although medicinal herbs with fungicidal effects have been ubiquitously employed in traditional medicine, such effects of culinary herbs and spices still have to be elucidated. Therefore, it is noteworthy to determine the antifungal efficacy of some edible herbs used in Thai cuisine against sessile Candida albicans cultures, and to inquire if they can be further utilized as naturally-derived antifungals. Fourteen essential oils extracted from Thai culinary herbs and spices were tested for their antifungal activity against C. albicans using the agar disk diffusion method followed by broth micro-dilution method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration. The oils with potent antifungal effects against planktonic fungi were then assessed for their effect against sessile fungus (adherent organisms and established biofilm culture). MIC of the oils against sessile C. albicans was evaluated by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction assay. All selected culinary herbs and spices, except galangal, garlic, and turmeric, exhibited inhibitory effects on planktonic yeast cells. Cinnamon bark and sweet basil leaf essential oils exhibited potent fungicidal effect on planktonic and sessile fungus. Sessile MICs were 8-16 times higher than planktonic MICs. Consequently, both cinnamon bark and sweet basil leaf herbal oils seem to be highly effective anti-Candida choices. (J Oral Sci 58, 365-371, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray S Hovijitra
- Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
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Khaligh P, Salehi P, Bararjanian M, Aliahmadi A, Khavasi HR, Nejad-Ebrahimi S. Synthesis and in Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel 4-Substituted 1-Menthyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1589-1596. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Khaligh
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
| | - Morteza Bararjanian
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
| | - Atousa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
| | - Hamid Reza Khavasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University
| | - Samad Nejad-Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
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Zeng H, Chen X, Liang J. In vitro antifungal activity and mechanism of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) on dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:93-103. [PMID: 25351709 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.077768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fennel seed essential oil (FSEO) is a plant-derived natural therapeutic against dermatophytes. In this study, the antifungal effects of FSEO were investigated from varied aspects, such as MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration, mycelia growth, spore germination and biomass. The results indicated that FSEO had potent antifungal activities on Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 40051, Trichophyton tonsurans 10-0400, Microsporum gypseum 44693-1 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 10-0060, which is better than the commonly used antifungal agents fluconazole and amphotericin B. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy experiments suggested that the antifungal mechanism of FSEO was to damage the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. Further study revealed that it could also inhibit the mitochondrial enzyme activities, such as succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and ATPase. With better antifungal activity than the commonly used antifungal agents and less possibility of inducing drug resistance, FSEO could be used as a potential antidermatophytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jingnan Liang
- Instrument Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100000 Beijing, PR China
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Immunological and parasitological parameters in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice treated with crude extract from the leaves of Mentha x piperita L. Immunobiology 2014; 219:627-32. [PMID: 24767421 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by an intravascular trematode of the genus Schistosoma. Praziquantel is the drug used for treatment of schistosomiasis; nevertheless failure of treatment has been reported. Consequently, the identification of new effective schistosomicidal compounds is essential to ensure the effective control of schistosomiasis in the future. In this work we investigated the immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of the crude leaves extract of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Female Balb/c mice were infected each with 50 S. mansoni cercariae and divided into three experimental groups: (I) untreated; (II) treated daily with M. x piperita L. (100mg/kg) and III) treated on 1/42/43 days post-infection with Praziquantel (500mg/kg). Another group with uninfected and untreated mice was used as a control. Subsequently, seven weeks post-infection, S. mansoni eggs were counted in the feces, liver and intestine. Worms were recovered by perfusion of the hepatic portal system and counted. Sera levels of IL-10, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, IgG1, IgE and IgG2a were assayed by ELISA. Animals treated with a daily dose of M. x piperita L. showed increased sera levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, IgG2a and IgE. Besides, M. x piperita L. treatment promoted reduction in parasite burden by 35.2% and significant decrease in egg counts in the feces and intestine.
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Abbaszadeh S, Sharifzadeh A, Shokri H, Khosravi AR, Abbaszadeh A. Antifungal efficacy of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and menthol as alternative agents to control the growth of food-relevant fungi. J Mycol Med 2014; 24:e51-6. [PMID: 24582134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work is an attempt to examine the antifungal activity of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and menthol against 11 food-decaying fungi. METHODS The susceptibility test for the compounds was carried out in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) using microdilution method in 96 multi-well microtiter plates. RESULTS Results indicated that all compounds were effective to varying extents against various fungal isolates, with the highest efficacy displayed by carvacrol (mean MIC value: 154.5 μg/mL) (P<0.05). The incorporation of increased concentrations of all compounds to the media led to progressive and significant reduction in growth for all fungi. The most potent inhibitory activity of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and menthol was found for Cladosporium spp. (MIC: 100 μg/mL), Aspergillus spp. (MIC: 100 μg/mL), Cladosporium spp. (MIC: 350 μg/mL), and Aspergillus spp. and Cladosporium spp. (MIC: 125 μg/mL), respectively. CONCLUSION Thus, the application of these herbal components could be considered as a good alternatives to inhibit fungal growth and to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abbaszadeh
- Baqiyatallah university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Sharifzadeh
- Mycology research center, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Shokri
- Faculty of veterinary medicine, Amol university of special modern technologies, 24th aftab, Imam Khomeini street, Amol, Iran.
| | - A R Khosravi
- Mycology research center, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Abbaszadeh
- Kermanshah university of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Dut Jasuja N, Choudhary J, Sharama P, Sharma N, C. Joshi S. A Review on Bioactive Compounds and Medicinal Uses of Commiphora mukul. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jps.2012.113.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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