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Issaka S, Traoré O, Longué RDS, Pinel-Galzi A, Gill MS, Dellicour S, Bastide P, Guindon S, Hébrard E, Dugué MJ, Séré Y, Semballa S, Aké S, Lemey P, Fargette D. Rivers and landscape ecology of a plant virus, Rice yellow mottle virus along the Niger Valley. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab072. [PMID: 36819970 PMCID: PMC9927878 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the spread of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) along the Niger River, regular sampling of virus isolates was conducted along 500 km of the Niger Valley in the Republic of Niger and was complemented by additional sampling in neighbouring countries in West Africa and Central Africa. The spread of RYMV into and within the Republic of Niger was inferred as a continuous process using a Bayesian statistical framework applied previously to reconstruct its dispersal history in West Africa, East Africa, and Madagascar. The spatial resolution along this section of the Niger River was the highest implemented for RYMV and possibly for any plant virus. We benefited from the results of early field surveys of the disease for the validation of the phylogeographic reconstruction and from the well-documented history of rice cultivation changes along the Niger River for their interpretation. As a prerequisite, the temporal signal of the RYMV data sets was revisited in the light of recent methodological advances. The role of the hydrographic network of the Niger Basin in RYMV spread was examined, and the link between virus population dynamics and the extent of irrigated rice was assessed. RYMV was introduced along the Niger River in the Republic of Niger in the early 1980s from areas to the southwest of the country where rice was increasingly grown. Viral spread was triggered by a major irrigation scheme made of a set of rice perimeters along the river valley. The subsequent spatial and temporal host continuity and the inoculum build-up allowed for a rapid spread of RYMV along the Niger River, upstream and downstream, over hundreds of kilometres, and led to the development of severe epidemics. There was no evidence of long-distance dissemination of the virus through natural water. Floating rice in the main meanders of the Middle Niger did not contribute to virus dispersal from West Africa to Central Africa. RYMV along the Niger River is an insightful example of how agricultural intensification favours pathogen emergence and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oumar Traoré
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale (LVBV), Laboratoire National de Biosécurité, Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso
| | - Régis Dimitri Skopé Longué
- Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques pour le Développement (LaSBAD), Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Bangui, Bangui BP 908, République Centrafricaine
| | - Agnès Pinel-Galzi
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro., Montpellier cedex 5 BP 64501 34394, France
| | - Mandev S Gill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium,Spatial Epidemiology Lab. (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, 50, av. FD Roosevelt, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Paul Bastide
- IMAG – UMR 5149, Université de Montpellier, Case courrier 051, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Stéphane Guindon
- Department of Computer Science, LIRMM, CNRS and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eugénie Hébrard
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro., Montpellier cedex 5 BP 64501 34394, France
| | - Marie-Jo Dugué
- Agronomy and Farming Systems, 3 avenue des Cistes, Saint Mathieu de Tréviers 34270, France
| | - Yacouba Séré
- Agricultural Research and Development, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 1324, Burkina Faso
| | - Silla Semballa
- Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques pour le Développement (LaSBAD), Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Bangui, Bangui BP 908, République Centrafricaine
| | - Séverin Aké
- UFR Biosciences, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’Ivoire
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