Turret exostosis of the talus

Imaging of solitary and multiple osteochondromas: From head to toe - A review

Osteochondromas account for 20%-50% of all benign bone lesions. These tumors may present as solitary non-hereditary lesions, which are the most common presentation, or as multiple tumors associated with hereditary conditions. Plain radiography is the imaging method of choice and demonstrates the typical cortical and medullary continuity of the tumor with the underlying bone. Magnetic resonance imaging is often performed to evaluate cartilage cap thickness, which correlates with malignant transformation. Other local complications include compression of adjacent neurovascular bundles, muscles, and tendons, bursitis, tendon tears, stalk fracture, and angular or rotational long bone deformities. Although the imaging features of osteochondromas are largely known, only a few papers in the literature have focused on their main complications and image-based follow-up. This paper aimed to illustrate the main complications of osteochondromas, suggest an image-based algorithm for management and follow-up and discuss differential diagnosis.

Impinging exostoses of the proximal radius: a report of two cases with distinct clinical features

Owing to the rotatory motion of proximal radius and the closely apposed anatomic structures, cortically based osseous lesions at the level of the proximal forearm may produce symptomatic impingement. While osseous impingement onto the adjacent proximal ulna may result in limited forearm rotation, impingement on the surrounding soft-tissue structures may produce symptoms as well. Here, we describe two cases of symptomatic proximal radius exostosis, each of which produced distinct clinical symptoms. In the first case, impingement on the posterior interosseous nerve produced symptoms of radiating forearm pain and paresthesia resembling radial tunnel syndrome. In the second case, impingement of the exostosis on the distal biceps tendon resulted in painful mechanical snapping with rotation of the forearm. In both cases, symptoms rapidly improved after surgical excision.

First presentation of a Nora-lesion of the talus in a paraossal fasciitis

Nora-Lesion is a proliferation that normally develops out of an intact corticalis. The entity of this fibroostotic pseudotumor, as discussed in literature, is triggered from repeating trauma or reactive periosteitis. In the literature, there are more than 200 cases defined as Nora lesion. In the daily routine of medical offices or ambulances, the Nora- Lesion should be established as a differential diagnosis for a swelling of the foot. Our case report of a 49-year-old patient is the worldwide first description of a Nora lesion of the talus, as well as secondary of the calcaneus. In the immense differential diagnosis discussion for bony pathologies of the hindfoot the Nora-lesion should be now added.

Subungual Exostosis Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

The coexistence of deformity of the nail bed and subungual exostosis (SE) is a frequent finding in podiatric practice in the fourth and fifth decades of life. However, it has been described by other specialists as being an uncommon osteocartilaginous tumor most prevalent during the second and third decades of life. This study attempts to determine the causes of this discrepancy.

METHODS

Two authors independently conducted a systematic bibliographic review in multiple databases, podiatry sources and others, and key words were chosen to achieve a broad search strategy. Studies reporting on epidemiology and treatment of SE lesions in lower extremities in ten or more patients were selected. Initially, 197 articles were identified through database screening, with 23 meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven articles with the ages of all of the patients were included in the analysis of age data. A comparison was then made between the diagnostic criteria for the selected 23 articles.

RESULTS

Model results reveal that, although there are some significant differences between individual studies, the main factor tested (patient's age) was clearly significant ( F_1,5.2 = 78.12, P < .001), showing that studies coming from the podiatry speciality were conducted on individuals with a mean age of 37 years higher than in studies from other specialties. Clinical and radiologic characteristics and treatment described in the podiatry literature also contrast with those in other specialties.

CONCLUSIONS

The SE described by podiatrists, in accordance with the parameters of true exostosis, is different from Dupuytren's SE and should be considered as a different pathologic entity. The authors are working on its histologic identification.

Differential diagnosis of BPOP arising in relation to patella

INTRODUCTION

Solitary exostosis is common at the metaphysis of long bones, and rarely may it develop in the lower pole of the patella. Usually it stops growing after skeletal maturity unless complicated. When the growth continues after skeletal maturity, other rare possibilities need to be considered such as bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP). Though solitary exostosis is common at the metaphysis of long bones, very rarely it also develops in lower pole of the patella. Usually they stop growing after skeletal maturity unless complicated. When it starts after skeletal maturity and continues to grow, other rare possibilities like bizarre parostealosteochondromatousproliferation (BPOP) are to be thought of.

CASE REPORT

21 years male student presented with anterior midline painless progressive swelling over right knee joint of one year duration which was hard, non-tender, fixed to patella but mobile with patella. X ray showed midline heterogeneously radio-opaque swelling attached to inferolateral aspect of the anterior surface of patella. Patellar out line is fully maintained except the narrow site of tumour attachment. After exposing through midline incision, the swelling was found to incorporate the patellar tendon completely and an anterior vertical midline cleavage was found. The mass was deliberately detached along the cleavage and from intact patellar tendon. Almost full range of knee movement is obtained in operation table. Immediate post operative 10° quadriceps lag was corrected with quadriceps setting exercises in two weeks time. Histopathological examination demonstrated thin layer of cartilage cover, irregular lamellar bone in deeper zone and spindle cells between them without cytoplasmic atypia. Plenty of cartilage cells in different stages of maturation are seen without column formation. Marrow elements are absent. Periosteum could not be demonstrated and there was no other evidence of malignancy. Features simulate 'bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation'. There is no recurrence in five years of follow up.

CONCLUSION

When exostosis like lesions arise from unusual site and at an unusual age group, other rare conditions need to be investigated. Though the final diagnosis of BPOP is obtained after careful histo-pathological examination, the clinico-radiological findings are also relevant. As literature search indicates, this is possibly second incidence where BPOP arised from sesamoid bone and first from patella.