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Zhou X, Xie Z, He J, Lin H, Xiao J, Wang H, Fang J, Gao J. Unintentional injury deaths among children under five in Hunan Province, China, 2015-2020. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5530. [PMID: 37016022 PMCID: PMC10073091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury is the most common cause of preventable morbidity and death among children under five. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of injury-related mortality rates in children under five and to provide evidence for future preventive strategies. Data were obtained from the Under Five Child Mortality Surveillance System in Hunan Province, China, 2015-2020. Injury-related mortality rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by year, residence, gender, age, and major injury subtype (drowning, suffocation, traffic injuries, falls, and poisoning). And crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to examine the association of epidemiological characteristics with injury-related deaths. The Under Five Child Mortality Surveillance System registered 4,286,087 live births, and a total of 22,686 under-five deaths occurred, including 7586 (which accounted for 33.44% of all under-five deaths) injury-related deaths. The injury-related under-five mortality rate was 1.77‰ (95% CI 1.73-1.81). Injury-related deaths were mainly attributed to drowning (2962 cases, 39.05%), suffocation (2300 cases, 30.32%), traffic injuries (1200 cases, 15.82%), falls (627 cases, 8.27%), and poisoning (156 cases, 2.06%). The mortality rates due to drowning, suffocation, traffic injuries, falls, and poisoning were 0.69‰ (95% CI 0.67,0.72), 0.54‰ (95% CI 0.51,0.56), 0.28‰ (95% CI 0.26,0.30), 0.15‰ (95% CI 0.13,0.16), and 0.04‰ (95% CI 0.03,0.04), respectively. From 2015 and 2020, the injury-related mortality rates were 1.78‰, 1.77‰, 1.60‰, 1.78‰, 1.80‰, and 1.98‰, respectively, and showed an upward trend (χ2trend = 7.08, P = 0.01). The injury-related mortality rates were lower in children aged 0-11 months than in those aged 12-59 months (0.52‰ vs. 1.25‰, OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.39-0.44), lower in urban than rural areas (1.57‰ vs. 1.88‰, OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.88), and higher in males than females (2.05‰ vs . 1.45‰, OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.35-1.49). The number of injury-related deaths decreased with children's age. Injury-related deaths happened more frequently in cold weather (around February). Almost half (49.79%) of injury-related deaths occurred at home. Most (69.01%) children did not receive treatment after suffering an injury until they died, and most (60.98%) injury-related deaths did not receive treatment because it was too late to get to the hospital. The injury-related mortality rate was relatively high, and we have described its epidemiological characteristics. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these phenomena. Our study is of great significance for under-five child injury intervention programs to reduce injury-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiqun Xie
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jian He
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
| | - Junqun Fang
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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