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Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Brain Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225598. [PMID: 34830758 PMCID: PMC8615723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumors in adults and are the main cause of cancer-associated death. Omics analysis of BM will allow for a better understanding of metastatic progression, prognosis and therapeutic targeting. In this study, BM samples underwent comprehensive molecular profiling with genomics and transcriptomics. Mutational signatures suggested that most mutations were gained prior to metastasis. A novel copy number event centered around the MCL1 gene was found in 75% of all samples. Transcriptomics revealed that melanoma BM formed a distinct cluster in comparison to other subtypes. Poor survival correlated to self-identified black race and absence of radiation treatment but not molecular profiles. These data identify potential new drivers of brain metastatic progression, implicate that melanoma BM are distinctive and likely responsive to unique therapies, and further investigation of sociodemographic and clinical features are needed in BM cohorts. Abstract Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumors in adults occurring in up to 40% of all cancer patients. Multi-omics approaches allow for understanding molecular mechanisms and identification of markers with prognostic significance. In this study, we profile 130 BM using genomics and transcriptomics and correlate molecular characteristics to clinical parameters. The most common tumor origins for BM were lung (40%) followed by melanoma (21%) and breast (15%). Melanoma and lung BMs contained more deleterious mutations than other subtypes (p < 0.001). Mutational signatures suggested that the bulk of the mutations were gained before metastasis. A novel copy number event centered around the MCL1 gene was found in 75% of all samples, suggesting a broader role in promoting metastasis. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of transcriptional signatures available in 65 samples based on the hallmarks of cancer revealed four distinct clusters. Melanoma samples formed a distinctive cluster in comparison to other BM subtypes. Characteristics of molecular profiles did not correlate with survival. However, patients with self-identified black race or those who did not receive radiation correlated with poor survival. These data identify potential new drivers of brain metastatic progression. Our data also suggest further investigation of sociodemographic and clinical features is needed in BM cohorts.
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Shoji Y, Furuhashi S, Kelly DF, Bilchik AJ, Hoon DSB, Bustos MA. Current status of gastrointestinal tract cancer brain metastasis and the use of blood-based cancer biomarker biopsy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:61-69. [PMID: 33950411 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) frequently occurs in patients with cutaneous melanoma, lung, and breast cancer; although, BM rarely arises from cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The reported incidence of GIT cancer BM is less than 4%. In the last few years, effective systemic therapy has prolonged the survival of GIT patients and consequently, the incidence of developing BM is rising. Therefore, the epidemiology and biology of BM arising from GIT cancer requires a more comprehensive understanding. In spite of the development of new therapeutic agents for patients with metastatic GIT cancers, survival for patients with BM still remains poor, with a median survival after diagnosis of less than 4 months. Limited evidence suggests that early detection of isolated intra-cranial lesions will enable surgical resection plus systemic and/or radiation therapy, which may lead to an increase in overall survival. Novel diagnostic methods such as blood-based biomarker biopsies may play a crucial role in the early detection of BM. Circulating tumor cells and circulating cell-free nucleic acids are known to serve as blood biomarkers for early detection and treatment response monitoring of multiple cancers. Blood biopsy may improve early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of GIT cancers BM, thus prolonging patients' survivals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Satoru Furuhashi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Daniel F Kelly
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Anton J Bilchik
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Matias A Bustos
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
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Libby CJ, Gc S, Benavides GA, Fisher JL, Williford SE, Zhang S, Tran AN, Gordon ER, Jones AB, Tuy K, Flavahan W, Gordillo J, Long A, Cooper SJ, Lasseigne BN, Augelli-Szafran CE, Darley-Usmar V, Hjelmeland AB. A role for GLUT3 in glioblastoma cell invasion that is not recapitulated by GLUT1. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:101-115. [PMID: 33843470 PMCID: PMC8043167 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1903684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted roles of metabolism in invasion have been investigated across many cancers. The brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive and metabolically plastic tumor with an inevitable recurrence. The neuronal glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) was previously reported to correlate with poor glioma patient survival and be upregulated in GBM cells to promote therapeutic resistance and survival under restricted glucose conditions. It has been suggested that the increased glucose uptake mediated by GLUT3 elevation promotes survival of circulating tumor cells to facilitate metastasis. Here we suggest a more direct role for GLUT3 in promoting invasion that is not dependent upon changes in cell survival or metabolism. Analysis of glioma datasets demonstrated that GLUT3, but not GLUT1, expression was elevated in invasive disease. In human xenograft derived GBM cells, GLUT3, but not GLUT1, elevation significantly increased invasion in transwell assays, but not growth or migration. Further, there were no changes in glycolytic metabolism that correlated with invasive phenotypes. We identified the GLUT3 C-terminus as mediating invasion: substituting the C-terminus of GLUT1 for that of GLUT3 reduced invasion. RNA-seq analysis indicated changes in extracellular matrix organization in GLUT3 overexpressing cells, including upregulation of osteopontin. Together, our data suggest a role for GLUT3 in increasing tumor cell invasion that is not recapitulated by GLUT1, is separate from its role in metabolism and survival as a glucose transporter, and is likely broadly applicable since GLUT3 expression correlates with metastasis in many solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Libby
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sajina Gc
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Mitochondria Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Fisher
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah E Williford
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anh Nhat Tran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily R Gordon
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Amber B Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kaysaw Tuy
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William Flavahan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA, USA
| | - Juan Gordillo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashlee Long
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Brittany N Lasseigne
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB IMPACT Fund, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondria Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Chukwueke UN, Brastianos PK. Precision Medical Approaches to the Diagnoses and Management of Brain Metastases. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2019; 20:49. [PMID: 31062107 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Brain metastases represent a common and devastating complication of cancer with survival on the order of a few months in most patients. Melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer remain the primary disease histologies with the highest rates of metastatic spread to the brain. The incidence of brain metastases has continued to rise, likely explained by multiple factors. Improvement in progression-free survival in systemic cancer is likely attributable to advances in medical therapy, earlier supportive and symptomatic care, and improved precision around diagnosis and detection. In this context, longer survival and improved extracranial control disease has likely contributed to the increased development of metastatic spread intracranially. The foundation of management remains systemic therapy, as well as a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. In the era of targeted therapies, specific agents have demonstrated improved CNS penetration, however with varying degrees of durable responses. Most patients develop resistance to targeted agents, limiting their duration of use for patients. In this era of personalized medicine, the role of genomic characterization in cancer has been critical in the field of brain metastases, as alterations unique to both the brain metastases and its systemic predecessor have been identified, potentially offering new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugonma N Chukwueke
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Sun B, Huang Z, Wu S, Ding L, Shen G, Cha L, Wang J, Song S. Cystic brain metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74006-74014. [PMID: 27659537 PMCID: PMC5342031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Brain metastasis (BM) with a cystic component from breast cancer is rare and largely uncharacterized. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of cystic BM in a large cohort of breast cancer patients. Results A total of 35 eligible patients with cystic BM and 255 patients with solid BM were analyzed. Three factors were significantly associated with an increased probability of developing cystic lesions: age at diagnosis ≤ 40 years, age at BM ≤ 45 years, and poor histological grade (p < 0.05). Patients with cystic metastasis were also characterized by a larger metastasis volume, a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) following their first treatment for BM, and poor overall survival after BM (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that local control of cystic BM was only potentially achieved for HER2-negative primary tumors (p = 0.084). Methods Breast cancer patients with parenchymal BM were reviewed from consecutive cases treated at our institution. Cystic BM was defined when the volume of a cystic lesion was greater than 50% of the aggregated volume of all lesions present. Clinicopathologic and radiographic variables were correlated with development of cystic lesions and with prognosis of cystic BM. Conclusions This study shows that cystic BM from breast cancer, a special morphological type of BM, had worse prognosis than the more commonly observed solid BM. Younger age and low tumor grade were associated with the development of cystic lesions. Further comprehensive research and management of cystic BM are warranted to improve its poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shikai Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ge Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lei Cha
- Department of Science and Technology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Junliang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Santai Song
- Department of Breast Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed impressive advances in cancer treatment ushered in by targeted and immunotherapies. However, with significantly prolonged survival, upon recurrence, more patients become inflicted by brain metastasis, which is mostly refractory to all currently available therapeutic regimens. Historically, brain metastasis is an understudied area in cancer research, partly due to the dearth of appropriate experimental models that closely simulate the special biological features of metastasis in the unique brain environment and to the sophistication of techniques required to perform in-depth studies of the extremely complex and challenging brain metastasis. Yet, with increasing clinical demand for more effective treatment options, brain metastasis research has rapidly advanced in recent years. The present review spotlights the recent major progresses in basic and translational studies of brain metastasis with focuses on new animal models, novel imaging technologies, omics "big data" resources, and some new and exciting biological insights on brain metastasis.
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Sharma G, Lian CG, Lin WM, Amin-Mansour A, Jané-Valbuena J, Garraway L, Bao W, Yoon CH, Ibrahim N. Distinct genetic profiles of extracranial and intracranial acral melanoma metastases. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 43:884-91. [PMID: 27251777 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge of the genetic alterations in acral melanoma metastases at different anatomic sites. Here, we characterized the genetic abnormalities of metastases in a 51-year-old man with stage IIIC heel melanoma who developed concomitant brain and cutaneous metastases in spite of multiple treatment modalities. METHODS Melanoma cells were isolated following palliative resection of the patient's cortical tumor and biopsy of cutaneous thigh metastasis. Mutational analysis using polymerase chain reaction amplification and BLAST, as well as exome sequencing (160 Mb coverage) was performed on the tumors, cell lines generated thereof and normal lymph nodes. RESULTS All specimens had neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog Q61K mutations. There was a 40-fold higher somatic mutation frequency in the brain metastasis compared to the cutaneous metastasis. The former showed truncations of DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1 and MSH2), and non-canonical BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), PIK3CA and NF-1 mutations not observed in the extracranial lesion. Genomic profiling of each cell line was concordant with the respective original tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS We present the mutational differences between brain and cutaneous acral melanoma metastases in a patient with concomitant lesions. Further genetic and functional studies are needed to understand the biology of metastatic disease appearing at different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William M Lin
- Program of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Amin-Mansour
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judit Jané-Valbuena
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Levi Garraway
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendi Bao
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nageatte Ibrahim
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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