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Gupta S, Chandna N, Singh AK, Jain N. Regioselective Synthesis of N 2-Alkylated-1,2,3 Triazoles and N 1-Alkylated Benzotriazoles: Cu 2S as a Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Oxidative Amination of N, N-Dimethylbenzylamines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3226-3235. [PMID: 29463081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper chalcogenide nanoparticles (Cu2S) synthesized for the first time from a single-source precursor, CuSPh, act as highly efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for regioselective amination of N, N-dimethylbenzylamines with various azoles. The reaction involves N-H/C-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) and demonstrates wide functional group tolerance. It provides highly selective access to N1-alkylated benzotriazoles, N2-alkylated 1,2,3-triazoles and 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazoles, and N-alkylated carbazoles in 70-89% yields under solvent-free conditions. The Cu2S nanocatalyst has been characterized by PXRD, XPS, SEM-EDX, and HR-TEM analysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction follows a radical pathway and involves an iminium ion intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , New Delhi , India 110016
| | - Nisha Chandna
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , New Delhi , India 110016
| | - Ajai K Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , New Delhi , India 110016
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , New Delhi , India 110016
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Deev SL, Paramonov AS, Shestakova TS, Khalymbadzha IA, Chupakhin ON, Subbotina JO, Eltsov OS, Slepukhin PA, Rusinov VL, Arseniev AS, Shenkarev ZO. 15N-Labelling and structure determination of adamantylated azolo-azines in solution. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2535-2548. [PMID: 29259663 PMCID: PMC5727827 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the accurate chemical structures of synthesized compounds is essential for biomedical studies and computer-assisted drug design. The unequivocal determination of N-adamantylation or N-arylation site(s) in nitrogen-rich heterocycles, characterized by a low density of hydrogen atoms, using NMR methods at natural isotopic abundance is difficult. In these compounds, the heterocyclic moiety is covalently attached to the carbon atom of the substituent group that has no bound hydrogen atoms, and the connection between the two moieties of the compound cannot always be established via conventional 1H-1H and 1H-13C NMR correlation experiments (COSY and HMBC, respectively) or nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY or ROESY). The selective incorporation of 15N-labelled atoms in different positions of the heterocyclic core allowed for the use of 1H-15N (JHN) and 13C-15N (JCN) coupling constants for the structure determinations of N-alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocycles in solution. This method was tested on the N-adamantylated products in a series of azolo-1,2,4-triazines and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. The syntheses of adamantylated azolo-azines were based on the interactions of azolo-azines and 1-adamatanol in TFA solution. For azolo-1,2,4-triazinones, the formation of mixtures of N-adamantyl derivatives was observed. The JHN and JCN values were measured using amplitude-modulated 1D 1H spin-echo experiments with the selective inversion of the 15N nuclei and line-shape analysis in the 1D 13С spectra acquired with selective 15N decoupling, respectively. Additional spin-spin interactions were detected in the 15N-HMBC spectra. NMR data and DFT (density functional theory) calculations permitted to suggest a possible mechanism of isomerization for the adamantylated products of the azolo-1,2,4-triazines. The combined analysis of the JHN and JCN couplings in 15N-labelled compounds provides an efficient method for the structure determination of N-alkylated azolo-azines even in the case of isomer formation. The isomerization of adamantylated tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-ones in acidic conditions occurs through the formation of the adamantyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey L Deev
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Julia O Subbotina
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S Eltsov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A Slepukhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander S Arseniev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Katritzky AR, Rachwal S. Synthesis of Heterocycles Mediated by Benzotriazole. 1. Monocyclic Systems. Chem Rev 2009; 110:1564-610. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900204u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Stanislaw Rachwal
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthetic application of benzotriazole derivatives in the last 20 years has resulted in over 1000 scientific papers on the subject. This fact is reflected in Section 5.01.7, which involves almost a half of the volume of this chapter. The section is arranged according to hybridization of the C-α atom and atomic numbers of the atoms in positions β and γ to allow an easy access to the material of interest. Recent discovery of copper catalysis in [3+2] cycloadditions of azides to acetylenes, the so-called ‘click chemistry’, which boosted application of the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, especially in medicinal chemistry, is presented in Section 5.01.9. From the point of view of practical applications, Section 5.01.11 is organized according to the number, position, and combination of the substituents at the aromatic rings. Another novel feature that has no precedence in the previous editions of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry is an addition of triazole and benzotriazole complexes with various transitions metals to Section 5.01.4.
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Martínezmendoza JM, Vázquez López EA, Esparza RM, Alamo MF, Klimova EI. Formation of pyridazino[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives upon [4+2]cycloaddition of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to cross-conjugated monoferrocenyltrienes. J Heterocycl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Le ZG, Chen ZC, Hu Y. (Bmim)Br3 as a New Reagent for Regioselective Monobromination of Phenols and Several Activated Aromatics under Solvent-free Conditions. CHINESE J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200591537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yap GPA, Jové FA, Claramunt RM, Sanz D, Alkorta I, Elguero J. The X-Ray Molecular Structure of 1-(2′,4′-Dinitrophenyl)-1,2,3-triazole and the Problem of the Orthogonal Interaction Between a 'Pyridine-Like' Nitrogen and a Nitro Group. Aust J Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/ch05238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the title compound serves for a discussion about the topic of orthogonal interactions. This interaction, although weak, is important due to its peculiar geometry. Other examples from the Cambridge Crystallographic Database, together with theoretical calculations are reported.
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