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Xiao P, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Yan W. Accuracy and adaptation of one-piece endodontic crowns fabricated through 3D printing and milling. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00363-9. [PMID: 38880678 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM High-level evidence regarding the accuracy and adaptation of 1-piece endodontic crowns fabricated by using 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy and adaptation of 1-piece endodontic crowns produced through 3D printing and computer-numerical-control milling technology and to explore the influence of trueness on 1-piece endodontic crown adaptation. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-piece endodontic crowns were prepared for a typodont right mandibular first molar, scanned with a 3Shape E3 scanner, and designed with a computer-aided design software program. Two types of 1-piece endodontic crowns were fabricated: 3D printed by using resin and zirconia slurry and milled from Grandio and zirconia blocks. A reverse engineering software program was used to superimpose 4 groups of crowns with the reference crowns used for accuracy analysis. Microcomputed tomography was used to measure 1-piece endodontic crown adaptation. The correlation between trueness and adaptation was evaluated through the Spearman correlation test (α=.05). RESULTS Milled resin-based 1-piece endodontic crowns demonstrated better trueness on marginal and occlusal surfaces compared with 3D printed ones (P<.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the trueness of intaglio surfaces between the 2 groups (P>.05). The milled group exhibited better adaptations than the printed one (P<.05). For zirconia 1-piece endodontic crowns, no significant differences were found in trueness or adaptation between the milled and printed groups (P>.05). Notably, the trueness of the axial wall had the greatest impact on overall crown adaptation, with its adaptation closely linked to the trueness of each area, particularly the axial wall. CONCLUSIONS Milled resin-based 1-piece endodontic crowns exhibited higher levels of trueness and adaptation compared with 3D printed ones, while 3D printed zirconia 1-piece endodontic crowns were comparable with milled ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiao
- Graduate student, Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ziting Zheng
- Graduate student, Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Doctoral student, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Graduate student, Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Professor, Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Suksuphan P, Krajangta N, Didron PP, Wasanapiarnpong T, Rakmanee T. Marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of milled and 3D-printed CAD/CAM hybrid dental crown materials with various occlusal thicknesses. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:326-335. [PMID: 37438119 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of three computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing hybrid dental materials with different occlusal thicknesses. METHODS Ninety single-molar crowns were digitally fabricated using a milled hybrid nanoceramic (Cerasmart, CE), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN, Vita Enamic, VE), and 3D-printed materials (Varseosmile, VS) with occlusal thicknesses of 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm (10 specimens/group). Anatomical 3D-printed resin dies (Rigid 10K) were used as supporting materials. A CEREC MCX milling unit and a DLP-based 3D printer, Freeform Pro 2, were utilized to produce the crown samples. Before cementation, the marginal adaptation, absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), and marginal gap (MG) were assessed using micro-CT scanning. After cementation with self-adhesive resin cement, fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine. The number of fractured crowns and the maximum fracture values (N) were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using both one- and two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. RESULTS For all occlusal thicknesses, the VS crowns demonstrated the lowest AMD and MG distances, significantly different from those of the other two milling groups (P < 0.05), whereas CE and VE did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). All VS crowns were fractured using the lowest loading forces (1480.3±226.1 to 1747.2±108.7 N). No CE and 1 and 1.5 mm VE crowns fractured under a 2000 N maximum load. CONCLUSIONS All hybrid-material crowns demonstrated favorable marginal adaptation within a clinically acceptable range, with 3D printing yielding superior results to milling. All materials could withstand normal occlusal force even with a 0.8 mm occlusal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisit Suksuphan
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Krajangta
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | | | | | - Thanasak Rakmanee
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
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Kakinuma H, Koyama S, Kondo T, Harata T, Furukawa H, Egusa H. In vitro evaluation of shape-memory hydrogels for removable dental prostheses and optimization of phase-transition temperature for intraoral use. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:708.e1-708.e8. [PMID: 38383280 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Removable dental prostheses require periodic relining with the loss of intaglio surface fit because of mucosal shape changes over time. Therefore, a new material with high adaptability to tissue changes over time would be beneficial. PURPOSE This study focused on a shape-memory gel (SMG) that softens when heated, retains its shape when cooled, and returns to its original shape when reheated. The purpose was to optimize SMG for intraoral use by controlling the ratio of 2 acrylate monomers and to evaluate the changes in the shape memory and physical properties of SMG with temperature and to evaluate biocompatibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS SMG specimens were synthesized using the following mixing ratios of 2 monomers, docosyl acrylate (DA) and stearyl acrylate (SA): 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. SMG specimens were photopolymerized using a fluorescent light-polymerizing unit. To evaluate shape memory as a function of temperature, permanent deformation was measured based on the standardized compression set test for thermoplastic rubber. For evaluation of the physical properties and cytotoxicity, a 3-dimensionally printed denture base material was used as the control material. All assessments were compared between the groups by using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test (α=.05). RESULTS SMGs with a higher amount of DA maintained their compressed shape at room and intraoral temperatures. However, the SMG matrices softened and recovered their original shapes above 60 °C. SMGs showed Shore A hardness equivalent to that of the denture-base polymer material at intraoral temperatures because of the high phase-transition temperature. The low water solubility of SMGs supported the biocompatibility test results. CONCLUSIONS SMG, in which the phase-transition temperature was controlled by mixing acrylate monomers with different melting points, exhibited shape memory in the intraoral environment. The results indicate the feasibility of applying SMG for the fabrication of removable dental prostheses because of its high adaptability to tissue changes over time and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kakinuma
- Graduate student, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeto Koyama
- Associate Professor, Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Assistant Professor, Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harata
- Dental Technician, Dental Laboratory, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Furukawa
- Professor, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
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Farag E, Sabet A, Ebeid K, El Sergany O. Build angle effect on 3D-printed dental crowns marginal fit using digital light-processing and stereo-lithography technology: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38212816 PMCID: PMC10785357 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of 3D printing technology and build angle on the marginal fit of printed crowns is unclear. The objective of this research was to use digital light processing (DLP) and stereo-lithography (SLA)-based 3D printing to construct single restorations with varied build angles and to analyze the crowns' marginal fit. METHODS A prepared resin first molar was scanned utilizing an optical scanner. Three build orientations were used to construct the specimens: 0, 45, and 90º. DLP and SLA technology were used to produce the casting patterns. A digital microscope was used to measure the marginal gaps. The effect of build orientation was statistically analyzed by using Two-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey test. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of printer technology and build angle on the marginal discrepancy of 3D printed crowns (p < 0.001). One-way ANOVA revealed that SLA printers (55.6 [± 13.59]) showed significantly better mean [± SD] marginal discrepancy in µm than DLP printers (72 [± 13.67]) (p < 0.001). Regarding build angle, one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the different angles. Tukeys post-hoc test revealed that 0° (48.5 [± 9.04]) had the significantly smallest marginal discrepancy followed by 45° (62.5 [± 8.05]) then 90° (80.5 [± 8.99]) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The build orientation affects the marginal discrepancy of single crowns manufactured utilizing DLP and SLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Farag
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sabet
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal Ebeid
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omar El Sergany
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Cantó-Navés O, Michels K, Figueras-Alvarez O, Fernández-Villar S, Cabratosa-Termes J, Roig M. In Vitro Comparison of Internal and Marginal Adaptation between Printed and Milled Onlays. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6962. [PMID: 37959559 PMCID: PMC10650727 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Nowadays, milling is still the gold standard for fabricating indirect restorations, but to overcome its disadvantages, there are alternatives, such as 3D printing. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the gaps between the prepared tooth and milled and printed onlays fabricated with the same CAD design. It also aimed to determine the gap reproducibility across onlays fabricated by 3D printing and milling. METHODS A resin tooth was prepared for an onlay. After scanning the preparation, an onlay was designed with proprietary dental software. Next, 22 onlays were milled in a graphene-reinforced PMMA disc (Group 1), and 22 onlays were 3D-printed with a hybrid composite material (Group 2). After that, all fabricated restorations were scanned and superimposed on the scanned prepared resin tooth. Subsequently, a specific software was used to measure the margin, central, and intaglio-located gap between the milled or printed restoration and the preparation. Finally, measurements were compared with a multifactor analysis of variance. RESULTS The results demonstrated that printed onlays (Group 2) adapted better to the prepared tooth than the milled ones (Group 1) (p < 0.05). The comparison of standard deviations showed the better gap reproducibility of printed onlays (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study concluded that the printed onlays adapted significantly better to the prepared tooth than the milled onlays. Printed onlays also showed significantly better gap reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Cantó-Navés
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Kyra Michels
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oscar Figueras-Alvarez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Sandra Fernández-Villar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Josep Cabratosa-Termes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Miguel Roig
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
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