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Hu J, Lin W, Lin B, Wu K, Fan H, Yu Y. Persistent DNA methylation changes in zebrafish following graphene quantum dots exposure in surface chemistry-dependent manner. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:370-375. [PMID: 30466017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Modified nano-graphene quantum dots (M-GQDs) are widely used in bioimaging, drug delivery, and chemical engineering. Because M-GQDs could induce reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, we hypothesized that M-GQDs modulate DNA methylation. To test this hypothesis, zebrafish were exposed to reduced, hydroxylated, or aminated GQDs (graphene quantum dots) at different concentrations for 7 days; global DNA methylation in liver, gill, and intestine was then studied. M-GQDs induced global DNA hypermethylation in various tissues in a dose-dependent manner. The global DNA methylation of reduced and aminated GQDs exposure showed a significant increase in intestines even at low concentrations (2 mg/L), suggesting that intestines are the main target for these two M-GQDs. The effects of global DNA methylation were evaluated 14 days after exposure had ceased. DNA methylation in the livers of exposure groups was significantly higher than in control zebrafish. Global DNA methylation increased in livers of zebrafish even after exposure to aminated GQDs (2 mg/L) had ceased, indicating a more complex mechanism of DNA methylation deregulation. The present results showed that chemical groups in the surface of GQDs are a critical factor for modulating DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Boji Lin
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kangming Wu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongbo Fan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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Berlin JM, Leonard AD, Pham TT, Sano D, Marcano DC, Yan S, Fiorentino S, Milas ZL, Kosynkin DV, Katherine Price B, Lucente-Schultz RM, Wen X, Gabriela Raso M, Craig SL, Tran HT, Myers JN, Tour JM. Effective drug delivery, in vitro and in vivo, by carbon-based nanovectors noncovalently loaded with unmodified Paclitaxel. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4621-36. [PMID: 20681596 PMCID: PMC2935702 DOI: 10.1021/nn100975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many new drugs have low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a classic example of this type of compound. Here we show that extremely small (<40 nm) hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) that are PEGylated (PEG-HCCs) are effective drug delivery vehicles when simply mixed with paclitaxel. This formulation of PTX sequestered in PEG-HCCs (PTX/PEG-HCCs) is stable for at least 20 weeks. The PTX/PEG-HCCs formulation was as effective as PTX in a clinical formulation in reducing tumor volumes in an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Preliminary toxicity and biodistribution studies suggest that the PEG-HCCs are not acutely toxic and, like many other nanomaterials, are primarily accumulated in the liver and spleen. This work demonstrates that carbon nanomaterials are effective drug delivery vehicles in vivo when noncovalently loaded with an unmodified drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Ashley D. Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tam T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Shayou Yan
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stefania Fiorentino
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zvonimir L. Milas
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dmitry V. Kosynkin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - B. Katherine Price
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | | - XiaoXia Wen
- Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - M. Gabriela Raso
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Craig
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hai T. Tran
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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