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Jeong MY, Kim MJ, Lim YJ, Kwon HB. Evaluation of eccentric tooth contact on a semi-adjustable articulator by using an occlusal analysis system. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:34-41. [PMID: 35246320 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Duplicating mandibular movement with a semi-adjustable articulator has been reported to lack accuracy. However, although previous studies have analyzed articulator movement, few have compared excursive tooth contact on the articulator with tooth contact during actual mandibular movement. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the concordance of semi-adjustable articulator contacts with intraoral contacts during eccentric movements by using a T-scan occlusal analysis system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-two participants with normal occlusion and without signs of temporomandibular disorder were analyzed for the reproducibility of eccentric tooth contact on a semi-adjustable articulator. Maxillary casts made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions were mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator with the facebow. The condylar inclination of the articulator was set by using interocclusal records. Three recordings of right and left excursive mandibular movement and protrusive mandibular movement were made in the supine position by using the T-scan v9.1. The same procedure was then performed with the articulator. The results of complete mandibular movement from T-scan measurements were divided into 4 time points for analysis: T0, T1, T2, and T3. The concordance of intraoral and articulator occlusal contacts was evaluated at each point, and the occlusal force for each tooth was compared. Overall concordance and concordance of the working and nonworking sides were also calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences between the concordance of intraoral and articulator contacts according to mandibular movement direction, time, and working and nonworking sides (α=.01). RESULTS For all teeth, concordance between the intraoral and articulator occlusal contacts during excursive mandibular movement was greatest at T0, decreasing at T1 and T2, and increasing at T3. No significant differences were found in the concordance among the right lateral, left lateral, and protrusive excursion (P>.01). The concordance of working side occlusal contacts during lateral excursion was significantly lower at T3 than that at T0 (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS When comparing intraoral and articulator contacts during lateral eccentric mandibular movement, concordance was affected by time and working or nonworking side. Reproducibility of initial eccentric tooth contact on a semi-adjustable articulator appeared to be reliable. However, occlusal adjustment of the working side might be required after prosthesis delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Jeong
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lim
- Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Beom Kwon
- Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jauregi M, Amezua X, Iturrate M, Solaberrieta E. Improving the precision of recordings acquired with digital occlusal analyzers: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00503-6. [PMID: 37661547 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A technique to improve the precision of recordings acquired with the 2 main digital occlusal analyzers on the market (T-Scan and OccluSense) is presented. This technique consists of using digital occlusal analyzers with a customizable centering tray. The virtual design of the centering tray is available online, together with that of the adapters required for both digital occlusal analyzers. The designs can be downloaded and additively manufactured for clinical use. These parts improve the positioning of the piezoelectric film sensors of the digital occlusal analyzers in the patient's mouth and thus the precision of their records. Improving the precision of the records of the digital occlusal analyzers is especially important for the comparison of records obtained at different stages of rehabilitation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Jauregi
- Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xabier Amezua
- Assistant Professor, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Iturrate
- Assistant Professor, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eneko Solaberrieta
- Professor, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
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Jauregi M, Amezua X, Iturrate M, Solaberrieta E. Repeatability and reproducibility of 2 digital occlusal analyzers for measuring the right- and left-side balance of occlusal contact forces: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00490-0. [PMID: 37661548 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Although different digital occlusal analyzers have been marketed, comparative studies are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the repeatability and reproducibility of 2 different digital occlusal analyzers (T-Scan and OccluSense) for measuring the right- and left-side balance of occlusal contact forces. MATERIAL AND METHODS The repeatability and reproducibility of the 2 digital occlusal analyzers for measuring the balance of occlusal contact forces were determined and compared by using the Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility tests based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 5725-2 and ISO 5725-3 standards. Ten different dental casts were mounted in the maximum intercuspation position on a semi-adjustable articulator. Then, the balance of occlusal contact forces in each of the 10 articulated dental casts was measured 24 times with each of the 2 digital occlusal analyzers. In addition, as the OccluSense, unlike the T-Scan, does not have a centering support for the piezoelectric film sensor, measurements with it were performed without and with a custom-designed and manufactured centering support. Finally, the repeatability and reproducibility of both digital occlusal analyzers were determined and compared using the Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility tests. RESULTS The repeatability and reproducibility tests revealed that only 0.8% of the variance of the measurements obtained with the T-Scan was due to repeatability and reproducibility (0.4% repeatability, 0.4% reproducibility). In contrast, 12% of the variance of the measurements obtained with the OccluSense was due to repeatability and reproducibility (2.2% repeatability, 9.8% reproducibility). However, when using OccluSense with the centering support, the variance decreased to 6.4% (2.8% repeatability, 3.6% reproducibility). According to the Automotive Industry Action Group classification, the repeatability and reproducibility of the T-Scan were good, those of the OccluSense poor, and those of the OccluSense with the centering support medium. CONCLUSIONS The repeatability and reproducibility of the T-Scan were significantly better than those of the OccluSense for measuring the balance of occlusal contact forces. Furthermore, the repeatability and reproducibility of the OccluSense were significantly improved when used with a device to center the piezoelectric film sensor between the incisors. Nevertheless, the repeatability and reproducibility of the T-Scan were better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Jauregi
- Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xabier Amezua
- Assistant Professor, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Iturrate
- Assistant Professor, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eneko Solaberrieta
- Professor, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
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Zhao Z, Wang Q, Li J, Zhou M, Tang K, Chen J, Wang F. Construction of a novel digital method for quantitative analysis of occlusal contact and force. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:190. [PMID: 37005643 PMCID: PMC10067253 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occlusal analysis is essential in the dental clinical practice. However, the traditional occlusal analysis performed on the two-dimensional level can not directly correspond to the tooth surface with three-dimensional profile, therefore the clinical guidance value is limited. METHODS By combining the 3D digital dental models and quantitative data from 2D occlusal contact analysis, this study constructed a novel digital occlusal analysis method. The validity and reliability of DP and SA were verified by comparing the results of occlusal analysis of 22 participants. ICC values for occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal contact number (OCN) were tested. RESULTS Results confirmed the reliability of the two occlusal analysis methods with ICC values of 0.909 for SAOCA, 0.906 for DPOCA, 0.929 for SAOCN and 0.904 for DPOCN. The Bland-Altman plot, paired t-test (tOCN = 0.691, P > 0.05) and Pearson correlation analysis results (R = 0.68, p < 0.001) verified the validity between SA and DP. Then a novel digital occlusal analysis method was constructed, which not only can locate the occlusion contact and provide the quantitative analysis, but also provide a comprehensive description of the resultant force of each tooth and the component forces on the x-, y- and z-axis. CONCLUSIONS This new occlusal analysis method can obtain quantitative analysis of occlusal contact including contact area and force information simultaneously, which will provide new impetus and greater help for clinical dental treatment and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Jiale Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China.
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China.
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Campos FL, Rhodes GAC, Vasconcellos WA, Bomfim RA, Sampaio AA, Chalub LLFH, Ferreira RC. Validation of pairs of antagonist teeth for the evaluation of shortened dental arch in epidemiological studies. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e045. [PMID: 37162058 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pairs of antagonist teeth (epidemiological criterion) for defining pairs of teeth in occlusal contact (clinical criterion) and to estimate the agreement between the prevalence of "shortened dental arch" (SDA) and "functional dentition" (FD) when occlusal units (OUs) or posterior occluding pairs (POPs) are defined by the epidemiological or clinical criterion. Data were collected in an epidemiological oral health survey conducted in a municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. OUs and POPs were defined by the epidemiological criterion (dental crown status) or clinical criterion "gold standard" (carbon paper record of occlusal contacts during habitual maximum intercuspation). SDA corresponded to the presence of an intact anterior region and three to five OUs. FD was based on the concomitant presence of ≥ 1 tooth in each arch, 10 teeth in each arch, 12 anterior teeth, ≥ 3 premolar POPs, and ≥ 1 molar POP bilaterally. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the epidemiological criterion were calculated. The study included 197 adults. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 88.5, 87.9, 92.5, and 81.9%, respectively, and accuracy was 88.3%. The epidemiological criterion proved to be valid and could be used in epidemiological studies to calculate the prevalence of reduced dental configurations that consider POPs. The assessment of oral functionality is an aspect that should be included in the diagnosis of the clinical condition of patients, contributing to a more effective individual and collective oral health care plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lamounier Campos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Walison Arthuso Vasconcellos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Aiello Bomfim
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, School of Dentistry, Department of Community Dentistry, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Dental Surgery, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri Chalub
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Conceição Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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In vivo evaluation of the reliability and validity of three digital occlusion analysis methods. J Dent 2022; 127:104355. [PMID: 36332701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reliability and validity of three digital occlusion analysis methods was evaluated in vivo. METHODS The three method evalueated were:scanning of articulating paper marks (SA), dental prescale occlusal analysis system (DP) and a virtual occlusion constructed method (VO). A conventional silicone transmission method (ST) was used as the standard for comparison. Each of the 20 enroled human subjects was tested with the four methods. Retest of each method was performed at 2-week intervals. Occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal contact numbers (OCN) were calculated for analyses. For reliability evaluation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the OCA and OCN values obtained from each method were compared. For validity evaluation, Pearson correlations coefficients, paired t-tests, regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were examined. RESULTS The ICC values of OCA and OCN were in the order: ST>SA>DP>VO. The highest OCA and OCN values were found ST while the lowest values were obtained from DP. Paired t-test identified a significant difference when OCA values obtained from the three digital methods were compared with ST, and between the OCN values of DP and ST. Pearson correlation showed high coefficients between ST and three digital methods (0.583-0.885 for OCA; 0.779-0.836 for OCN). A significant linear correlation was found between the results from ST and those from SA or VO. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between OCN values of SA and ST, and between those of VO and ST. CONCLUSIONS The three digital occlusal analysis methods showed good reliability and validity for in vivo clinical application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The three digital occlusion analysis systems examined demonstrate good potential in in vivo quantitative analysis, with good reliability and validity. The use of these analytical methods should facilitate digital workflow in clinical practice.
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Halili R, Bundevska J, Shabani A, Maja S, Hamiti Alidema S. The Importance of T-Scan III Digital Electronic System in Fixed Restorations Occlusal Analysis – A Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Occlusion is one of the most important aspects of dentistry. Dental occlusion differs among individuals. Subsequently, realizing the correct physiological occlusion is essential for the complex functioning of the stomatognathic system during the mouth prosthodontics rehabilitation.
AIM: The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the T-Scan system over its utility in fixed restorations occlusal analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was performed through PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria for selection were articles reporting the occlusion analysis using articulating paper as a conventional method, and occlusion analysis using T-Scan III digital electronic system to detect contact points between the mandibular and maxillary teeth.
RESULTS: The electronic search identified 70 titles. Authors ended up with eight studies which have been divided into two tables. The first table is described four studies which present a comparison between the T-Scan III electronic system and articulating paper. The second table is described 4 studies which present occlusal analysis using the T-Scan III electronic system.
CONCLUSION: Based on the published literature, this review has highlighted some advantages of the T-Scan electronic system compared to articulating paper. The studies showed that the T-Scan computerized occlusal analysis which can provide quantifiable occlusal force and timing data that will make it possible to better protect brittle dental ceramic, and most importantly, to improve the quality of patient’s lives with improved bite comfort and chewing function.
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Talens-Cogollos L, Vela-Hernández A, Peiró-Guijarro MA, García-Sanz V, Montiel-Company JM, Gandía-Franco JL, Bellot-Arcís C, Paredes-Gallardo V. Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:451-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Zhao Z, Wang Q, Zheng X, An N, Zhou M, Niu L, Tay FR, Chen J, Wang F. Reliability and validity of two computerised occlusion analysis systems. J Dent 2022; 118:104051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Turkistani KA, Alkayyal MA, Abbassy MA, Al-Dharrab AA, Zahran MH, Melis M, Zawawi KH. Comparison of occlusal bite force distribution in subjects with different occlusal characteristics. Cranio 2020; 41:204-211. [PMID: 33074797 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1830662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze bite force distribution in subjects with different occlusal characteristics. METHODS This prospective study included 132 candidates (50 males, 82 females) seeking orthodontic treatment, who were divided into four groups based on Angle's classification of malocclusion. T-Scan® III Version 7.0 was used to record their relative distribution of bite forces, which were compared using gender, Angle's occlusal classification, overjet, overbite, space analysis, sagittal, and transverse skeletal relations variables. RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant differences in posterior/anterior bite force ratios between sagittal dental and skeletal relationships, overjet, and overbite groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between different space analysis and transverse relationship groups (p > 0.05) or between genders (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Subjects with Class III, decreased overjet and decreased overbite displayed higher bite force in posterior teeth compared to other groups. This feature must be considered when evaluating patients with dental and periodontal pathologies that might be affected by excessive tooth stress, especially in subjects with oral parafunctions and bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah A Turkistani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mona A Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Al-Dharrab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Zahran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Melis
- Private Practice, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Khalid H Zawawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alkayyal MA, Turkistani KA, Al-Dharrab AA, Abbassy MA, Melis M, Zawawi KH. Occlusion time, occlusal balance and lateral occlusal scheme in subjects with various dental and skeletal characteristics: A prospective clinical study. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:1503-1510. [PMID: 32966657 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse occlusion time, occlusal balance and lateral occlusal scheme in subjects with various dental and skeletal characteristics. METHODS A total of 132 subjects (50 males and 82 females) seeking orthodontic treatment were included in this prospective study. Using the T-Scan III version 7.0 (Tekscan Inc, South Boston, MA, USA), the occlusion time, occlusal balance and lateral occlusal schemes were recorded and compared with gender, Angle's occlusal classification, overjet, overbite, space analysis, skeletal and transverse relations. ANOVA, t test and contingency tables analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Occlusion time was significantly shorter in subjects with balanced occlusion (0.18 seconds, P < .001), Class I normal occlusion (0.35 seconds, P = .028) and Class I skeletal profile (0.37 seconds, P = .002). Occlusion time was significantly longer in subjects with decreased overjet (0.60 seconds, P = .003). There were significant associations between the distribution of occlusal balance and Angles' classes of occlusion, skeletal relationship, overjet, overbite and space analysis (P < .05). Lateral occlusal schemes were only associated with Angle's classes of occlusion and skeletal relationship (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Class I occlusion showed the least occlusion time, the most balanced occlusion and a higher frequency of canine guidance. Nonetheless, potentially balanced occlusion and group function were highly prevalent in all groups; therefore, ideal occlusion must be considered an ideal to inspire and aim for, but cannot be considered an essential requirement of every dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadijah A Turkistani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Al-Dharrab
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marcello Melis
- Private practice, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Khalid H Zawawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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