|
1
|
Terré B, Piergiovanni G, Segura-Bayona S, Gil-Gómez G, Youssef SA, Attolini CSO, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Jung C, Rojas AM, Marjanović M, Knobel PA, Palenzuela L, López-Rovira T, Forrow S, Huttner WB, Valverde MA, de Bruin A, Costanzo V, Stracker TH. GEMC1 is a critical regulator of multiciliated cell differentiation. EMBO J 2016; 35:942-60. [PMID: 26933123 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of multiciliated cells (MCCs) is required for the proper function of many tissues, including the respiratory tract, brain, and germline. Defects in MCC development have been demonstrated to cause a subclass of mucociliary clearance disorders termed reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC). To date, only two genes, Multicilin (MCIDAS) and cyclin O (CCNO) have been identified in this disorder in humans. Here, we describe mice lacking GEMC1 (GMNC), a protein with a similar domain organization as Multicilin that has been implicated in DNA replication control. We have found that GEMC1-deficient mice are growth impaired, develop hydrocephaly with a high penetrance, and are infertile, due to defects in the formation of MCCs in the brain, respiratory tract, and germline. Our data demonstrate that GEMC1 is a critical regulator of MCC differentiation and a candidate gene for human RGMC or related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Terré
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Segura-Bayona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gil-Gómez
- IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carole Jung
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Marko Marjanović
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Philip A Knobel
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Palenzuela
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa López-Rovira
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Forrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
High proliferation index, as determined by immunohistochemical expression of Aurora kinase B and geminin, indicates poor prognosis in neuroblastomas. Virchows Arch 2015. [PMID: 26199132 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Expression profile analysis of cell cycle biomarkers provides a powerful index of the proliferative state of tumors, which is linked to disease aggressiveness. We investigated the impact of the biomarkers of S-G2-M phases of cell cycle, Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and geminin (GMNN), on disease progression in neuroblastomas. The expression of AURKB and GMNN was studied by immunostaining 84 neuroblastomas. A proliferation index (PI) was obtained on scanned immunostained slides using image analysis software. The median PI was 8.5 % for AURKB- and 16.8 % for GMNN-stained slides with a high correlation between the two (r s = 0.72, P < 0.001). The PI for both markers was significantly higher in neuroblastomas from patients with unfavorable clinical (high-risk group, advanced stage, age ≥18 months at presentation, primary abdominal compared to extra-abdominal sites), biological (MYCN amplification, 1p deletion, 17q gain), and pathological (undifferentiated or poorly differentiated status, high mitosis-karyorrhexis index, [MKI], unfavorable histology) factors. Using Cox regression models, a higher-than-median AURKB and GMNN PI was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, a high AURKB PI was associated with significantly shorter OS and EFS, independent of MYCN amplification, and significantly shorter EFS, independent of MKI. High GMNN PI was also associated with significantly shorter OS and EFS after adjusting for MYCN amplification but failed to reach statistical significance after adjusting for MKI. Our study shows that in neuroblastomas, AURKB- or GMNN-based PI provides valuable prognostic information and high PI indicates aggressive disease.
Collapse
|