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Rosales IA, Yang C, Farkash EA, Ashry T, Ge J, Aljabban I, Ayyar A, Ndishabandi D, White R, Gildner E, Gong J, Liang Y, Lakkis FG, Nickeleit V, Russell PS, Madsen JC, Alessandrini A, Colvin RB. Novel intragraft regulatory lymphoid structures in kidney allograft tolerance. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:705-716. [PMID: 34726836 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intragraft events thought to be relevant to the development of tolerance are here subjected to a comprehensive mechanistic study during long-term spontaneous tolerance that occurs in C57BL/6 mice that receive life sustaining DBA/2 kidneys. These allografts rapidly develop periarterial Treg-rich organized lymphoid structures (TOLS) that form in response to class II but not to class I MHC disparity and form independently of lymphotoxin α and lymphotoxin β receptor pathways. TOLS form in situ in the absence of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Distinctive transcript patterns are maintained over time in TOLS including transcripts associated with Treg differentiation, T cell checkpoint signaling, and Th2 differentiation. Pathway transcripts related to inflammation are expressed in early stages of accepted grafts but diminish with time, while B cell transcripts increase. Intragraft transcript patterns at one week posttransplant distinguish those from kidneys destined to be rejected, that is, C57BL/6 allografts into DBA/2 recipients, from those that will be accepted. In contrast to inflammatory tertiary lymphoid organs (iTLOs) that form in response to chronic viral infection and transgenic Lta expression, TOLS lack high endothelial venules and germinal centers. TOLS represent a novel, pathogenetically important type of TLO that are in situ markers of regulatory tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy A Rosales
- Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tameem Ashry
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jifu Ge
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Imad Aljabban
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Archana Ayyar
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dorothy Ndishabandi
- Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca White
- Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Gildner
- Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingjing Gong
- NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Volker Nickeleit
- Division of Nephropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul S Russell
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandro Alessandrini
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert B Colvin
- Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Natural killer cells play a critical role in mediating inflammation and graft failure during antibody-mediated rejection of kidney allografts. Kidney Int 2016; 89:1293-306. [PMID: 27165816 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the incidence of antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection has increased, the key cellular and molecular participants underlying this graft injury remain unclear. Rejection of kidney allografts in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR5 is dependent on production of donor-specific antibody. Here we determine if cells expressing cytotoxic function contributed to antibody-mediated kidney allograft rejection in these recipients. Wild-type C57BL/6, B6.CCR5(-/-), and B6.CD8(-/-)/CCR5(-/-) mice were transplanted with complete MHC-mismatched A/J kidney grafts, and intragraft inflammatory components were followed to rejection. B6.CCR5(-/-) and B6.CD8(-/-)/CCR5(-/-) recipients rejected kidney allografts by day 35, whereas 65% of allografts in wild-type recipients survived past day 80 post-transplant. Rejected allografts in wild-type C57BL/6, B6.CCR5(-/-), and B6.CD8(-/-)/CCR5(-/-) recipients expressed high levels of VCAM-1 and MMP7 mRNA that was associated with high serum titers of donor-specific antibody. High levels of perforin and granzyme B mRNA expression peaked on day 6 post-transplant in allografts in all recipients, but were absent in isografts. Depletion of natural killer cells in B6.CD8(-/-)/CCR5(-/-) recipients reduced this expression to background levels and promoted the long-term survival of 40% of the kidney allografts. Thus, natural killer cells have a role in increased inflammation during antibody-mediated kidney allograft injury and in rejection of the grafts.
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T-cell alloreactivity and transplantation outcome: a budding role for heterologous immunity? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2015; 20:454-60. [PMID: 26126194 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the association between alloreactive T cells and poor graft survival, the mechanisms behind T-cell-mediated rejection are still under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the latest insights into the impact of T-cell alloreactivity on solid organ transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with special emphasis on the potential impact of heterologous immunity. RECENT FINDINGS A large part of the memory T-cell repertoire is induced upon virus infections, and evidence for a role of T-cell receptor cross-reactivity of virus-induced memory T cells against allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is accumulating in experimental and clinical solid organ transplantation studies. In HSCT, strong alloreactive potential of naïve T cells causes concerns for graft-versus-host disease while additional HLA-DP matching is suggested to prevent CD4 alloreactivity. Furthermore, virus-induced memory T cells hamper mixed chimerism induction, pointing once more towards a role for heterologous immunity. SUMMARY Both memory and naïve T cells contribute to the alloimmune response after transplantation. Monitoring for T-cell phenotypes could help predict rejection episodes and/or graft-versus-host disease, allowing timely intervention. Tailoring donor lymphocyte infusions and additional HLA matching could prevent strong alloreactivity in HSCT. Furthermore, the potential role of heterologous immunity in T-cell alloreactivity and transplantation is gaining interest.
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