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Su RC, Kung SKP, Silver ET, Lemieux S, Kane KP, Miller RG. Ly-49CB6 NK Inhibitory Receptor Recognizes Peptide-Receptive H-2Kb 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.10.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NK-mediated cytotoxicity involves two families of receptors: activating receptors that trigger lysis of the target cells being recognized and inhibitory receptors specific primarily for MHC I on the target cell surface that can override the activating signal. MHC I molecules on the cell surface can be classified into molecules made stable by the binding of peptide with high affinity or unstable molecules potentially capable of binding high affinity peptide (hence, peptide receptive) and being converted into stable molecules. It has been previously shown that the Ly-49A inhibitory receptor recognizes stable Dd molecules. We show in this study that the inhibitory receptor Ly-49CB6 recognizes peptide-receptive Kb molecules, but does not recognize Kb molecules once they have bound high affinity peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Chyi Su
- *Ontario Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sam Kam-Pun Kung
- *Ontario Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth T. Silver
- †Department of Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Suzanne Lemieux
- ‡Human Health Research Center, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin P. Kane
- †Department of Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Richard G. Miller
- *Ontario Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Chung DH, Dorfman J, Plaksin D, Natarajan K, Belyakov IM, Hunziker R, Berzofsky JA, Yokoyama WM, Mage MG, Margulies DH. NK and CTL Recognition of a Single Chain H-2Dd Molecule: Distinct Sites of H-2Dd Interact with NK and TCR. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.7.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We generated transgenic mice expressing a single-chain β2-microglobulin (β2m)-H-2Dd. The cell-surface β2m-H-2Dd molecule was expressed on a β2m-deficient background and reacted with appropriate mAbs. It was of the expected m.w. and directed the normal development of CD8+ T cells in the thymus of a broad TCR repertoire. It also presented both exogenously provided and endogenous peptide Ags to effector CD8+ T cells. In tests of NK cell education and function, it failed to reveal any interaction with NK cells, suggesting that the site of the interaction of NK receptors with H-2Dd was disrupted. Thus, the sites of TCR and NK receptor interaction with H-2Dd are distinct, an observation consistent with independent modes of TCR and NK receptor evolution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Dorfman
- †Lymphocyte Biology Sections, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- ¶Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael G. Mage
- §Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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Mata M, Paterson Y. Th1 T Cell Responses to HIV-1 Gag Protein Delivered by a Listeria monocytogenes Vaccine Are Similar to Those Induced by Endogenous Listerial Antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium that lives and grows in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The hallmark of a listerial infection is a cell-mediated immune response to its own secreted virulence factors. Thus, L. monocytogenes vaccines engineered to secrete HIV proteins may be ideal vectors for boosting cellular immune responses against HIV. Using strains of L. monocytogenes that stably express and secrete HIV Gag (Lm-Gag) to deliver this Ag to the immune system, we have previously shown strong MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell responses to this protein. In this study, we examine MHC class II-restricted T cell responses to HIV-Gag delivered by Lm-Gag. We demonstrate the induction of CD4+ T cells that are HIV-Gag specific and identify three epitopes in two strains of mice, BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 (H-2b), two of which are both H-2d and H-2b restricted, but are not immunodominant for both haplotypes. In addition, we show that the CD4+ T cells induced are of the Th1 phenotype that produce IFN-γ at levels similar to CD4+ T cells induced to endogenous listerial Ags. These studies suggest that chromosomally modified strains of L. monocytogenes may be useful as vaccine vectors for the induction of Th1 T cell responses against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielena Mata
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Matsui S, Ahlers JD, Vortmeyer AO, Terabe M, Tsukui T, Carbone DP, Liotta LA, Berzofsky JA. A Model for CD8+ CTL Tumor Immunosurveillance and Regulation of Tumor Escape by CD4 T Cells Through an Effect on Quality of CTL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.1.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding immune mechanisms influencing cancer regression, recurrence, and metastasis may be critical to developing effective immunotherapy. Using a tumor expressing HIV gp160 as a model viral tumor Ag, we found a growth-regression-recurrence pattern, and used this to investigate mechanisms of immunosurveillance. Regression was dependent on CD8 T cells, and recurrent tumors were resistant to CTL, had substantially reduced expression of epitope mRNA, but retained the gp160 gene, MHC, and processing apparatus. Increasing CTL numbers by advance priming with vaccinia virus expressing gp160 prevented only the initial tumor growth but not the later appearance of escape variants. Unexpectedly, CD4 cell depletion protected mice from tumor recurrence, whereas IL-4 knockout mice, deficient in Th2 cells, did not show this protection, and IFN-γ knockout mice were more susceptible. Purified CD8 T cells from CD4-depleted mice following tumor regression had more IFN-γ mRNA and lysed tumor cells without stimulation ex vivo, in contrast to CD4-intact mice. Thus, the quality as well as quantity of CD8+ CTL determines the completeness of immunosurveillance and is controlled by CD4 T cells but not solely Th2 cytokines. This model of immunosurveillance may indicate ways to enhance the efficacy of surveillance and improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Matsui
- *Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism Branch, and
| | - Jeffrey D. Ahlers
- *Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism Branch, and
| | - Alex O. Vortmeyer
- †Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Masaki Terabe
- *Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism Branch, and
| | - Taku Tsukui
- *Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism Branch, and
| | - David P. Carbone
- ‡Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- †Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- *Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism Branch, and
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5
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White J, Crawford F, Fremont D, Marrack P, Kappler J. Soluble Class I MHC with β2-Microglobulin Covalently Linked Peptides: Specific Binding to a T Cell Hybridoma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Soluble forms of the mouse MHC class I molecule, Dd, were produced in which the peptide binding groove was uniformly occupied by peptides attached via a covalent flexible peptide linker to the N terminus of the associated β2-microglobulin. The MHC heavy chain and β2-microglobulin were firmly associated, and the molecules displayed an Ab epitope requiring proper occupancy of the peptide binding groove. Soluble Dd containing a covalent version of a well-characterized Dd-binding peptide from HIV stimulated a T cell hybridoma specific for this combination. Furthermore, a tetravalent version of this molecule bound specifically with apparent high avidity to this hybridoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice White
- *Division of Basic Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Frances Crawford
- *Division of Basic Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Daved Fremont
- †Department of Pathology, Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Philippa Marrack
- *Division of Basic Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- ‡Departments of Immunology and of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, and
| | - John Kappler
- *Division of Basic Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- §Departments of Immunology, Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80262
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Suh WK, Derby MA, Cohen-Doyle MF, Schoenhals GJ, Früh K, Berzofsky JA, Williams DB. Interaction of Murine MHC Class I Molecules with Tapasin and TAP Enhances Peptide Loading and Involves the Heavy Chain α3 Domain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In human cells the association of MHC class I molecules with TAP is thought to be mediated by a third protein termed tapasin. We now show that tapasin is present in murine TAP-class I complexes as well. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a mutant H-2Dd molecule that does not interact with TAP due to a Glu to Lys mutation at residue 222 of the H chain (Dd(E222K)) also fails to bind to tapasin. This finding supports the view that tapasin bridges the association between class I and TAP and implicates residue 222 as a site of contact with tapasin. The inability of Dd(E222K) to interact with tapasin and TAP results in impaired peptide loading within the endoplasmic reticulum. However, significant acquisition of peptides can still be detected as assessed by the decay kinetics of cell surface Dd(E222K) molecules and by the finding that prolonged viral infection accumulates sufficient target structures to stimulate T cells at 50% the level observed with wild-type Dd. Thus, although interaction with tapasin and TAP enhances peptide loading, it is not essential. Finally, a cohort of Dd(E222K) molecules decays more rapidly on the cell surface compared with wild-type Dd molecules but much more slowly than peptide-deficient molecules. This suggests that some of the peptides obtained in the absence of an interaction with tapasin and TAP are suboptimal, suggesting a peptide-editing function for tapasin/TAP in addition to their role in enhancing peptide loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Kyung Suh
- *Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Derby
- †Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | | | - Klaus Früh
- ‡R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- †Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - David B. Williams
- *Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Apostolopoulos V, Chelvanayagam G, Xing PX, McKenzie IFC. Anti-MUC1 Antibodies React Directly with MUC1 Peptides Presented by Class I H2 and HLA Molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.2.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Peptides bound in the groove of MHC class I molecules and detected by CTLs are not normally accessible to Ab. We now report that MUC1 peptides that are bound within the groove of MHC class I molecules (H2 and HLA) and that can be detected by CTLs can also be detected by anti-MUC1 Abs. mAbs to the middle and C-terminal regions of the class I-associated peptides but not to the N terminus were able to react with MUC1 peptides bound to H2Kb and HLA-A*0201, and only to the mid-region for H2Db, by flow cytometry and also to block CTL activity. Molecular modeling showed that the N terminus is buried (and not accessible), whereas the midpeptide residues form a loop and the C terminus is free, making these two regions accessible to Ab. The findings demonstrate for the first time that peptides associated with class I molecules can be detected by anti-peptide Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Chelvanayagam
- †John Curtin School of Medical Research, Department of Human Genetics, Canberra, Australia
| | - Pei-Xiang Xing
- *Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; and
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8
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Su RC, Kung SKP, Gariépy J, Barber BH, Miller RG. NK Cells Can Recognize Different Forms of Class I MHC. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.2.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NK recognition and lysis of targets are mediated by activation receptor(s) whose effects may be over-ridden by inhibitory receptors recognizing class I MHC on the target. Incubation of normal lymphoblasts with a peptide that can bind to their class I MHC renders them sensitive to lysis by syngeneic NK cells. By binding to class I MHC, the peptide alters or masks the target structure recognized by an inhibitory NK receptor(s). This target structure is most likely an “empty” dimer of class I heavy chain and β2m as opposed to a “full” class I trimer formed by binding of specific peptide that is recognized by CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Chyi Su
- *Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, and
| | - Sam K. P. Kung
- *Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, and
| | - Jean Gariépy
- *Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, and
| | - Brian H. Barber
- †Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Epstein SL, Lo CY, Misplon JA, Bennink JR. Mechanism of Protective Immunity Against Influenza Virus Infection in Mice Without Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing viral vaccines intended to induce T cell immunity, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, when Abs are not protective or are too narrow in viral strain specificity. We have studied protective immunity in doubly inactivated (DI) mice devoid of Abs and mature B cells. When infected with influenza B virus, these mice cleared the virus in a process dependent upon CD8+ T lymphocytes. Cytotoxic activity was detected in lung lymphocytes of DI mice after primary or secondary infection, and was abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells in vivo. Challenge experiments showed that DI mice could be protected by immunization against reinfection 1 mo later, and protection was virus specific. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in vivo during the challenge period partially abrogated, and depletion of both subsets completely abrogated, the protection. This indicates that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required effectors in the optimal control of virus replication. Thus, when Abs fail to protect against varying challenge viruses, as is the case with variant strains of influenza and HIV, there is hope that T cells might be able to act alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L. Epstein
- *Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Chia-Yun Lo
- *Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Julia A. Misplon
- *Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Jack R. Bennink
- †Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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