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Avice MN, Sarfati M, Triebel F, Delespesse G, Demeure CE. Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3, a MHC Class II Ligand Expressed on Activated T Cells, Stimulates TNF-α and IL-12 Production by Monocytes and Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is an MHC class II ligand structurally and genetically related to CD4. Although its expression is restricted to activated T cells and NK cells, the functions of LAG-3 remain to be elucidated. Here, we report on the expression and function of LAG-3 on proinflammatory bystander T cells that are activated in the absence of TCR engagement. LAG-3 is expressed at high levels on human T cells cocultured with autologous monocytes and IL-2 and synergizes with the low levels of CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on these cells to trigger TNF-α and IL-12 production by monocytes. Indeed, anti-LAG-3 mAb inhibits both IL-12 and IFN-γ production in IL-2-stimulated cocultures of T cells and autologous monocytes. Soluble LAG-3Ig fusion protein markedly enhances IL-12 production by monocytes stimulated with infra-optimal concentrations of sCD40L, whereas it directly stimulates monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) for the production of TNF-α and IL-12, unravelling an enhanced responsiveness to MHC class II engagemenent in DC as compared with activated monocytes. Thus similar to CD40L, LAG-3 may be involved in the proinflammatory activity of cytokine-activated bystander T cells and most importantly it may directly activate DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Avice
- *Laboratoire de Recherche sur l’Allergie, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche Louis-Charles Simard, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Marika Sarfati
- *Laboratoire de Recherche sur l’Allergie, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche Louis-Charles Simard, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Frederic Triebel
- †Unité d’Immunologie Cellulaire, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Delespesse
- *Laboratoire de Recherche sur l’Allergie, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche Louis-Charles Simard, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Christian E. Demeure
- *Laboratoire de Recherche sur l’Allergie, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche Louis-Charles Simard, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
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Lingnau K, Hoehn P, Kerdine S, Koelsch S, Neudoerfl C, Palm N, Ruede E, Schmitt E. IL-4 in Combination with TGF-β Favors an Alternative Pathway of Th1 Development Independent of IL-12. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.9.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-4 was found to be the essential differentiation factor for Th2 cells and simultaneously to be a potent inhibitor of Th1 development that is induced by IFN-γ and IL-12. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that TGF-β can also inhibit Th1 development. In this work, we demonstrate that polyclonal activation of Mel-14highCD4+ T cells by immobilized anti-αβTCR mAb together with a mixture of IL-4 and TGF-β can lead to the development of both Th1 and Th2 cells, depending on the concentration of these cytokines. Additional experiments revealed that Th1 induction by a combination of IL-4 and TGF-β depends on the presence of endogenous IFN-γ, and that this alternative Th1 development is further enhanced by IL-12, but is not dependent on this cytokine. Moreover, naive OVA323–339-specific Th cells that were stimulated by APCs and OVA323–339 peptide differentiated toward Th1 cells after priming in the presence of IL-4 in combination with TGF-β. Hence, this finding confirmed the results obtained by polyclonal activation of naive CD4+ Th cells and implicates that this alternative Th1 development may also occur in vivo under the influence of TGF-β and IL-4 independently of the Th1-promoting effect of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lingnau
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Hoehn
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Saadia Kerdine
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Koelsch
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Palm
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erwin Ruede
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Siders WM, Wright PW, Hixon JA, Alvord WG, Back TC, Wiltrout RH, Fenton RG. T Cell- and NK Cell-Independent Inhibition of Hepatic Metastases by Systemic Administration of an IL-12-Expressing Recombinant Adenovirus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been shown to mediate tumor regression in a variety of tumor models. We describe the construction of AdCMV-IL-12, a recombinant adenovirus that encodes both subunits of IL-12 under transcriptional control of the CMV promoter. This recombinant virus efficiently infects a wide variety of cell types leading to the production of high levels of biologically active IL-12. Because the liver is a primary site of infection after i.v.-administered adenovirus, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of this virus in a murine hepatic metastasis tumor model. Systemic administration of AdCMV-IL-12 dramatically inhibited the formation of 3-day Renca hepatic metastases (mean of 16 metastases per liver) compared with the control virus AdCMV-βgal (mean of 209) or vehicle alone (mean of 272). Histologic analysis indicated that metastatic growth inhibition was accompanied by a dramatic perivascular infiltrate consisting of T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Therapeutic efficacy was not diminished in animals depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, or in SCID mice, even after NK cell ablation. In the latter case, a hepatic perivascular infiltrate composed of macrophages and neutrophils was observed after AdCMV-IL-12-treatment, while numerous activated Kupffer cells were noted in the hepatic parenchyma. Analysis of therapy-induced changes in hepatic gene expression demonstrated increased levels of IP-10 and Mig RNAs, but no increase in iNOS, Fas, or FasL RNA levels was observed. Our data suggest a model of metastatic growth inhibition mediated by nonlymphocyte effector cells including macrophages and neutrophils and that may involve anti-angiogenic chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Siders
- *Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC)
| | - Paul W. Wright
- †Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation (IRSP, SAIC) Frederick
| | - Julie A. Hixon
- †Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation (IRSP, SAIC) Frederick
| | | | - Timothy C. Back
- †Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation (IRSP, SAIC) Frederick
| | - Robert H. Wiltrout
- §Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Division of Basic Sciences, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robert G. Fenton
- *Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC)
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Steel C, Nutman TB. Helminth Antigens Selectively Differentiate Unsensitized CD45RA+CD4+ Human T Cells in Vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human filarial helminth infections are characterized by type 2 immune responses to parasite Ag that can persist for the life of the individual; one possible cause for this may be prenatal exposure to the blood-borne microfilarial (Mf) stage of the parasite. To examine the relationship between early exposure to filarial Ag and subsequent immune responsiveness, CD45RA+CD4+ cells from normal unsensitized donors were stimulated in vitro with soluble microfilarial Ag (MfAg) from the filarial parasite Brugia malayi in the presence of APCs. MfAg alone induced proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-5 production in unsensitized CD45RA+CD4+ cells, demonstrating the ability of filarial Ags to prime naive T cells in the absence of exogenous cytokines and dendritic cells. Adding exogenous cytokine(s) (particularly IL-12 and IL-4) during priming was able to alter the MfAg-specific responses of CD45RA+CD4+ cells as well as subsequent responses to Ag. Interestingly, priming solely with MfAg led to enhanced IL-5 production following Ag restimulation, suggesting that MfAg preferentially primes for type 2 responses. These data demonstrate that filarial Ags by themselves can specifically prime CD45RA+CD4+ cells in vitro and do so in such a way as to deviate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Steel
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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