Systemic Inflammatory Disorders, Immunosuppressive Treatment and Increase Risk of Head and Neck Cancers-A Narrative Review of Potential Physiopathological and Biological Mechanisms

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are known to present multiple factors likely to influence their development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on the interplay between systemic inflammatory disorders, immunosuppressive treatments and their synergistic effect on HNC risk. Both cell-mediated and humoral-mediated systemic inflammatory disorders involve dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation and these inflammatory conditions have been associated with an increased risk of HNC development, primarily in the head and neck region. Likewise, the interaction between systemic inflammatory disorders and immunosuppressive treatments appears to amplify the risk of HNC development, as chronic inflammation fosters a tumor-promoting microenvironment, while immunosuppressive therapies further compromise immune surveillance and anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interaction is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, the emerging field of immunotherapy provides potential avenues for managing HNCs associated with systemic inflammatory disorders, but further research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in this specific context. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.

Effects and mechanisms of total glucosides of paeony on synoviocytes activities in rat collagen-induced arthritis

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of TGP, an active compound extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, on the activities of synoviocytes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and its possible mechanisms. CIA was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats immunized with chicken type II collagen (CII) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Synoviocytes proliferation was determined by 3-(4, 5-2dimethylthiazal-2yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in synoviocytes were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). E-prostanoid (EP)(2) and EP(4) receptors were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that TGP significantly inhibited the proliferation of synoviocytes, decreased the production of IL-1, TNF-alpha and PGE(2) and elevated the levels of cAMP. Further study showed that TGP could up-regulate the expression of EP(2) and EP(4). These results indicated that TGP might exert its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in synoviocytes of CIA rats, which might be associated with its ability to regulate cAMP-dependent EP(2)/EP(4)-mediated pathway.

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe

The effect of water extract of deer antler (DAA) prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe (Nokyong) on collagen-induced mouse rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model was studied. Identification of common DAA capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. DAA has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties in experimental animals. In this study, we determined the effect of DAA-injection on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. In three independent experiments, mice given DAA in water exhibited significantly reduced incidence of arthritis (30-45%) as compared with mice not given DAA in water (86-98%). The arthritis index also was significantly lower in DAA-injected animals. Western blot analysis showed a marked reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α in arthritic joints of DAA-injected mice. The neutral endopeptidase activity was approximately six-fold higher in arthritic joints of non-DAA-injected mice in comparison to non-arthritic joints of unimmunized mice, whereas it was only two-fold higher in the arthritic joints of DAA-injected mice. Additionally, total IgG and type II collagen-specific IgG levels were lower in serum and arthritic joints of DAA-injected mice. Taken together our studies suggest that DAA may be useful in the prevention of onset and severity of arthritis.

The β2-Adrenergic Agonist Salbutamol Is a Potent Suppressor of Established Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Mechanisms of Action

The therapeutic potential of salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, was explored in collagen-induced arthritis. This study was based on a report that salbutamol, by elevating intracellular cAMP, inhibits IL-12 production by macrophages and dendritic cells, thus preventing Th1 development. Ten-week-old male DBA/1 mice were immunized by intradermal injection of type II collagen in CFA. Arthritis developed 15–30 days later and the mice were treated after onset of disease with salbutamol, 200 μg i.p. After 10 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the hind paws were evaluated histologically. Salbutamol, 200 μg daily or every other day, had a profound therapeutic effect on the clinical progression of arthritis, as assessed by clinical score and paw thickness. The therapeutic effect was dose dependent. Daily administration of 200 μg of salbutamol offered the best protection against joint damage, as assessed by histology. In vitro, salbutamol reduced IL-12 and TNF-α release by peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, as well as TNF release by synovial cells from arthritic mice. Ex vivo, draining lymph node cells of the salbutamol-treated arthritic mice showed a diminished CII-specific IFN-γ production and proliferation. In vivo, salbutamol specifically blocked mast cell degranulation in joint tissues. In conclusion, salbutamol has important effects on the immunoinflammatory response and a significant therapeutic action in collagen-induced arthritis.