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Bidirectional Crosstalk between Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and the Tumor Microenvironment: Beyond Tumor Antigens. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Watanabe T. Approaches of the Innate Immune System to Ameliorate Adaptive Immunotherapy for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Their Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010141. [PMID: 35008305 PMCID: PMC8750340 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominant paradigm being developed in immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies is of adaptive immunotherapy that involves chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers. CAR T-cell therapy has yielded results that surpass those of the existing salvage immunochemotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after first-line immunochemotherapy, while offering a therapeutic option for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, the role of the innate immune system has been shown to prolong CAR T-cell persistence. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 47-blocking antibodies, which are a promising therapeutic armamentarium for DLBCL, are novel innate immune checkpoint inhibitors that allow macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells. Intratumoral Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide plays a pivotal role in FL, and vaccination may be required in MCL. Additionally, local stimulator of interferon gene agonists, which induce a systemic anti-lymphoma CD8+ T-cell response, and the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB/CD137 or OX40/CD134 agonistic antibodies represent attractive agents for dendritic cell activations, which subsequently, facilitates initiation of productive T-cell priming and NK cells. This review describes the exploitation of approaches that trigger innate immune activation for adaptive immune cells to operate maximally in the tumor microenvironment of these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu City 514-8507, Japan
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3
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Lapenta C, Gabriele L, Santini SM. IFN-Alpha-Mediated Differentiation of Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Advances and Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040617. [PMID: 33086492 PMCID: PMC7711454 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen tremendous developments in novel cancer therapies through targeting immune-checkpoint molecules. However, since increasing the presentation of tumor antigens remains one of the major issues for eliciting a strong antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DC) still hold a great potential for the development of cancer immunotherapy. A considerable body of evidence clearly demonstrates the importance of the interactions of type I IFN with the immune system for the generation of a durable antitumor response through its effects on DC. Actually, highly active DC can be rapidly generated from blood monocytes in vitro in the presence of IFN-α (IFN-DC), suitable for therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients. Here we review how type I IFN can promote the ex vivo differentiation of human DC and orientate DC functions towards the priming and expansion of protective antitumor immune responses. New epigenetic elements of control on activation of the type I IFN signal will be highlighted. We also review a few clinical trials exploiting IFN-DC in cancer vaccination and discuss how IFN-DC could be exploited for the design of effective strategies of cancer immunotherapy as a monotherapy or in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors or immunomodulatory drugs.
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4
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Cox MC, Lapenta C, Santini SM. Advances and perspectives of dendritic cell-based active immunotherapies in follicular lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:913-925. [PMID: 32322910 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a remarkably immune-responsive malignancy, which is still considered incurable. As, standard immunochemotherapy is complex, toxic and not curative, improvement in FL care is now a crucial topic in hemato-oncology. Recently, we and others have shown that dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies allow a specific immune response associated with sustained lymphoma regression in a proportion of low-tumor burden FL patients. Importantly, the rate of objective clinical response (33-50%) and of sustained remission is remarkably higher compared to similar studies in solid tumors, corroborating the assumption of the immune responsiveness of FL. Our experimental intra-tumoral strategy combined injection with rituximab and interferon-α-derived dendritic cells (IFN-DC), a novel DC population particularly efficient in biasing T-helper response toward the Th1 type and in the cross-priming of CD8 + T cells. Noteworthy, intra-tumoral injection of DC is a new therapeutic option based on the assumption that following the induction of cancer-cell immunogenic death, unloaded DC would phagocytize in vivo the tumor associated antigens and give rise to a specific immune response. This approach allows the design of easy and inexpensive schedules. On the other hand, advanced and straightforward methods to produce clinical-grade antigenic formulations are currently under development. Both unloaded DC strategies and DC-vaccines are suited for combination with radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators and metronomic chemotherapy. In fact, studies in animal models have already shown impressive results, while early-phase combination trials are ongoing. Here, we summarize the recent advances and the future perspectives of DC-based therapies in the treatment of FL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christina Cox
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lapenta
- Dipartimento Di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano M Santini
- Dipartimento Di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Liu G, Fan X, Cai Y, Fu Z, Gao F, Dong J, Li K, Cai J. Efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy produced from cord blood in vitro and in a humanized NSG mouse cancer model. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:599-616. [PMID: 30943862 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To produce dendritic cells (DCs) from CD34+ stem cells from cord blood and explore their prophylactic and curative effect against tumors by vaccinating humanized NSG mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Separated CD34+ stem cells from cord blood were cultured for 30 days, and the resultant DCs (CD34-DCs) were collected. The basic function of the CD34-DCs and the cytotoxicity of CD34-cytotoxic-T lymphocytes (CTLs) were tested in vitro, and tumor inhibition in a humanized NSG mouse tumor model was observed. RESULTS The number of CD34-DCs reached approximately 9 log. These cells performed functions similar to those of DCs derived from monocytes from peripheral blood (PBMC-DCs). The CTLs of the CD34-DCs (CD34-CTLs) presented a better antitumor effect in vitro. The obvious prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor effects of the CD34-DC vaccine were observed in the humanized NSG mouse models. CONCLUSION CD34-DCs from cord blood were sufficient in quantity and quality as a vaccine agent against tumors in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Research and Development, Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Therapy, Hebei HOFOY Biotech Corporation Ltd, 238 Changjiang Aveneu, Shijiazhuang 500350, China
| | - Zexian Fu
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jiantao Dong
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.,Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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6
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Type I Interferons and Cancer: An Evolving Story Demanding Novel Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121943. [PMID: 31817234 PMCID: PMC6966569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first report on the antitumor effects of interferon α/β (IFN-I) in mice was published 50 years ago. IFN-α were the first immunotherapeutic drugs approved by the FDA for clinical use in cancer. However, their clinical use occurred at a time when most of their mechanisms of action were still unknown. These cytokines were being used as either conventional cytostatic drugs or non-specific biological response modifiers. Specific biological activities subsequently ascribed to IFN-I were poorly considered for their clinical use. Notably, a lot of the data in humans and mice underlines the importance of endogenous IFN-I, produced by both immune and tumor cells, in the control of tumor growth and in the response to antitumor therapies. While many oncologists consider IFN-I as “dead drugs”, recent studies reveal new mechanisms of action with potential implications in cancer control and immunotherapy response or resistance, suggesting novel rationales for their usage in target and personalized anti-cancer treatments. In this Perspectives Article, we focus on the following aspects: (1) the added value of IFN-I for enhancing the antitumor impact of standard anticancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and new therapeutic approaches, such as check point inhibitors and epigenetic drugs; (2) the role of IFN-I in the control of cancer stem cells growth and its possible implications for the development of novel antitumor therapies; and (3) the role of IFN-I in the development of cancer vaccines and the intriguing therapeutic possibilities offered by in situ delivery of ex vivo IFN-stimulated dendritic cells.
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Lapenta C, Donati S, Spadaro F, Lattanzi L, Urbani F, Macchia I, Sestili P, Spada M, Cox MC, Belardelli F, Santini SM. Lenalidomide improves the therapeutic effect of an interferon-α-dendritic cell-based lymphoma vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1791-1804. [PMID: 31620858 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The perspective of combining cancer vaccines with immunomodulatory drugs is currently regarded as a highly promising approach for boosting tumor-specific T cell immunity and eradicating residual malignant cells. The efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in combination with lenalidomide, an anticancer drug effective in several hematologic malignancies, was investigated in a follicular lymphoma (FL) model. First, we evaluated the in vitro activity of lenalidomide in modulating the immune responses of lymphocytes co-cultured with a new DC subset differentiated with IFN-α (IFN-DC) and loaded with apoptotic lymphoma cells. We next evaluated the efficacy of lenalidomide and IFN-DC-based vaccination, either alone or in combination, in hu-PBL-NOD/SCID mice bearing established human lymphoma. We found that lenalidomide reduced Treg frequency and IL-10 production in vitro, improved the formation of immune synapses of CD8 + lymphocytes with lymphoma cells and enhanced anti-lymphoma cytotoxicity. Treatment of lymphoma-bearing mice with either IFN-DC vaccination or lenalidomide led to a significant decrease in tumor growth and lymphoma cell spread. Lenalidomide treatment was shown to substantially inhibit tumor-induced neo-angiogenesis rather than to exert a direct cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells. Notably, the combined treatment with the vaccine plus lenalidomide was more effective than either single treatment, resulting in the significant regression of established tumors and delayed tumor regrowth upon treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IFN-DC-based vaccination plus lenalidomide exert an additive therapeutic effect in xenochimeric mice bearing established lymphoma. These results may pave the way to evaluate this combination in the clinical ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Lapenta
- Reparto di Immunologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Donati
- Reparto di Immunologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lattanzi
- Reparto di Immunologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Reparto di Immunologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Scuola di Dottorato in Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Macchia
- Reparto di Immunologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sestili
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Centro nazionale sperimentazione e benessere animale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Cox
- Unità di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano M Santini
- Reparto di Immunologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Immune Dysfunctions and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Dendritic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101491. [PMID: 31623355 PMCID: PMC6827143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a multi-step malignancy showing increasing incidence in today’s societies, represents an important worldwide health issue. Exogenous factors, such as lifestyle, diet, nutrition, environment and microbiota, contribute to CRC pathogenesis, also influencing non neoplastic cells, including immune cells. Several immune dysfunctions were described in CRC patients at different disease stages. Many studies underline the role of microbiota, obesity-related inflammation, diet and host reactive cells, including dendritic cells (DC), in CRC pathogenesis. Here, we focused on DC, the main cells linking innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Variations in the number and phenotype of circulating and tumor-infiltrating DC have been found in CRC patients and correlated with disease stages and progression. A critical review of DC-based clinical studies and of recent advances in cancer immunotherapy leads to consider new strategies for combining DC vaccination strategies with check-point inhibitors, thus opening perspectives for a more effective management of this neoplastic disease.
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9
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Castiello L, Aricò E, D'Agostino G, Santodonato L, Belardelli F. In situ Vaccination by Direct Dendritic Cell Inoculation: The Coming of Age of an Old Idea? Front Immunol 2019; 10:2303. [PMID: 31611878 PMCID: PMC6773832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 25 years, dendritic cell (DC) based vaccination has flashily held promises to represent a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. While the vast majority of studies has focused on the use of antigen loaded DC, the intratumoral delivery of unloaded DC aiming at in situ vaccination has gained much less attention. Such approach grounds on the ability of inoculated DC to internalize and process antigens directly released by tumor (usually in combination with cell-death-inducing agents) to activate broad patient-specific antitumor T cell response. In this review, we highlight the recent studies in both solid and hematological tumors showing promising clinical results and discuss the main pitfalls and advantages of this approach for endogenous cancer vaccination. Lastly, we discuss how in situ vaccination by DC inoculation may fit with current immunotherapy approaches to expand and prolong patient response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Castiello
- FaBioCell, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- FaBioCell, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Santodonato
- FaBioCell, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
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10
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Cox MC, Castiello L, Mattei M, Santodonato L, D'Agostino G, Muraro E, Martorelli D, Lapenta C, Di Napoli A, Di Landro F, Cangemi M, Pavan A, Castaldo P, Hohaus S, Donati S, Montefiore E, Berdini C, Carlei D, Monque DM, Ruco L, Prosperi D, Tafuri A, Spadaro F, Sestili P, Spada M, Dolcetti R, Santini SM, Rozera C, Aricò E, Capone I, Belardelli F. Clinical and Antitumor Immune Responses in Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma Patients after Intranodal Injections of IFNα-Dendritic Cells and Rituximab: a Phase I Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5231-5241. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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STAT1-mediated inhibition of FOXM1 enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:645-663. [PMID: 30782607 PMCID: PMC6395369 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) was identified as an oncogenic transcription factor and master regulator of tumor progression and metastasis. FOXM1 expression often correlates with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. In the present study, we investigated the association of FOXM1 expression and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Elevated FOXM1 protein levels were associated with gemcitabine chemoresistance in patients with pancreatic cancer. In gemcitabine resistance cell line models of pancreatic cancer, FOXM1 expression increased, which induced gemcitabine chemoresistance in vitro. In pancreatic cancer cells treated with gemcitabine, FOXM1 affected nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling activity. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a negative association of FOXM1 expression and the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) in human pancreatic cancer tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that pSTAT1 directly binds to the FOXM1 promoter to down-regulate its transcription. Interferon γ (IFNγ) promoted gemcitabine-induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by FOXM1 inhibition. These data suggested that FOXM1 enhances chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. IFNγ could be used to down-regulate the expression of FOXM1 through STAT1 phosphorylation, thereby increasing the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. These studies suggested the sensitization by IFNγ in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) chemotherapy, which requires further clinical studies.
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Nigro A, Montico B, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. A Novel Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccination Protocol to Stimulate Immunosurveillance of Aggressive Cancers. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:317-333. [PMID: 30465213 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of a successful tumor vaccination is to break immune tolerance and to sensitize efficiently the immune system toward relevant tumor antigens, thus enabling T-cell-mediated antitumor responses in vivo. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy shows the advantage to induce an adaptive immune response against the tumor, with the potential to generate a long-lasting immunological memory able to prevent further relapses and hopefully metastasis. Recently different preclinical studies highlighted the golden opportunity to exploit the features of immunogenic cell death (ICD) to generate ex vivo a highly immunogenic tumor cell lysate as potent antigen formulation for improved DC-based vaccine against aggressive cancers. This chapter focuses on the methods to obtain tumor lysates from cells undergoing ICD to be used for DC pulsing and to test the functionality of the generated DCs for antitumor vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
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Wang F, Lv H, Li Y, Han T, Liu H, Jia K, Liu F, Gao Y, Wang F. Complete cure of a patient with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma with lung metastasis using interferon and survival up to 108 months: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2979-2988. [PMID: 30127887 PMCID: PMC6096095 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis due to its asymptomatic onset and susceptibility to metastasis. The survival of patients with advanced HCC is 6-12 months. As a first-line medicine for the control of hepatitis B virus, interferon (IFN) is also capable of inhibiting tumor growth and modulating immunity. However, treatment of HCC with lung metastasis using IFN has been rarely reported. The present study reports the case of one patient with HCC having lung metastasis who underwent a one-time treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and was subsequently completely cured by single peginterferon α 2a (PEG-IFNα2a); and has survived up to 108 months. A 53-year-old male patient diagnosed with HBV-related HCC with lung metastasis underwent TACE using floxuridine (FUDR) 500 mg, cisdiamine dichloroplatinum (CDDP) 20 mg, mitomycin 10 mg, and ultrafluid lipiodol 10 ml, together with local thoracic aorta chemotherapy using FUDR 250 mg and CDDP 20 mg. His metastatic lung cancer aggravated. However, after 9 months of treatment with subcutaneous injections of PEG-IFNα 2a once per week, the metastatic lung foci gradually shrunk until disappearance and the HCC lesion stabilized without progression. According to the World Health Organization criteria for the efficacy of solid tumors, this was a case of complete response. Upon follow-up up to 108 months his metastatic lung cancer had disappeared and HCC did not recur. Therefore, IFN intervention may be an appropriate novel adjuvant therapy for patients with HCC with lung metastasis and requires further attention and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Jia
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Yanying Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
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14
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Zhao W, Zhao G, Zhang S, Wang X, Yu X, Wang B. Clearance of HBeAg and HBsAg of HBV in mice model by a recombinant HBV vaccine combined with GM-CSF and IFN-α as an effective therapeutic vaccine adjuvant. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34213-34228. [PMID: 30344938 PMCID: PMC6188151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is a significant public threat. Current interferon-α (IFN-α) based therapies and anti-viral drugs have failed to clear the infection in the majority of CHB patients and animal models. In our previous study, we established a combined protocol that employed a 3-day pretreatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prior to a standard HBV vaccine. It achieved a 90% reduction of HBsAg level in the HBsAg transgenic mouse model. This protocol, while effective, remains too complex for clinical use. In this study, we formulated a new regimen by combining GM-CSF, IFN-α and a recombinant HBV vaccine (GM-CSF/IFN-α/VACCINE) into a single preparation and tested its efficacy in a HBV infection model. After four vaccinations, both serum HBeAg and HBsAg were cleared, accompanied by a 95% reduction of HBV+ hepatocytes and the presence of a large number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in the liver. Mechanistically these robust responses were initiated by a vaccine-induced conversion of CCR2-dependent CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes into CD11b+CD11c+ DCs. This finding sheds light on the potential mechanism of action of the GM-CSF-based vaccine adjuvant and provides definable markers for clinical assessment during future testing of such highly potent vaccine protocols in HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wagstaffe HR, Nielsen CM, Riley EM, Goodier MR. IL-15 Promotes Polyfunctional NK Cell Responses to Influenza by Boosting IL-12 Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2738-2747. [PMID: 29491009 PMCID: PMC5890538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-15 is a key regulator of NK cell maintenance and proliferation and synergizes with other myeloid cell–derived cytokines to enhance NK cell effector function. At low concentrations, trans-presentation of IL-15 by dendritic cells can activate NK cells, whereas at higher concentrations it can act directly on NK cells, independently of accessory cells. In this study, we investigate the potential for IL-15 to boost responses to influenza virus by promoting accessory cell function. We find that coculture of human PBMCs with inactivated whole influenza virus (A/Victoria/361/2011) in the presence of very low concentrations of IL-15 results in increased production of myeloid cell–derived cytokines, including IL-12, IFN-α2, GM-CSF, and IL-1β, and an increased frequency of polyfunctional NK cells (defined by the expression of two or more of CD107a, IFN-γ, and CD25). Neutralization experiments demonstrate that IL-15–mediated enhancement of NK cell responses is primarily dependent on IL-12 and partially dependent on IFN-αβR1 signaling. Critically, IL-15 boosted the production of IL-12 in influenza-stimulated blood myeloid dendritic cells. IL-15 costimulation also restored the ability of less-differentiated NK cells from human CMV-seropositive individuals to respond to influenza virus. These data suggest that very low concentrations of IL-15 play an important role in boosting accessory cell function to support NK cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Wagstaffe
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.,Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom;
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16
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Jin Z, Fan J, Zhang Y, Yi Y, Wang L, Yin D, Deng T, Ye W. Comparison of morphology, phenotypes and function between cultured human IL‑4‑DC and IFN‑DC. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7345-7354. [PMID: 28944895 PMCID: PMC5865864 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) as professional antigen presenting cells, are important in the initiation of the primary immune response. The present study compared the morphology, phenotypes and function between monocyte‑derived human DCs produced from a conventional culturing system containing granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) and IL‑4 (IL‑4‑DC) and DCs generated by the stimulation of GM‑CSF and interferon (IFN)‑α (IFN‑DC). When compared with IL‑4‑DC in morphology, IFN‑DC contained more organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum and myelin figures, whereas mature (m)IL‑4‑DC contained more vacuoles in the cells. The spikes of IFN‑DC were shorter and thicker. The expression of phenotypes between immature IFN‑DC and IL‑4‑DC were diverse. Following maturation with tumor necrosis factor‑α, IFN‑DC and IL‑4‑DC upregulated the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 11c and CD83. Conversely, immature IFN‑DC and IL‑4‑DC secreted few inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‑18, IL‑23, IL‑12p70, IL‑1β and anti‑inflammatory IL‑10. Following maturation, large amounts of the cytokines were secreted by these two DCs and mIFN‑DC secreted more cytokines compared with mIL‑4‑DC in general. Furthermore, immature IFN‑DC and IL‑4‑DC loaded with cytomegalovirus (CMV)‑pp65 protein were unable to induce the priming of T cells, as evaluated by the intracellular staining with IFN‑γ. Notably, mature DCs exhibited the ability to present CMV‑pp65 protein and activate T cells. The mIFN‑DC activated a greater proportion of autologous CD4+ T cells (0.91 vs. 0.31%, P<0.001) and CD8+ T cells (0.90 vs. 0.48%, P<0.001) to secret IFN‑γ compared with mIL‑4‑DC. The results suggested that the morphology, phenotypes and cytokine secretion of IFN‑DC and IL‑4‑DC were diverse. The mIFN‑DC were more effective in priming and cross‑priming T cells when compared with IL‑4‑DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fan
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Health Management Center, Danyang People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
- Liver Disease Department, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
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17
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Montico B, Lapenta C, Ravo M, Martorelli D, Muraro E, Zeng B, Comaro E, Spada M, Donati S, Santini SM, Tarallo R, Giurato G, Rizzo F, Weisz A, Belardelli F, Dolcetti R, Dal Col J. Exploiting a new strategy to induce immunogenic cell death to improve dendritic cell-based vaccines for lymphoma immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356964. [PMID: 29147614 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although promising, the clinical benefit provided by dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines is still limited and the choice of the optimal antigen formulation is still an unresolved issue. We have developed a new DC-based vaccination protocol for aggressive and/or refractory lymphomas which combines the unique features of interferon-conditioned DC (IFN-DC) with highly immunogenic tumor cell lysates (TCL) obtained from lymphoma cells undergoing immunogenic cell death. We show that treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines with 9-cis-retinoic acid and IFNα (RA/IFNα) induces early membrane exposure of Calreticulin, HSP70 and 90 together with CD47 down-regulation and enhanced HMGB1 secretion. Consistently, RA/IFNα-treated apoptotic cells and -TCLs were more efficiently phagocytosed by DCs compared to controls. Notably, cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) generated with autologous DCs pulsed with RA/IFNα-TCLs more efficiently recognized and specifically lysed MCL or DLBCL cells or targets loaded with several HLA-A*0201 cyclin D1 or HLA-B*0801 survivin epitopes. These cultures also showed an expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells and an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Moreover, DCs loaded with RA/IFNα-TCLs showed enhanced functional maturation and activation. NOD/SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes and vaccinated with autologous RA/IFNα-TCL loaded-IFN-DCs showed lymphoma-specific T-cell responses and a significant decrease in tumor growth with respect to mice treated with IFN-DC unpulsed or loaded with untreated TCLs. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the use of RA/IFNα to generate a highly immunogenic TCL as a suitable tumor antigen formulation for the development of effective anticancer DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Montico
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - C Lapenta
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - D Martorelli
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - E Muraro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - B Zeng
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Comaro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - M Spada
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - S Donati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - S M Santini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - G Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - F Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - A Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - F Belardelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Dolcetti
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Dal Col
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
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