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Awang T, Chairatana P, Pongprayoon P. Molecular dynamics simulations of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) crossing gram-negative bacterial membrane. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294041. [PMID: 37988380 PMCID: PMC10662769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide exhibiting a wide range of antimicrobial activities. It plays an important role in mucosal immunity of the small intestine. HD5 exerts its bactericidal activities through multiple mechanisms, one of which involves HD5 inducing the formation of pores in the bacterial membrane, subsequently allowing the peptide to enter the bacterial cytoplasm. Nevertheless, the precise molecular intricacies underlying its bactericidal mechanisms remain inadequately understood. In this work, the Potential of Mean Force (PMF) was computed to delve into the energetic properties governing the movement of HD5 across the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) membrane, which is a representative model of the gram-negative bacterial membrane. Our findings indicate that the most favorable free energy is attained when HD5 binds to the surface of the LPS membrane. This favorable interaction is primarily driven by the strong interactions between arginine residues in HD5 and the charged head groups of LPS, serving as the predominant forces facilitating the adhesion of HD5 to the membrane. Our analysis reveals that a dimeric form of HD5 alone is sufficient to create a water-filled channel in the membrane; however, achieving the complete lysis of the gram-negative bacterial membrane requires higher-order oligomerization of HD5. Our results suggest that HD5 employs the toroidal pore formation mechanism to disrupt the integrity of the LPS membrane. Furthermore, we identified that the primary energy barrier obstructing HD5 from traversing the membrane is localized within the hydrophobic core of the membrane, which is also observed for other defensins. Additionally, our study demonstrates that a mixture of HD5-LPS leads to a thinning of the membrane. Taken together, this work provides a deeper insight into the molecular intricacies governing the behavior of HD5 as it translocates through the gram-negative bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadsanee Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phoom Chairatana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pongprayoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Mourenza A, Ganesan R, Camarero JA. Resistance is futile: targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria with de novo Cys-rich cyclic polypeptides. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:722-735. [PMID: 37799576 PMCID: PMC10549238 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for novel antimicrobial agents to combat microbial pathogens is intensifying in response to rapid drug resistance development to current antibiotic therapeutics. The use of disulfide-rich head-to-tail cyclized polypeptides as molecular frameworks for designing a new type of peptide antibiotics is gaining increasing attention among the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. The use of macrocyclic peptides, further constrained by the presence of several disulfide bonds, makes these peptide frameworks remarkably more stable to thermal, biological, and chemical degradation showing better activities when compared to their linear analogs. Many of these novel peptide scaffolds have been shown to have a high tolerance to sequence variability in those residues not involved in disulfide bonds, able to cross biological membranes, and efficiently target complex biomolecular interactions. Hence, these unique properties make the use of these scaffolds ideal for many biotechnological applications, including the design of novel peptide antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the new developments in the use of several disulfide-rich cyclic polypeptides, including cyclotides, θ-defensins, and sunflower trypsin inhibitor peptides, among others, in the development of novel antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mourenza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
| | - Rajasekaran Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
| | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA90033 USA
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3
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Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial Peptide Synergies for Fighting Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300472. [PMID: 37407512 PMCID: PMC10502873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential elements of thehost defense system. Characterized by heterogenous structures and broad-spectrumaction, they are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance. Thecombined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal ofdrugs with synergistic action, thereby overcoming the drawback of monotherapiesduring infections. AMPs kill microbes via pore formation, thus inhibitingintracellular functions. This mechanism of action by AMPs is an advantage overantibiotics as it hinders the development of drug resistance. The synergisticeffect of AMPs will allow the repurposing of conventional antimicrobials andenhance their clinical outcomes, reduce toxicity, and, most significantly,prevent the development of resistance. In this review, various synergies ofAMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents are discussed. The effect ofstructural diversity and chemical modification on AMP properties is firstaddressed and then different combinations that can lead to synergistic action,whether this combination is between AMPs and antimicrobials, or AMPs andmiscellaneous compounds, are attended. This review can serve as guidance whenredesigning and repurposing the use of AMPs in combination with other antimicrobialagents for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Mhlongo
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Ayman Y. Waddad
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
- CIBER‐BBNNetworking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicineand Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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4
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Lappin MJ, Dellett M, Mills KI, Lundy FT, Irwin CR. The neutralising and stimulatory effects of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105634. [PMID: 36773560 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of LL-37, a broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide expressed in periodontal tissues, on human gingival fibroblast responsiveness to microbial challenge and to explore the direct effects of LL-37 on human gingival fibroblasts. DESIGN The effect of LL-37 on bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of Interleukin (IL-6) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 8 was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LL-37's influence on bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced IκBα degradation was investigated by western blot. DNA microarray analysis initially determined the direct effects of LL-37 on gene expression, these findings were subsequently confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA analysis of selected genes. RESULTS Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 production by human gingival fibroblasts was significantly reduced in the presence of LL-37 at concentrations in the range of 1-10 µg/ml. LL-37 led to a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced IκBα degradation by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/ml). LL-37 (50 µg/ml) significantly altered the gene expression of 367 genes in human gingival fibroblasts by at least 2-fold. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, Interleukin-24 (IL-24), CXCL8, Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2, and Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 3 mRNA were significantly upregulated by LL-37. LL-37 also significantly stimulated expression of CXCL8, hepatocyte growth factor and CXCL1 at the protein level. CONCLUSION LL-37 plays an important regulatory role in the immunomodulatory activity of gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide -induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and directly stimulating the expression of an array of bioactive molecules involved in inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Dellett
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, UK
| | - K I Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, UK
| | - F T Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Baindara P, Ganguli S, Chakraborty R, Mandal SM. Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat. Clin Pract 2023; 13:125-147. [PMID: 36648852 PMCID: PMC9844411 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast surface area of the respiratory system acts as an initial site of contact for microbes and foreign particles. The whole respiratory epithelium is covered with a thin layer of the airway and alveolar secretions. Respiratory secretions contain host defense peptides (HDPs), such as defensins and cathelicidins, which are the best-studied antimicrobial components expressed in the respiratory tract. HDPs have an important role in the human body's initial line of defense against pathogenic microbes. Epithelial and immunological cells produce HDPs in the surface fluids of the lungs, which act as endogenous antibiotics in the respiratory tract. The production and action of these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical in the host's defense against respiratory infections. In this study, we have described all the HDPs secreted in the respiratory tract as well as how their expression is regulated during respiratory disorders. We focused on the transcriptional expression and regulation mechanisms of respiratory tract HDPs. Understanding how HDPs are controlled throughout infections might provide an alternative to relying on the host's innate immunity to combat respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sriradha Ganguli
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, P.O. NBU, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, P.O. NBU, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Zhang M, Ouyang J, Fu L, Xu C, Ge Y, Sun S, Li X, Lai S, Ke H, Yuan B, Yang K, Yu H, Gao L, Wang Y. Hydrophobicity Determines the Bacterial Killing Rate of α-Helical Antimicrobial Peptides and Influences the Bacterial Resistance Development. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14701-14720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Jianhong Ouyang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuke Ge
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Shian Lai
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto610-0394, Japan
| | - Hengte Ke
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong523808, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
| | - Lianghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
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7
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S100 Proteins as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Psoriasis and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196640. [PMID: 36235175 PMCID: PMC9572071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases affecting about 1-3% of the population. One of the characteristic abnormalities in psoriasis is the excessive production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins can be expressed differently in normal and diseased skin, reflecting their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their very important functions in innate immunity, members of host defense peptides and proteins are currently considered to be promising new therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. Koebnerisin (S100A15) belongs to an S100 family of antimicrobial proteins, which constitute the multigenetic group of calcium-binding proteins involved in ion-dependent cellular functions and regulation of immune mechanisms. S100A15 was first discovered to be overexpressed in 'koebnerized' psoriatic skin, indicating its involvement in the disease phenotype and the same promising potential as a new therapeutic target. This review describes the involvement of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in inflammatory diseases' development and therapy. The discussion focuses on S100 proteins, especially koebnerisin, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism of the Köebner phenomenon in psoriasis, as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases described in the last decade.
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8
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Ajish C, Yang S, Kumar SD, Kim EY, Min HJ, Lee CW, Shin SH, Shin SY. A novel hybrid peptide composed of LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 with enhanced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-biofilm activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4365. [PMID: 35288606 PMCID: PMC8921290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridizing two known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a simple and effective strategy for designing antimicrobial agents with enhanced cell selectivity against bacterial cells. Here, we generated a hybrid peptide Lf-KR in which LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 were linked with a Pro hinge to obtain a novel AMP with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm activities. Lf-KR exerted superior cell selectivity for bacterial cells over sheep red blood cells. Lf-KR showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities (MIC: 4–8 μM) against tested 12 bacterial strains and retained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of salts at physiological concentrations. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage assays showed that the enhanced antimicrobial activity of Lf-KR was due to increased permeabilization and depolarization of microbial membranes. Lf-KR significantly inhibited the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐α) in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In addition, Lf-KR showed a powerful eradication effect on preformed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) biofilms. We confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy that a large portion of the preformed MDRPA biofilm structure was perturbed by the addition of Lf-KR. Collectively, our results suggest that Lf-KR can be an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm candidate as a pharmaceutical agent.
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9
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Awang T, Pongprayoon P. The penetration of human defensin 5 (HD5) through bacterial outer membrane: simulation studies. J Mol Model 2021; 27:291. [PMID: 34546425 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is one of cationic antimicrobial peptides which plays a crucial role in an innate immune system in human body. HD5 shows the killing activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria by making a pore in a bacterial membrane and penetrating into a cytosol. Nonetheless, its pore-forming mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in this work, the constant-velocity steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation was used to simulate the permeation of a dimeric HD5 into a gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) membrane model. Arginine-rich HD5 is found to strongly interact with a LPS surface. Upon arrival, arginines on HD5 interact with lipid A head groups (a top part of LPS) and then drag these charged moieties down into a hydrophobic core resulting in the formation of water-filled pore. Although all arginines are found to interact with a membrane, Arg13 and Arg32 appear to play a dominant role in the HD5 adsorption on a gram-negative membrane. Furthermore, one chain of a dimeric HD5 is required for HD5 adhesion. The interactions of arginine-lipid A head groups play a major role in adhering a cationic HD5 on a membrane surface and retarding a HD5 passage in the meantime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadsanee Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pongprayoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Caiaffa KS, Dos Santos VR, Abuna GF, Santos-Filho NA, Cilli EM, Sakai VT, Cintra LTA, Duque C. Cytocompatibility and Synergy of EGCG and Cationic Peptides Against Bacteria Related to Endodontic Infections, in Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1808-1819. [PMID: 34402021 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the cytocompatibility and antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) associated with peptide LL-37 and its analogue KR-12-a5 against oral pathogens. The effect of the compounds on metabolism of fibroblasts was evaluated by methyltetrazolium assays. Antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum under planktonic conditions, on single- and dual-species biofilms and E. faecalis biofilms in dentinal tubules and analyzed by bacterial counts and confocal microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed considering p < 0.05. EGCG and peptide combinations were not toxic to fibroblasts. KR-12-a5 showed synergistic or addictive effects with EGCG and LL-37 against all bacteria tested. However, EGCG associated with KR-12-a5 demonstrated the highest bactericidal activity on all bacteria tested, at lower concentrations. In single-species biofilms, EGCG + KR-12-a5 eliminated S. mutans and A. israelii and reduced E. faecalis and F. nucleatum counts around 5 log CFU/mL. EGCG + KR-12-a5 reduced E. faecalis (-3.93 log CFU/mL) and eliminated S. mutans in dual-species biofilms. No growth of E. faecalis and significant reduction in A. israelii (-6.24 log CFU/mL) and F. nucleatum (-4.62 log CFU/mL) counts were detected in dual-species biofilms. The combination of EGCG and KR-12-a5 led to 88% of E. faecalis dead cells inside dentin tubules. The association of EGCG and KR-12-a5 was cytocompatible and promoted synergistic effect against biofilms of bacteria associated with endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Flores Abuna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, São Paulo State University - Institute of Chemistry (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, São Paulo State University - Institute of Chemistry (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivien Thiemy Sakai
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Almaraz-De-Santiago J, Solis-Torres N, Quintana-Belmares R, Rodríguez-Carlos A, Rivas-Santiago B, Huerta-García J, Mercado-Reyes M, Enciso-Moreno JA, Villagomez-Castro J, González-Curiel I, Osornio-Vargas Á, Rivas-Santiago CE. Long-term exposure to particulate matter from air pollution alters airway β-defensin-3 and -4 and cathelicidin host defense peptides production in a murine model. Peptides 2021; 142:170581. [PMID: 34052349 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have associated long-term exposure to environmental air pollution particulate matter (PM) with the development of diverse health problems. They include infectious respiratory diseases related to the deregulation of some innate immune response mechanisms, such as the host defense peptides' expression. Herein, we evaluated in BALB/c mice the effect of long-standing exposure (60 days) to urban-PM from the south of Mexico City, with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) on the lung's gene expression and production of three host defense peptides (HDPs); murine beta-defensin-3, -4 (mBD-3, mBD-4) and cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP). We also evaluated mRNA levels of Il1b and Il10, two cytokines related to the expression of host defense peptides. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 differentially induced lung inflammation, being PM2.5, which caused higher inflammation levels, probably associated with a differential deposition on the airways, that facilitate the interaction with alveolar macrophages. Inflammation levels were associated with an early upregulation of the three HDPs assessed and an increment in Il1b mRNA levels. Interestingly, after 28 days of exposure, Il10 mRNA upregulation was observed and was associated with the downregulation of HDPs and Il1b mRNA levels. The upregulation of Il10 mRNA and suppression of HDPs might facilitate microbial colonization and the development of diseases associated with long-term exposure to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovany Almaraz-De-Santiago
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nancy Solis-Torres
- Master's Program in Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences School, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Raúl Quintana-Belmares
- Subdirección de Investigación Básic, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Josefina Huerta-García
- Laboratory of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Biological Sciences School, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Marisa Mercado-Reyes
- Laboratory of Conservation Biology, Biological Sciences School, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Jose A Enciso-Moreno
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Julio Villagomez-Castro
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Irma González-Curiel
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences and Chemical Technology, Chemistry Sciences School, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - César E Rivas-Santiago
- CONACYT-Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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12
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Peptide VSAK maintains tissue glucose uptake and attenuates pro-inflammatory responses caused by LPS in an experimental model of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a PET study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14752. [PMID: 34285283 PMCID: PMC8292390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation using Positron Emission Tomography shows how peptide VSAK can reduce the detrimental effects produced by lipopolysaccharides in Dutch dwarf rabbits, used to develop the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Animals concomitantly treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptide VSAK show important protection in the loss of radiolabeled-glucose uptake observed in diverse organs when animals are exclusively treated with LPS. Treatment with peptide VSAK prevented the onset of changes in serum levels of glucose and insulin associated with the establishment of SIRS and the insulin resistance-like syndrome. Treatment with peptide VSAK also allowed an important attenuation in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-treated animals. As a whole, our data suggest that peptide VSAK might be considered as a candidate in the development of new therapeutic possibilities focused on mitigating the harmful effects produced by lipopolysaccharides during the course of SIRS.
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13
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Chéneau C, Eichholz K, Tran TH, Tran TTP, Paris O, Henriquet C, Bajramovic JJ, Pugniere M, Kremer EJ. Lactoferrin Retargets Human Adenoviruses to TLR4 to Induce an Abortive NLRP3-Associated Pyroptotic Response in Human Phagocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685218. [PMID: 34093588 PMCID: PMC8173049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of clinical and preclinical investigations, we still poorly grasp our innate immune response to human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and their vectors. In this study, we explored the impact of lactoferrin on three HAdV types that are being used as vectors for vaccines. Lactoferrin is a secreted globular glycoprotein that influences direct and indirect innate immune response against a range of pathogens following a breach in tissue homeostasis. The mechanism by which lactoferrin complexes increases HAdV uptake and induce maturation of human phagocytes is unknown. We show that lactoferrin redirects HAdV types from species B, C, and D to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cell surface complexes. TLR4-mediated internalization of the HAdV-lactoferrin complex induced an NLRP3-associated response that consisted of cytokine release and transient disruption of plasma membrane integrity, without causing cell death. These data impact our understanding of HAdV immunogenicity and may provide ways to increase the efficacy of HAdV-based vectors/vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Chéneau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Karsten Eichholz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Tran
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Océane Paris
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Henriquet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Martine Pugniere
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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14
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Design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of vancomycin-LPS binding peptide conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 45:128122. [PMID: 34015504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel antibiotics is urgently needed with emergency of drug resistance. Vancomycin, the last resort for intractable Gram-positive bacterial infections, is ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin resistant bacteria. Herein, we report a series of novel vancomycin derivatives carrying LPS binding peptides, vancomycin-LPS binding peptide conjugates (VPCs). The LPS binding peptides were conjugated onto 4 sites of vancomycin via CuAAC or maleimide- sulfydryl addition, and the formed VPCs were screened against VISA/VRE and Gram-negative strains. VPCs exhibited enhanced activity against vancomycin resistant bacteria and obtained the activity against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, providing a novel strategy for vancomycin modification and glycopeptide antibiotics synthesis.
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15
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Viryasova GM, Golenkina EA, Hianik T, Soshnikova NV, Dolinnaya NG, Gaponova TV, Romanova YM, Sud’ina GF. Magic Peptide: Unique Properties of the LRR11 Peptide in the Activation of Leukotriene Synthesis in Human Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052671. [PMID: 33800897 PMCID: PMC7961786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated innate host defense mechanisms include pathogen elimination through bacterial phagocytosis, which activates the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) product synthesis. Here, we studied the effect of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), which mimic the receptor-recognized sites of bacterial (CpG-ODNs) and genomic (G-rich ODNs) DNAs released from the inflammatory area, on the neutrophil functions after cell stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium. A possible mechanism for ODN recognition by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and RAGE receptor has been proposed. We found for the first time that the combination of the magic peptide LRR11 from the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) of TLR9 with the CpG-ODNs modulates the uptake and signaling from ODNs, in particular, dramatically stimulates 5-LOX pathway. Using thickness shear mode acoustic method, we confirmed the specific binding of CpG-ODNs, but not G-rich ODN, to LRR11. The RAGE receptor has been shown to play an important role in promoting ODN uptake. Thus, FPS-ZM1, a high-affinity RAGE inhibitor, suppresses the synthesis of 5-LOX products and reduces the uptake of ODNs by neutrophils; the inhibitor effect being abolished by the addition of LRR11. The results obtained revealed that the studied peptide-ODN complexes possess high biological activity and can be promising for the development of effective vaccine adjuvants and antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina M. Viryasova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (G.M.V.); (E.A.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (G.M.V.); (E.A.G.)
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Nataliya V. Soshnikova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Department of Eukaryotic Transcription Factors, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nina G. Dolinnaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yulia M. Romanova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (G.M.V.); (E.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-3174
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16
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Napoli MD, Luccia BD, Vitiello G, D'Errico G, Carpentieri A, Pezzella A, Pizzo E, Notomista E, Varcamonti M, Zanfardino A. Characterisation of EFV12 a bio-active small peptide produced by the human intestinal isolate Lactobacillus gasseri SF1109. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:815-824. [PMID: 33245013 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
EFV12 is a small bioactive peptide produced by Lactobacillus gasseri SF1109, a human intestinal isolate with probiotic features. In this study, EFV12 antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties are characterised. In particular, we propose a possible mechanism of action for EFV12 involving bacterial membranes targeting. Moreover, we show that this small peptide is able to bind lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and to counteract its inflammatory insult preventing LPS action on Toll-like receptor 4, thus interfering with extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathways. Altogether these observations suggest that the bioactive peptide EFV12 is a good candidate to promote L. gasseri induced gut homeostasis and counteracting intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - B Di Luccia
- Department of Pathology and immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, 425 Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - G Vitiello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napels, Italy
| | - G D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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17
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Kumar SD, Shin SY. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of short dodecapeptides derived from duck cathelicidin: Plausible mechanism of bactericidal action and endotoxin neutralization. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Paduszynska MA, Greber KE, Paduszynski W, Sawicki W, Kamysz W. Activity of Temporin A and Short Lipopeptides Combined with Gentamicin against Biofilm Formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E566. [PMID: 32887236 PMCID: PMC7560174 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of biofilms on biomaterials causes biofilm-associated infections. Available treatments often fail to fight the microorganisms in the biofilm, creating serious risks for patient well-being and life. Due to their significant antibiofilm activities, antimicrobial peptides are being intensively investigated in this regard. A promising approach is a combination therapy that aims to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of antibiotics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of temporin A and the short lipopeptides (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 in combination with gentamicin against biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Peptides were synthesized with solid-phase temperature-assisted synthesis methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and the influence of combinations of compounds with gentamicin on bacterial biofilm were determined for reference strains of SA (ATCC 25923) and PA (ATCC 9027). The peptides exhibited significant potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against SA biofilm, but there was no synergy in activity against planktonic cells. The antibiotic applied alone demonstrated strong activity against planktonic cells and poor effectiveness against SA biofilm. Biofilm formed by PA was much more sensitive to gentamicin, but some positive influences of supplementation with peptides were noticed. The results of the performed experiments suggest that the potential application of peptides as adjuvant agents in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Anna Paduszynska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ewa Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | | | - Wieslaw Sawicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
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19
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Cantini F, Luzi C, Bouchemal N, Savarin P, Bozzi A, Sette M. Effect of positive charges in the structural interaction of crabrolin isoforms with lipopolysaccharide. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3271. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cantini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Nadia Bouchemal
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT LaboratoryUniversity of Paris 13 Bobigny France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT LaboratoryUniversity of Paris 13 Bobigny France
| | - Argante Bozzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Marco Sette
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT LaboratoryUniversity of Paris 13 Bobigny France
- Department of Chemical Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
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20
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Ahmad B, Li Z, Hanif Q, Hu Q, Wei X, Zhang L, Khan SA, Aihemaiti M, Gulzar H, Shahid M, Si D, Zhang R. A Hybrid Peptide DEFB-TP5 Expressed in Methylotrophic Yeast Neutralizes LPS With Potent Anti-inflammatory Activities. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:461. [PMID: 32457599 PMCID: PMC7221121 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DEFB-TP5 is a novel auspicious health-beneficial peptide derivative from two naturally occurring peptides, β-Defensin (DEFB) and thymopentin (TP5), and shows strong anti-inflammatory activity and binds to LPS without cytotoxicity and hemolytic effect. Furthermore, the application of DEFB-TP5 peptide is inadequate by its high cost. In the current study, we developed a biocompatible mechanism for expression of the DEFB-TP5 peptide in Pichia pastoris. The transgenic strain of hybrid DEFB-TP5 peptide with a molecular weight of 6.7kDa as predictable was obtained. The recombinant DEFB-TP5 peptide was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography, estimated 30.41 mg/L was obtained from the cell culture medium with 98.2% purity. Additionally, The purified DEFB-TP5 peptide significantly (p< 0.05) diminished the release of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This study will not only help to understand the molecular mechanism of expression that can potentially be used to develop an anti-endotoxin peptide but also to serve as the basis for the development of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents as well, which also provides a potential source for the production of recombinant bioactive DEFB-TP5 at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baseer Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qingyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maierhaba Aihemaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huma Gulzar
- College of Life Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Krishnakumari V, Binny TM, Adicherla H, Nagaraj R. Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide Modulates Biological Activities of Human-β-Defensin Analogues but Not Non-Ribosomally Synthesized Peptides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6366-6375. [PMID: 32258871 PMCID: PMC7114172 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human-β-defensins (HBD1-3) are antibacterial peptides containing three disulphide bonds. In the present study, the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the antibacterial activities of HBD2-3, C-terminal analogues having a single disulphide bond, Phd1-3, and their corresponding myristoylated analogues MPhd1-3 were investigated. The effect of LPS on the activities of linear amphipathic peptides melittin, LL37 and non-ribosomally synthesized peptides, polymyxin B, alamethicin, gramicidin A, and gramicidin S was also examined. The antibacterial activity of HBD 2-3, Phd1-3, and MPhd1-3 in the presence of LPS against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited. While LPS inhibited the antibacterial activity of LL37, the inhibition of melittin activity was partial. The hemolytic activity exhibited by MPhd1, MPhd3, melittin, and LL37 was inhibited in the presence of LPS. HBD2-3, Phd1-3, and MPhd1-3 also showed endotoxin neutralizing activity. The antibacterial and hemolytic activities of polymyxin B, alamethicin, gramicidin A, and gramicidin S were not inhibited in the presence of LPS. Fluorescence assays employing dansyl cadaverine showed that HBD2-3 and defensin analogues bind to LPS more strongly as compared to alamethicin, gramicidin A, and gramicidin S. Electron microscopy images indicated that peptides disintegrate the structure of LPS. The inhibition of the antibacterial activity of native defensins and analogues in the presence of LPS indicates that the initial interaction with the bacterial surface is similar. The native defensin sequence or structure is also not essential, although cationic charges are necessary for binding to LPS. Hydrophobic interaction is the main driving force for association of non-ribosomally synthesized polymyxin B, alamethicin, gramicidin A, and gramicidin S with LPS. It is likely that these peptides rapidly insert into membranes and do not interact with the bacterial cell surface, whereas cationic peptides such as β-defensin and their analogues, melittin and LL37, first interact with the bacterial cell surface and then the membrane. Our results suggest that evaluating interaction of antibacterial and hemolytic peptides with LPS is a compelling way of elucidating the mechanism of bacterial killing or hemolysis.
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22
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Laselva O, Stone TA, Bear CE, Deber CM. Anti-Infectives Restore ORKAMBI ® Rescue of F508del-CFTR Function in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected with Clinical Strains of P. aeruginosa. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020334. [PMID: 32092967 PMCID: PMC7072183 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection and inflammation are the primary causes of declining lung function in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. ORKAMBI® (Lumacaftor-Ivacaftor) is an approved combination therapy for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients bearing the most common mutation, F508del, in the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. It has been previously shown that ORKAMBI®-mediated rescue of CFTR is reduced by a pre-existing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here, we show that the infection of F508del-CFTR human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells with lab strain and four different clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, isolated from the lung sputum of CF patients, decreases CFTR function in a strain-specific manner by 48 to 88%. The treatment of infected cells with antibiotic tobramycin or cationic antimicrobial peptide 6K-F17 was found to decrease clinical strain bacterial growth on HBE cells and restore ORKAMBI®-mediated rescue of F508del-CFTR function. Further, 6K-F17 was found to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in infected HBE cells. The results provide strong evidence for a combination therapy approach involving CFTR modulators and anti-infectives (i.e., tobramycin and/or 6K-F17) to improve their overall efficacy in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (O.L.); (T.A.S.); (C.E.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tracy A. Stone
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (O.L.); (T.A.S.); (C.E.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christine E. Bear
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (O.L.); (T.A.S.); (C.E.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Charles M. Deber
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (O.L.); (T.A.S.); (C.E.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-813-5924
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23
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Development of chimeric peptides to facilitate the neutralisation of lipopolysaccharides during bactericidal targeting of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Commun Biol 2020; 3:41. [PMID: 31974490 PMCID: PMC6978316 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli can cause fatal diarrheal diseases in both animals and humans. However, no antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can adequately kill resistant bacteria and clear bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which leads to inflammation and sepsis. Here, the LPS-targeted smart chimeric peptides (SCPs)-A6 and G6 are generated by connecting LPS-targeting peptide-LBP14 and killing domain-N6 via different linkers. Rigid and flexible linkers retain the independent biological activities from each component. SCPs-A6 and G6 exert low toxicity and no bacterial resistance, and they more rapidly kill multiple-drug-resistant E. coli and more effectively neutralize LPS toxicity than N6 alone. The SCPs can enhance mouse survival more effectively than N6 or polymyxin B and alleviate lung injuries by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 activation. These findings uniquely show that SCPs-A6 and G6 may be promising dual-function candidates as improved antibacterial and anti-endotoxin agents to treat bacterial infection and sepsis. Wang ZL and Wang XM design bactericidal peptides in which an antimicrobial domain is fused to a domain that facilitates the neutralisation of lipoplysaccaride (LPS) to prevent inflammation associated with the targeting of Gram-negative bacteria. They characterise their properties and structures, and show their efficiency in vitro and in vivo.
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24
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Romero SM, Cardillo AB, Martínez Ceron MC, Camperi SA, Giudicessi SL. Temporins: An Approach of Potential Pharmaceutic Candidates. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019; 21:309-322. [PMID: 31804896 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides, are small and mostly polycationic molecules that form part of the innate immune response. There are currently more than 3000 experimentally reported AMPs. Particularly in frogs, the temporin family has been discovered as potential AMPs. The aim of this work is to review the latest publications about this class of peptides, discuss their properties, and present an update of the last studies and new discoveries in the field. More than 130 temporins have been identified in this family. The most studied temporins are temporin A (TA), temporin B (TB), and temporin L (TL). These peptides showed antimicrobial activity against gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Since the discovery of temporins in 1996, several groups of researchers isolated different peptides from various species of frogs that were included as members of this family. Although antimicrobial activity of many temporins has not been analyzed yet, most of them showed antimicrobial and antifungal activities. A combination of nanotechnology and AMPs for temporins in different antimicrobial treatments could be a promising alternative for resistant pathogens. These studies demonstrate that, even with the advancement in scientific research on the composition and antimicrobial activity of temporins, further studies are necessary to wholly understand their components and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris Romero
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Beatriz Cardillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Camila Martínez Ceron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Andrea Camperi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Laura Giudicessi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Dwivedi R, Aggarwal P, Bhavesh NS, Kaur KJ. Design of therapeutically improved analogue of the antimicrobial peptide, indolicidin, using a glycosylation strategy. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1443-1460. [PMID: 31485742 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Indolicidin is a member of cathelicidin family which displays broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Severe toxicity and aggregation propensity associated with indolicidin pose a huge limitation to its probable therapeutic application. We are reporting the use of glycosylation strategy to design an analogue of indolicidin and subsequently explore structural and functional effects of sugar on it. Our study led to the design of a potent antibacterial glycosylated peptide, [βGlc-T9,K7]indolicidin, which showed decreased toxicity against erythrocytes and macrophage cells and thus a higher therapeutic selectivity. The incorporation of sugar also increased the solubility of the peptide. The mode of bacterial killing, functional stability, LPS binding, and cytokine inhibitory potential of the peptide, however, seemed unaffected upon glycosylation. Absence of significant changes in structure upon glycosylation accounts for the possibly retained functions and mode of action of the peptide. Our report thus presents the designing of an indolicidin analogue with improved therapeutic potential by substituting aromatic amino acid with glycosylated amino acid as a promising strategy for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Priyanka Aggarwal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Neel S Bhavesh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kanwal J Kaur
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Huang C, Yang X, Huang J, Liu X, Yang X, Jin H, Huang Q, Li L, Zhou R. Porcine Beta-Defensin 2 Provides Protection Against Bacterial Infection by a Direct Bactericidal Activity and Alleviates Inflammation via Interference With the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1673. [PMID: 31379864 PMCID: PMC6657668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine beta-defensin 2 (PBD-2) which is a member of the family of antimicrobial peptides, is widely expressed in pig organs with a broad spectrum of bactericidal activities confirmed in vitro. We previously demonstrated that transgenic (TG) pigs overexpressing PBD-2 could resist the infection by the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In this study, the roles of PBD-2 in protecting against bacterial infection were further investigated. The biochemical indexes of the blood sample, body weights, histological morphologies, and weights of the organs of TG mice expressing PBD-2 were measured. Results confirmed that these mice showed normal physiological features. An assay of Salmonella Typhimurium infection was conducted on wild-type (WT) and TG mice. The TG mice possessed higher survival rate, less body weight loss, and pathological changes and smaller recovery rates of bacteria after infection with S. Typhimurium. The in vitro synthetic PBD-2 and the serum and tissue homogenates from the TG mice displayed a direct bactericidal activity. Moreover, PBD-2 could inhibit the release of the proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12, in the TG mice infected with S. Typhimurium or treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The WT mice treated with PBD-2 and S. Typhimurium or LPS showed reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 which expressed PBD-2 was constructed to detect the signal pathways affected by PBD-2. The suppressing effect of PBD-2 on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines was confirmed using RAW 264.7 either expressing PBD-2 or supplemented with PBD-2. The promoter activity and mRNA level of NF-κB were detected, and PBD-2 was shown to significantly inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by LPS. The direct interaction of PBD-2 with TLR4 was revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry and far-Western blot in vitro and the coimmunoprecipitation of PBD-2 with TLR4 on RAW 264.7 cells. This interaction indicates one reason for the interference of NF-κB activation. Overall, this study showed that PBD-2 protected against bacterial infection through a direct bactericidal activity and alleviated inflammation by interfering with the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Chen F, Tang Y, Zheng H, Xu Y, Wang J, Wang C. Roles of the Conserved Amino Acid Residues in Reduced Human Defensin 5: Cysteine and Arginine Are Indispensable for Its Antibacterial Action and LPS Neutralization. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1457-1465. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400037 China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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29
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Li H, Zhang S, Nie B, Long T, Qu X, Yue B. KR-12-a5 Reverses Adverse Effects of Lipopolysaccharides on HBMSC Osteogenic Differentiation by Influencing BMP/Smad and P38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 31231225 PMCID: PMC6561377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KR-12-a5 is an analogue of the antimicrobial peptide KR-12. Both of these two agents can play key effects in the treatment of infections such as osteomyelitis. Our previous work demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) can be enhanced by KR-12. The present study investigated if KR-12-a5 could reverse the adverse effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on HBMSC osteogenesis and the involved molecular mechanisms. We observed the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HBMSCs in the presence of KR-12-a5 by a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs was studied by alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin Red staining, and quantitative assays. Osteogenic differentiation marker levels were detected using real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which demonstrated that KR-12-a5 treatment reversed the inhibition of osteogenesis. Western blot analysis indicated that LPS-activated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was inhibited and BMP/Smad pathway was reactivated after KR-12-a5 treatment under induced osteogenic conditions. Furthermore, flow cytometry results demonstrated that KR-12-a5 relieved LPS-induced oxidative stress. Combining the LPS-treated mouse model results, we proved that KR-12-a5 reversed the adverse effects of LPS on HBMSC osteogenic differentiation by influencing the BMP/Smad and P38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Antimicrobial Host Defence Peptides: Immunomodulatory Functions and Translational Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:149-171. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Scheenstra MR, van den Belt M, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JLM, Schneider VAF, Ordonez SR, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins PMAP-36, LL-37 and CATH-2 are similar peptides with different modes of action. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4780. [PMID: 30886247 PMCID: PMC6423055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) play a pivotal role in innate immunity and have, in addition to antimicrobial activity, also important immunomodulatory functions. Bacteria are less likely to develop resistance against HDPs because these peptides target and kill bacteria in multiple ways, as well as modulate the immune system. Therefore, HDPs, and derivatives thereof, are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Hardly anything is known about the immunomodulatory functions of porcine cathelicidin PMAP-36. In this study, we aimed to determine both antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of PMAP-36 comparing the properties of PMAP-36 analogs with two well-studied peptides, human LL-37 and chicken CATH-2. Transmission electron microscopy revealed different killing mechanisms of E. coli for PMAP-36, CATH-2 and LL-37. LL-37 binds LPS very weakly in contrast to PMAP-36, but it inhibits LPS activation of macrophages the strongest. The first 11 amino acids of the N-terminal side of PMAP-36 are dispensable for E. coli killing, LPS-neutralization and binding. Deletion of four additional amino acids resulted in a strong decrease in activity. The activity of full length PMAP-36 was not affected by monomerization, whereas the shorter analogs require dimerization for proper immunomodulatory activity but not for their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R Scheenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias van den Belt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna L M Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. β-Defensins: Farming the Microbiome for Homeostasis and Health. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3072. [PMID: 30761155 PMCID: PMC6362941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis and protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component of microbiomes, and the most intensively studied, the microbiome also consists of viral, fungal, archael, and protozoan communities, about which comparatively little is known. Host-defense peptides (HDPs), originally described as antimicrobial, now have renewed significance as curators of the pervasive microbial loads required to maintain homeostasis and manage microbiome diversity. Harnessing HDP biology to transition away from non-selective, antibiotic-mediated treatments for clearance of microbes is a new paradigm, particularly in veterinary medicine. One family of evolutionarily conserved HDPs, β-defensins which are produced in diverse combinations by epithelial and immune cell populations, are multifunctional cationic peptides which manage the cross-talk between host and microbes and maintain a healthy yet dynamic equilibrium across mucosal systems. They are therefore key gatekeepers to the oral, respiratory, reproductive and enteric tissues, preventing pathogen-associated inflammation and disease and maintaining physiological normality. Expansions in the number of genes encoding these natural antibiotics have been described in the genomes of some species, the functional significance of which has only recently being appreciated. β-defensin expression has been documented pre-birth and disruptions in their regulation may play a role in maladaptive neonatal immune programming, thereby contributing to subsequent disease susceptibility. Here we review recent evidence supporting a critical role for β-defensins as farmers of the pervasive and complex prokaryotic ecosystems that occupy all body surfaces and cavities. We also share some new perspectives on the role of β-defensins as sensors of homeostasis and the immune vanguard particularly at sites of immunological privilege where inflammation is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G. Meade
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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McCurtain JL, Gilbertsen AJ, Evert C, Williams BJ, Hunter RC. Agmatine accumulation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates confers antibiotic tolerance and dampens host inflammation. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:446-455. [PMID: 30688634 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes diverse physiological changes in response to inflammation, antibiotic pressure, oxidative stress and a dynamic bioavailable nutrient pool. These include loss-of-function mutations that result in reduced virulence, altered metabolism and other phenotypes that are thought to confer a selective advantage for long-term persistence. Recently, clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that hyperproduce agmatine (decarboxylated arginine) were cultured from individuals with CF. Sputum concentrations of this metabolite were also shown to correlate with disease severity. This raised the question of whether agmatine accumulation might also confer a selective advantage for P. aeruginosa during chronic colonization of the lung. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS We screened a library of P. aeruginosa CF clinical isolates and found that ~5 % of subjects harboured isolates with an agmatine hyperproducing phenotype. Agmatine accumulation was a direct result of mutations in aguA, encoding the arginine deiminase that catalyses the conversion of agmatine into various polyamines. We also found that agmatine hyperproducing isolates (aguA-) had increased tolerance to the cationic antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin and colistin relative to their chromosomally complemented strains (aguA+). Finally, we revealed that agmatine diminishes IL-8 production by airway epithelial cells in response to bacterial infection, with a consequent decrease in neutrophil recruitment to the murine airways in an acute pneumonia model. CONCLUSION These data highlight a potential new role for bacterial-derived agmatine that may have important consequences for the long-term persistence of P. aeruginosa in the CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McCurtain
- 1 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adam J Gilbertsen
- 2 Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Clayton Evert
- 1 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bryan J Williams
- 2 Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan C Hunter
- 1 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Golda A, Kosikowska-Adamus P, Babyak O, Lech M, Wysocka M, Lesner A, Potempa J, Koziel J. Conjugate of Enkephalin and Temporin Peptides as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Sepsis. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4127-4139. [PMID: 30525485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit a wide spectrum of actions, ranging from a direct bactericidal effect to multifunctional activities as immune effector molecules. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of a DAL-PEG-DK5 conjugate composed of a lysine-rich derivative of amphibian temporin-1CEb (DK5) and dalargin (DAL), the synthetic Leu-enkephalin analogue. Detailed study of the endotoxin-neutralizing activity of the peptide revealed that DAL-PEG-DK5 interacts with LPS and the LPS binding protein (LBP). Moreover, DAL-PEG-DK5 prevented dimerization of TLR4 at the macrophage surface upon LPS stimulation. This inhibited activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and markedly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Finally, we showed that aggregation of DAL-PEG-DK5 into amyloid-like structures induced by LPS neutralized the endotoxin proinflammatory activity. Consequently, DAL-PEG-DK5 reduced morbidity and mortality in vivo, in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced septic shock. Collectively, the data suggest that DAL-PEG-DK5 is a promising therapeutic compound for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | | | - O Babyak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - M Lech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , 30-387 Krakow , Poland.,Department of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV , Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80366 Munich , Germany
| | - M Wysocka
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , 80-309 Gdansk , Poland
| | - A Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , 80-309 Gdansk , Poland
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , 30-387 Krakow , Poland.,Center of Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40202 , United States
| | - J Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
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35
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The adsorption of human defensin 5 on bacterial membranes: simulation studies. J Mol Model 2018; 24:273. [PMID: 30187138 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is one of the important antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) used against a broad-spectrum of pathogens, especially Gram-negative bacteria. HD5 kills by disrupting and making a pore in the bacterial membrane. The presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), located on a membrane surface, is found to have an impact on HD5's activity, where such binding mechanism in microscopic detail remains unclear. In this work, we therefore employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the binding mechanisms of HD5 on LPS in comparison to a bare DMPC lipid membrane. Two oligomers, dimer and tetramer, are studied here. Apparently, the membrane structure influences the protein binding affinity. HD5 binds tighter to a lipid membrane than LPS. Both dimeric and tetrameric HD5 can penetrate deeply into a phosphate layer in a lipid membrane, whereas only facial contacts are observed for LPS systems. The proteins appear to stay in the polar area instead of diving into a hydrophobic region. Furthermore, it happens in all cases that residues in the active region (A1, T2, R6, R13, R32) contribute to the membrane adsorption. The breakdown of tetramer into two dimers is also found. This implies that the dimer is more favorable for membrane binding. Moreover, both dimeric and tetrameric HD5 can significantly disrupt a LPS layer, whilst no serious distortion of lipid membrane is obtained. This emphasizes the importance of LPS on HD5 activity.
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36
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Structural basis for endotoxin neutralisation and anti-inflammatory activity of thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2762. [PMID: 30018388 PMCID: PMC6050251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs) of about 2 kDa are present in wounds, where they exert anti-endotoxic functions. Employing a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), biophysical, mass spectrometry and cellular studies combined with in silico multiscale modelling, we here determine the bound conformation of HVF18 (HVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE), a TCP generated by neutrophil elastase, in complex with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and define a previously undisclosed interaction between TCPs and human CD14. Further, we show that TCPs bind to the LPS-binding hydrophobic pocket of CD14 and identify the peptide region crucial for TCP interaction with LPS and CD14. Taken together, our results demonstrate the role of structural transitions in LPS complex formation and CD14 interaction, providing a molecular explanation for the previously observed therapeutic effects of TCPs in experimental models of bacterial sepsis and endotoxin shock. Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs) have anti-endotoxic functions in wounds by binding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Gram-negative bacteria. Here authors use a spectrum of biophysical techniques to determine the conformation of a TCP in complex with LPS and define the interaction between TCPs and CD14.
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Lee MW, Lee EY, Wong GCL. What Can Pleiotropic Proteins in Innate Immunity Teach Us about Bioconjugation and Molecular Design? Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2127-2139. [PMID: 29771496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A common bioengineering strategy to add function to a given molecule is by conjugation of a new moiety onto that molecule. Adding multiple functions in this way becomes increasingly challenging and leads to composite molecules with larger molecular weights. In this review, we attempt to gain a new perspective by looking at this problem in reverse, by examining nature's strategies of multiplexing different functions into the same pleiotropic molecule using emerging analysis techniques such as machine learning. We concentrate on examples from the innate immune system, which employs a finite repertoire of molecules for a broad range of tasks. An improved understanding of how diverse functions are multiplexed into a single molecule can inspire new approaches for the deterministic design of multifunctional molecules.
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38
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Wang J, Chou S, Yang Z, Yang Y, Wang Z, Song J, Dou X, Shan A. Combating Drug-Resistant Fungi with Novel Imperfectly Amphipathic Palindromic Peptides. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3889-3907. [PMID: 29648811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an important weapon against invading pathogens and are potential candidates as novel antibacterial agents, but their antifungal activities are not fully developed. In this study, a set of imperfectly amphipathic peptides was developed based on the imperfectly amphipathic palindromic structure R n(XRXXXRX)R n ( n = 1, 2; X represents L, I, F, or W), and the engineered peptides exhibited high antimicrobial activities against all fungi and bacteria tested (including fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans), with geometric mean (GM) MICs ranging from 2.2 to 6.62 μM. Of such peptides, 13 (I6) (RRIRIIIRIRR-NH2) that was Ile rich in its hydrophobic face had the highest antifungal activity (GMfungi = 1.64 μM) while showing low toxicity and high salt and serum tolerance. It also had dramatic LPS-neutralizing propensity and a potent membrane-disruptive mechanism against microbial cells. In summary, these findings were useful for short AMPs design to combat the growing threat of drug-resistant fungal and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Shuli Chou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Zhanyi Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
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Lee EY, Lee MW, Wong GCL. Modulation of toll-like receptor signaling by antimicrobial peptides. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 88:173-184. [PMID: 29432957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are typically thought of as molecular hole punchers that directly kill pathogens by membrane permeation. However, recent work has shown that AMPs are pleiotropic, multifunctional molecules that can strongly modulate immune responses. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the immunomodulatory properties of natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides, with a special focus on human cathelicidin and defensins. We also summarize the various mechanisms of AMP immune modulation and outline key structural rules underlying the recently-discovered phenomenon of AMP-mediated Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. In particular, we describe several complementary studies demonstrating how AMPs self-assemble with nucleic acids to form nanocrystalline complexes that amplify TLR-mediated inflammation. In a broader scope, we discuss how this new conceptual framework allows for the prediction of immunomodulatory behavior in AMPs, how the discovery of hidden antimicrobial activity in known immune signaling proteins can inform these predictions, and how these findings reshape our understanding of AMPs in normal host defense and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Recent Advances in Antibacterial and Antiendotoxic Peptides or Proteins from Marine Resources. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020057. [PMID: 29439417 PMCID: PMC5852485 DOI: 10.3390/md16020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pose a major threat to humans and animals and cause millions of deaths each year. Marine organisms are a valuable resource library of bioactive products with huge medicinal potential. Among them, antibacterial and antiendotoxic peptides or proteins, which are composed of metabolically tolerable residues, are present in many marine species, including marine vertebrates, invertebrates and microorganisms. A lot of studies have reported that these marine peptides and proteins or their derivatives exhibit potent antibacterial activity and antiendotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo. However, their categories, heterologous expression in microorganisms, physicochemical factors affecting peptide or protein interactions with bacterial LPS and LPS-neutralizing mechanism are not well known. In this review, we highlight the characteristics and anti-infective activity of bifunctional peptides or proteins from marine resources as well as the challenges and strategies for further study.
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de la Fuente-Núñez C, Silva ON, Lu TK, Franco OL. Antimicrobial peptides: Role in human disease and potential as immunotherapies. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Immuno-Stimulatory Peptides as a Potential Adjunct Therapy against Intra-Macrophagic Pathogens. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081297. [PMID: 28777342 PMCID: PMC6152048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases is increasingly prone to failure due to the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural components of the innate immune system of most living organisms. Their capacity to kill microbes through multiple mechanisms makes the development of bacterial resistance less likely. Additionally, AMPs have important immunomodulatory effects, which critically contribute to their role in host defense. In this paper, we review the most recent evidence for the importance of AMPs in host defense against intracellular pathogens, particularly intra-macrophagic pathogens, such as mycobacteria. Cathelicidins and defensins are reviewed in more detail, due to the abundance of studies on these molecules. The cell-intrinsic as well as the systemic immune-related effects of the different AMPs are discussed. In the face of the strong potential emerging from the reviewed studies, the prospects for future use of AMPs as part of the therapeutic armamentarium against infectious diseases are presented.
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Disruption of drug-resistant biofilms using de novo designed short α-helical antimicrobial peptides with idealized facial amphiphilicity. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:103-114. [PMID: 28457962 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance has increased pressure to develop novel therapeutic strategies to tackle drug-resistant infections. Antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a promising class of therapeutics for various systemic and topical clinical applications. In this study, the de novo design of α-helical peptides with idealized facial amphiphilicities, based on an understanding of the pertinent features of protein secondary structures, is presented. Synthetic amphiphiles composed of the backbone sequence (X1Y1Y2X2)n, where X1 and X2 are hydrophobic residues (Leu or Ile or Trp), Y1 and Y2 are cationic residues (Lys), and n is the number repeat units (2 or 2.5 or 3), demonstrated potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against clinical isolates of drug-susceptible and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Live-cell imaging revealed that the most selective peptide, (LKKL)3, promoted rapid permeabilization of bacterial membranes. Importantly, (LKKL)3 not only suppressed biofilm growth, but effectively disrupted mature biofilms after only 2h of treatment. The peptides (LKKL)3 and (WKKW)3 suppressed the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators to levels of unstimulated controls at low micromolar concentrations. Thus, the rational design strategies proposed herein can be implemented to develop potent, selective and multifunctional α-helical peptides to eradicate drug-resistant biofilm-associated infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly explored as therapeutics for drug-resistant and biofilm-related infections to help expand the size and quality of the current antibiotic pipeline in the face of mounting antimicrobial resistance. Here, synthetic peptides rationally designed based upon principles governing the folding of natural α-helical AMPs, comprising the backbone sequence (X1Y1Y2X2)n, and which assemble into α-helical structures with idealized facial amphiphilicity, is presented. These multifunctional peptide amphiphiles demonstrate high bacterial selectivity, promote the disruption of pre-formed drug-resistant biofilms, and effectively neutralize endotoxins at low micromolar concentrations. Overall, the design strategies presented here could provide a useful tool for developing therapeutic peptides with broad-ranging clinical applications from the treatment and prevention of drug-resistant biofilms to the neutralization of bacterial endotoxins.
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Bosso A, Pirone L, Gaglione R, Pane K, Del Gatto A, Zaccaro L, Di Gaetano S, Diana D, Fattorusso R, Pedone E, Cafaro V, Haagsman HP, van Dijk A, Scheenstra MR, Zanfardino A, Crescenzi O, Arciello A, Varcamonti M, Veldhuizen EJA, Di Donato A, Notomista E, Pizzo E. A new cryptic host defense peptide identified in human 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 β-like: from in silico identification to experimental evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2342-2353. [PMID: 28454736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host defence peptides (HDPs) are evolutionarily conserved components of innate immunity. Human HDPs, produced by a variety of immune cells of hematopoietic and epithelial origin, are generally grouped into two families: beta structured defensins and variably-structured cathelicidins. We report the characterization of a very promising cryptic human HDP, here called GVF27, identified in 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 β-like protein. METHODS Conformational analysis of GVF27 and its propensity to bind endotoxins were performed by NMR, Circular Dichroism, Fluorescence and Dynamic Light Scattering experiments. Crystal violet and WST-1 assays, ATP leakage measurement and colony counting procedures were used to investigate antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, cytotoxicity and hemolytic activities. Anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS GVF27 possesses significant antibacterial properties on planktonic cells and sessile bacteria forming biofilm, as well as promising dose dependent abilities to inhibit attachment or eradicate existing mature biofilm. It is unstructured in aqueous buffer, whereas it tends to assume a helical conformation in mimic membrane environments as well as it is able to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Notably it is not toxic towards human and murine cell lines and triggers a significant innate immune response by attenuating expression levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins and release of nitric oxide in LPS induced macrophages. CONCLUSION Human GVF27 may offer significant advantages as leads for the design of human-specific therapeutics. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Human cryptic host defence peptides are naturally no immunogenic and for this they are a real alternative for solving the lack of effective antibiotics to control bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | | | - R Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - K Pane
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Diana
- IBB, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - R Fattorusso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - V Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - H P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - A van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - M R Scheenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - A Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - O Crescenzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - A Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Interspecies cathelicidin comparison reveals divergence in antimicrobial activity, TLR modulation, chemokine induction and regulation of phagocytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40874. [PMID: 28102367 PMCID: PMC5244392 DOI: 10.1038/srep40874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are short cationic peptides initially described as antimicrobial peptides, which can also modulate the immune system. Because most findings have been described in the context of human LL-37 or murine CRAMP, or have been investigated under varying conditions, it is unclear which functions are cathelicidin specific and which functions are general cathelicidin properties. This study compares 12 cathelicidins from 6 species under standardized conditions to better understand the conservation of cathelicidin functions. Most tested cathelicidins had strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli and/or MRSA. Interestingly, while more physiological culture conditions limit the antimicrobial activity of almost all cathelicidins against E. coli, activity against MRSA is enhanced. Seven out of 12 cathelicidins were able to neutralize LPS and another 7 cathelicidins were able to neutralize LTA; however, there was no correlation found with LPS neutralization. In contrast, only 4 cathelicidins enhanced DNA-induced TLR9 activation. In conclusion, these results provide new insight in the functional differences of cathelicidins both within and between species. In addition, these results underline the importance not to generalize cathelicidin functions and indicates that caution should be taken in extrapolating results from LL-37- or CRAMP-related studies to other animal settings.
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Abstract
The "golden era" of antibiotic discovery has long passed, but the need for new antibiotics has never been greater due to the emerging threat of antibiotic resistance. This urgency to develop new antibiotics has motivated researchers to find new methods to combat pathogenic microorganisms resulting in a surge of research focused around antimicrobial peptides (AMPs; also termed host defense peptides) and their potential as therapeutics. During the past few decades, more than 2000 AMPs have been identified from a diverse range of organisms (animals, fungi, plants, and bacteria). While these AMPs share a number of common features and a limited number of structural motifs; their sequences, activities, and targets differ considerably. In addition to their antimicrobial effects, AMPs can also exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-biofilm, and anticancer activities. These diverse functions have spurred tremendous interest in research aimed at understanding the activity of AMPs, and various protocols have been described to assess different aspects of AMP function including screening and evaluating the activities of natural and synthetic AMPs, measuring interactions with membranes, optimizing peptide function, and scaling up peptide production. Here, we provide a general overview of AMPs and introduce some of the methodologies that have been used to advance AMP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Sarah C Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
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47
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Ma Z, Yang J, Han J, Gao L, Liu H, Lu Z, Zhao H, Bie X. Insights into the Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Engineered α-Helical Peptide Amphiphiles. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10946-10962. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing
and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of
Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei 6, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
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Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. Biochem J 2016; 473:4045-4062. [PMID: 27609815 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action.
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Andrä J, Gutsmann T, Garidel P, Brandenburg K. Invited review: Mechanisms of endotoxin neutralization by synthetic cationic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519060120050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A basic challenge in the treatment of septic patients in critical care units is the release of bacterial pathogenicity factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) from the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria due to killing by antibiotics. LPS aggregates may interact with serum and membrane proteins such as LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and CD14 leading to the observed strong reaction of the immune system. Thus, an effective treatment of patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria must comprise beside bacterial killing the neutralization of endotoxins. Here, data are summarized for synthetic compounds indicating the stepwise development to very effective LPS-neutralizing agents. These data include synthetic peptides, based on the endotoxin-binding domains of natural binding proteins such as lactoferrin, Limulus anti-LPS factor, NK-lysin, and cathelicidins or based on LPS sequestering polyamines. Many of these compounds could be shown to act not only in vitro, but also in vivo (e.g . in animal models of sepsis), and might be useful in future clinical trials and in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Andrä
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Biophysics Division, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Biophysics Division, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Biophysics Division, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany,
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50
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Bowdish DM, Hancock RE. Anti-endotoxin properties of cationic host defence peptides and proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519050110040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system of mammals contains a series of peptides with overall positive charge and an amphipathic structure which have a variety of important properties in host defences. Although these are often termed cationic antimicrobial peptides, they have numerous roles in innate defences in all complex species of life and thus we prefer to refer to them as host defence peptides. These roles include: (i) an ability to kill micro-organisms directly, ranging from bacteria to viruses, fungi, parasites and helminths; (ii) an adjuvant activity in the adaptive response; and (iii) a multiplicity of roles in modulating innate immunity, including an apparent ability to stimulate protective innate immunity while suppressing harmful inflammatory/septic responses. This latter property may be one of the more important activities of these peptides in vivo. Innate immunity is thought to be triggered by the interaction of conserved bacterial components with particular receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on host cells. However, the initiation of the innate immune response through this route may trigger a pro-inflammatory cascade that is the principle cause of harmful conditions such as sepsis. Since we are exposed to potentially dangerous pathogens on a daily basis, the host response must contain certain checks and balances. We propose that host defence peptides have a role in feed-back modulation of inflammation under normal (low-pathogen exposure) conditions. This review surveys the available information regarding the antiendotoxic/anti-inflammatory properties of host defence peptides, and will address whether this potential might be exploited for therapeutic benefit in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M.E. Bowdish
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert E.W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
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