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Singh G, Satpathi S, Gopala Reddy BV, Singh MK, Sarangi S, Behera PK, Nayak B. Impact of various detergent-based immersion and perfusion decellularization strategies on the novel caprine pancreas derived extracellular matrix scaffold. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1253804. [PMID: 37790257 PMCID: PMC10544968 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1253804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited availability of the organs donors has facilitated the establishment of xenogeneic organ sources for transplantation. Numerous studies have decellularized several organs and assessed their implantability in order to provide such organs. Among all the decellularized organs studies for xenotransplantation, the pancreas has garnered very limited amount of research. The presently offered alternatives for pancreas transplantation are unable to liberate patients from donor dependence. The rat and mice pancreas are not of an accurate size for transplantation but can only be used for in-vitro studies mimicking in-vivo immune response in humans, while the porcine pancreas can cause zoonotic diseases as it carries porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV- A/B/C). Therefore, we propose caprine pancreas as a substitute for these organs, which not only reduces donor dependence but also poses no risk of zoonosis. Upon decellularization the extracellular matrix (ECM) of different tissues responds differently to the detergents used for decellularization at physical and physiological level; this necessitates a comprehensive analysis of each tissue independently. This study investigates the impact of decellularization by ionic (SDS and SDC), non-ionic (Triton X-100 and Tween-20), and zwitterionic detergents (CHAPS). All these five detergents have been used to decellularize caprine pancreas via immersion (ID) and perfusion (PD) set-up. In this study, an extensive comparison of these two configurations (ID and PD) with regard to each detergent has been conducted. The final obtained scaffold with each set-up has been evaluated for the left-over cytosolic content, ECM components like sGAG, collagen, and fibronectin were estimated via Prussian blue and Immunohistochemical staining respectively, and finally for the tensile strength and antimicrobial activity. All the detergents performed consistently superior in PD than in ID. Conclusively, PD with SDS, SDC, and TX-100 successfully decellularizes caprine pancreatic tissue while retaining ECM architecture and mechanical properties. This research demonstrates the viability of caprine pancreatic tissue as a substitute scaffold for porcine organs and provides optimal decellularization protocol for this xenogeneic tissue. This research aims to establish a foundation for further investigations into potential regenerative strategies using this ECM in combination with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Bora Venu Gopala Reddy
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Samchita Sarangi
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Bismita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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2
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Sahl C, Baumgarten M, Shannon O, Påhlman LI. Exoproducts of the Most Common Achromobacter Species in Cystic Fibrosis Evoke Similar Inflammatory Responses In Vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0019523. [PMID: 37284754 PMCID: PMC10434066 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00195-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter is a genus of Gram-negative rods, which can cause persistent airway infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The knowledge about virulence and clinical implications of Achromobacter is still limited, and it is not fully established whether Achromobacter infections contribute to disease progression or if it is a marker of poor lung function. The most commonly reported Achromobacter species in CF is A. xylosoxidans. While other Achromobacter spp. are also identified in CF airways, the currently used Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method in routine diagnostics cannot distinguish between species. Differences in virulence between Achromobacter species have consequently not been well studied. In this study, we compare phenotypes and proinflammatory properties of A. xylosoxidans, A. dolens, A. insuavis, and A. ruhlandii using in vitro models. Bacterial supernatants were used to stimulate CF bronchial epithelial cells and whole blood from healthy individuals. Supernatants from the well-characterized CF-pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included for comparison. Inflammatory mediators were analyzed with ELISA and leukocyte activation was assessed using flow cytometry. The four Achromobacter species differed in morphology seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), but there were no observed differences in swimming motility or biofilm formation. Exoproducts from all Achromobacter species except A. insuavis caused significant IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from CF lung epithelium. The cytokine release was equivalent or stronger than the response induced by P. aeruginosa. All Achromobacter species activated neutrophils and monocytes ex vivo in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-independent manner. Our results indicate that exoproducts of the four included Achromobacter species do not differ consistently in causing inflammatory responses, but they are equally or even more capable of inducing inflammation compared with the classical CF pathogen P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging pathogen among people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Current routine diagnostic methods are often unable to distinguish A. xylosoxidans from other Achromobacter species, and the clinical relevance of different species is still unknown. In this work, we show that four different Achromobacter species relevant to CF evoke similar inflammatory responses from airway epithelium and leukocytes in vitro, but they are all equally or even more proinflammatory compared to the classic CF-pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results suggest that Achromobacter species are important airway pathogens in CF, and that all Achromobacter species are relevant to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa I. Påhlman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Szadkowska M, Olewniczak M, Kloska A, Jankowska E, Kapusta M, Rybak B, Wyrzykowski D, Zmudzinska W, Gieldon A, Kocot A, Kaczorowska AK, Nierzwicki L, Makowska J, Kaczorowski T, Plotka M. A Novel Cryptic Clostridial Peptide That Kills Bacteria by a Cell Membrane Permeabilization Mechanism. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0165722. [PMID: 36094301 PMCID: PMC9602519 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01657-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports detailed characteristics of the antimicrobial peptide Intestinalin (P30), which is derived from the LysC enzyme of Clostridium intestinale strain URNW. The peptide shows a broader antibacterial spectrum than the parental enzyme, showing potent antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Gram-positive staphylococci and Gram-negative pathogens and causing between 3.04 ± 0.12 log kill for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 7.10 ± 0.05 log kill for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii KPD 581 at a 5 μM concentration. Moreover, Intestinalin (P30) prevents biofilm formation and destroys 24-h and 72-h biofilms formed by Acinetobacter baumannii CRAB KPD 205 (reduction levels of 4.28 and 2.62 log CFU/mL, respectively). The activity of Intestinalin is combined with both no cytotoxicity and little hemolytic effect against mammalian cells. The nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics (MD) data show a high tendency of Intestinalin to interact with the bacterial phospholipid cell membrane. Although positively charged, Intestinalin resides in the membrane and aggregates into small oligomers. Negatively charged phospholipids stabilize peptide oligomers to form water- and ion-permeable pores, disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membranes. Experimental data showed that Intestinalin interacts with negatively charged lipoteichoic acid (logK based on isothermal titration calorimetry, 7.45 ± 0.44), causes membrane depolarization, and affects membrane integrity by forming large pores, all of which result in loss of bacterial viability. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is rising rapidly among pathogenic bacteria, becoming a global public health problem that threatens the effectiveness of therapies for many infectious diseases. In this respect, antimicrobial peptides appear to be an interesting alternative to combat bacterial pathogens. Here, we report the characteristics of an antimicrobial peptide (of 30 amino acids) derived from the clostridial LysC enzyme. The peptide showed killing activity against clinical strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Experimental data and computational modeling showed that this peptide forms transmembrane pores, directly engaging the negatively charged phospholipids of the bacterial cell membrane. Consequently, dissipation of the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes affects many vital processes, such as ATP synthesis, motility, and transport of nutrients. This kind of dysfunction leads to the loss of bacterial viability. Our firm conviction is that the presented study will be a helpful resource in searching for novel antimicrobial peptides that could have the potential to replace conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szadkowska
- Laboratory of Extremophiles Biology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Olewniczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Jankowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Rybak
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zmudzinska
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Structure, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Laboratory of Simulation of Polymers, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kocot
- Laboratory of Extremophiles Biology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna-Karina Kaczorowska
- Collection of Plasmids and Microorganisms, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Nierzwicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Makowska
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaczorowski
- Laboratory of Extremophiles Biology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Plotka
- Laboratory of Extremophiles Biology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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4
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Zauner S, Vogel M, Polzin J, Yuen B, Mußmann M, El-Hacen EHM, Petersen JM. Microbial communities in developmental stages of lucinid bivalves. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:56. [PMID: 37938693 PMCID: PMC9723593 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves from the family Lucinidae host sulfur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts, which are housed inside specialized gill epithelial cells and are assumed to be acquired from the environment. However, little is known about the Lucinidae life cycle and symbiont acquisition in the wild. Some lucinid species broadcast their gametes into the surrounding water column, however, a few have been found to externally brood their offspring by the forming gelatinous egg masses. So far, symbiont transmission has only been investigated in one species that reproduces via broadcast spawning. Here, we show that the lucinid Loripes orbiculatus from the West African coast forms egg masses and these are dominated by diverse members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. The microbial communities of the egg masses were distinct from those in the environments surrounding lucinids, indicating that larvae may shape their associated microbiomes. The gill symbiont of the adults was undetectable in the developmental stages, supporting horizontal transmission of the symbiont with environmental symbiont acquisition after hatching from the egg masses. These results demonstrate that L. orbiculatus acquires symbionts from the environment independent of the host's reproductive strategy (brooding or broadcast spawning) and reveal previously unknown associations with microbes during lucinid early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zauner
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- University of Vienna, Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Margaret Vogel
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Polzin
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedict Yuen
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Mußmann
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - El-Hacen M El-Hacen
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parc National du Banc d'Arguin (PNBA) Chami, B.P. 5355, Wilaya de Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Mauritania
| | - Jillian M Petersen
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Jahagirdar S, Morris L, Benis N, Oppegaard O, Svenson M, Hyldegaard O, Skrede S, Norrby-Teglund A, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Saccenti E. Analysis of host-pathogen gene association networks reveals patient-specific response to streptococcal and polymicrobial necrotising soft tissue infections. BMC Med 2022; 20:173. [PMID: 35505341 PMCID: PMC9066942 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are rapidly progressing bacterial infections usually caused by either several pathogens in unison (polymicrobial infections) or Streptococcus pyogenes (mono-microbial infection). These infections are rare and are associated with high mortality rates. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in this heterogeneous group remain elusive. METHODS In this study, we built interactomes at both the population and individual levels consisting of host-pathogen interactions inferred from dual RNA-Seq gene transcriptomic profiles of the biopsies from NSTI patients. RESULTS NSTI type-specific responses in the host were uncovered. The S. pyogenes mono-microbial subnetwork was enriched with host genes annotated with involved in cytokine production and regulation of response to stress. The polymicrobial network consisted of several significant associations between different species (S. pyogenes, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Escherichia coli) and host genes. The host genes associated with S. pyogenes in this subnetwork were characterised by cellular response to cytokines. We further found several virulence factors including hyaluronan synthase, Sic1, Isp, SagF, SagG, ScfAB-operon, Fba and genes upstream and downstream of EndoS along with bacterial housekeeping genes interacting with the human stress and immune response in various subnetworks between host and pathogen. CONCLUSIONS At the population level, we found aetiology-dependent responses showing the potential modes of entry and immune evasion strategies employed by S. pyogenes, congruent with general cellular processes such as differentiation and proliferation. After stratifying the patients based on the subject-specific networks to study the patient-specific response, we observed different patient groups with different collagens, cytoskeleton and actin monomers in association with virulence factors, immunogenic proteins and housekeeping genes which we utilised to postulate differing modes of entry and immune evasion for different bacteria in relationship to the patients' phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevan Jahagirdar
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lorna Morris
- Lifeglimmer GmbH, Markelstraße 38, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nirupama Benis
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Present affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oddvar Oppegaard
- Department of Medicine, Division for infectious diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mattias Svenson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ole Hyldegaard
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steinar Skrede
- Department of Medicine, Division for infectious diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Norrby-Teglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Lifeglimmer GmbH, Markelstraße 38, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Pagán J, Benítez R, Ibarz A. Effect of enzymatic hydrolyzed protein from pig bones on some biological and functional properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:4626-4635. [PMID: 34629527 PMCID: PMC8479041 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pig bone residue is considered a potential source of hydrolysates from its protein with added value uses in the food industry. This work deals with the enzyme hydrolysis of pig bone protein. The conditions for extracting the protein hydrolysate were optimized and the equation obtained allowed samples with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) to be extracted to study how the biological properties of in-vitro hydrolized protein affected digestibility, determination of the inhibitory activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the antioxidant activity and its functional properties. It was found that the emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability increased at intermediate DH values, after which these properties decreased with the increase in DH. The in-vitro digestibility and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) of the hydrolysates are also clearly affected by the DH. The amino acid composition of the hydrolized protein is also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pagán
- Food Technology Department, Departament de Tecnologia D’Aliments, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia Spain
| | - Ricardo Benítez
- Grupo de Química de Productos Naturales (QPN), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Calle 5, Nº4-70, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Albert Ibarz
- Food Technology Department, Departament de Tecnologia D’Aliments, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia Spain
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7
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Gialeli C, Tuysuz EC, Staaf J, Guleed S, Paciorek V, Mörgelin M, Papadakos KS, Blom AM. Complement inhibitor CSMD1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor oncogenic signaling and sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:258. [PMID: 34404439 PMCID: PMC8371905 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a large membrane-bound tumor suppressor in breast cancer. The current study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of CSMD1 in highly invasive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS We examined the antitumor action of CSMD1 in three TNBC cell lines overexpressing CSMD1, MDA-MB-231, BT-20 and MDA-MB-486, in vitro using scanning electron microscopy, proteome array, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, proximity ligation assay, ELISA, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, tumorsphere formation assays and flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA expression pattern and clinical relevance of CSMD1 were evaluated in 3520 breast cancers from a modern population-based cohort. RESULTS CSMD1-expressing cells had distinct morphology, with reduced deposition of extracellular matrix components. We found altered expression of several cancer-related molecules, as well as diminished expression of signaling receptors including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), in CSMD1-expressing cells compared to control cells. A direct interaction of CSMD1 and EGFR was identified, with the EGF-EGFR induced signaling cascade impeded in the presence of CSMD1. Accordingly, we detected increased ubiquitination levels of EGFR upon activation in CSMD1-expressing cells, as well as increased degradation kinetics and chemosensitivity. Accordingly, CSMD1 expression rendered tumorspheres pretreated with gefitinib more sensitive to chemotherapy. In addition, higher mRNA levels of CSMD1 tend to be associated with better outcome of triple negative breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CSMD1 cross-talks with the EGFR endosomal trafficking cascade in a way that renders highly invasive breast cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy. Our study unravels one possible underlying molecular mechanism of CSMD1 tumor suppressor function and may provide novel avenues for design of better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Experimental Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Safia Guleed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Veronika Paciorek
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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8
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Jaynes JM, Sable R, Ronzetti M, Bautista W, Knotts Z, Abisoye-Ogunniyan A, Li D, Calvo R, Dashnyam M, Singh A, Guerin T, White J, Ravichandran S, Kumar P, Talsania K, Chen V, Ghebremedhin A, Karanam B, Bin Salam A, Amin R, Odzorig T, Aiken T, Nguyen V, Bian Y, Zarif JC, de Groot AE, Mehta M, Fan L, Hu X, Simeonov A, Pate N, Abu-Asab M, Ferrer M, Southall N, Ock CY, Zhao Y, Lopez H, Kozlov S, de Val N, Yates CC, Baljinnyam B, Marugan J, Rudloff U. Mannose receptor (CD206) activation in tumor-associated macrophages enhances adaptive and innate antitumor immune responses. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/530/eaax6337. [PMID: 32051227 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax6337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors elicit a detectable immune response including the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Unfortunately, this immune response is co-opted into contributing toward tumor growth instead of preventing its progression. We seek to reestablish an antitumor immune response by selectively targeting surface receptors and endogenous signaling processes of the macrophage subtypes driving cancer progression. RP-182 is a synthetic 10-mer amphipathic analog of host defense peptides that selectively induces a conformational switch of the mannose receptor CD206 expressed on TAMs displaying an M2-like phenotype. RP-182-mediated activation of this receptor in human and murine M2-like macrophages elicits a program of endocytosis, phagosome-lysosome formation, and autophagy and reprograms M2-like TAMs to an antitumor M1-like phenotype. In syngeneic and autochthonous murine cancer models, RP-182 suppressed tumor growth, extended survival, and was an effective combination partner with chemo- or immune checkpoint therapy. Antitumor activity of RP-182 was also observed in CD206high patient-derived xenotransplantation models. Mechanistically, via selective reduction of immunosuppressive M2-like TAMs, RP-182 improved adaptive and innate antitumor immune responses, including increased cancer cell phagocytosis by reprogrammed TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Jaynes
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Program, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.,Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Rushikesh Sable
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Ronzetti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wendy Bautista
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zachary Knotts
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abisola Abisoye-Ogunniyan
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.,Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Li
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raul Calvo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Myagmarjav Dashnyam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anju Singh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Theresa Guerin
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason White
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Parimal Kumar
- Sequencing Facility and Single Cell Analysis Facility, Advanced Technology Research Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Keyur Talsania
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Advanced Technology Research Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Vicky Chen
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Advanced Technology Research Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anghesom Ghebremedhin
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Ahmad Bin Salam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Ruksana Amin
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Taivan Odzorig
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Taylor Aiken
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Victoria Nguyen
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yansong Bian
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Amber E de Groot
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Monika Mehta
- Sequencing Facility and Single Cell Analysis Facility, Advanced Technology Research Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Lixin Fan
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, SAXS Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research of the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Nathan Pate
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section of Histopathology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- Department of Hemato Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Advanced Technology Research Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | | | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA.,Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 21701, USA
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
| | - Bolormaa Baljinnyam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Köhler A, Mörgelin M, Gebauer JM, Öcal S, Imhof T, Koch M, Nagata K, Paulsson M, Aumailley M, Baumann U, Zaucke F, Sengle G. New specific HSP47 functions in collagen subfamily chaperoning. FASEB J 2020; 34:12040-12052. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Köhler
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden
- Colzyx AB Lund Sweden
| | - Jan M. Gebauer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Sinan Öcal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Medical Faculty Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Medical Faculty Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Institute for Protein Dynamics Kyoto Sangyo University Kyoto Japan
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB) Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Cologne Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis Orthopedic University Hospital, Friedrichsheim gGmbh Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB) Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Cologne Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Faculty of Medicine University Hospital CologneUniversity of Cologne Cologne Germany
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10
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Nanoclay-induced bacterial flocculation for infection confinement. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 562:71-80. [PMID: 31837621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of size and charge of anionic nanoclays on their interactions with bacteria-mimicking lipid membranes, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated using ellipsometry, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements, and confocal microscopy combined with Live/Dead staining. Based on particle size and charge density, three different anionic hectorite nanoclays were employed, and investigated in the presence and absence of the net cationic human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES). In the absence of this peptide, the nanoclays were found not to bind to similarly anionic bacteria-mimicking model phospholipid membranes, nor to destabilize these. Similarly, while all nanoclays induced aggregation of Escherichia coli bacteria, the flocculated bacteria remained alive after aggregation. In contrast, LL-37 alone, i.e. in the absence of nanoclay particles, displays antimicrobial properties through membrane lysis, but does not cause bacterial aggregation in the concentration range investigated. After loading the nanoclays with LL-37, potent bacterial aggregation combined with bacterial membrane lysis was observed for all nanoclay sizes and charge densities. Demonstrating the potential of these combined systems for confinement of infection, LPS-induced NF-κB activation in human monocytes was found to be strongly suppressed after nanoclay-mediated aggregation, with a wide tolerance for nanoparticle size and charge density.
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11
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Antimicrobial Properties of Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9641456. [PMID: 31911931 PMCID: PMC6930736 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9641456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The necessity to manufacture graft materials with superior biocompatibility capabilities and biodegradability characteristics for tissue regeneration has led to the production of extracellular matrix- (ECM-) based scaffolds. Among their advantages are better capacity to allow cell colonization, which enables its successful integration into the tissue surrounding the area to be repaired. In addition, it has been shown that some of these scaffolds have antimicrobial activity, preventing possible infections; therefore, it could be used as an alternative to control surgical infection and decrease the use of antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this review is to collect the existing information about antimicrobial activity of the ECM and their components.
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12
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Raheem N, Straus SK. Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Peptides With Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Functions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2866. [PMID: 31921046 PMCID: PMC6927293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Recent work has shown that these molecules have great potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune modulators, anti-cancer agents and anti-inflammatories. A better understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of AMPs is an important part of the discovery of more potent and less toxic AMPs. Many models and techniques have been utilized to describe the MOA. This review will examine how biological assays and biophysical methods can be utilized in the context of the specific antibacterial and antibiofilm functions of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigare Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Pitt SJ, Hawthorne JA, Garcia-Maya M, Alexandrovich A, Symonds RC, Gunn A. Identification and characterisation of anti - Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins in mucus of the brown garden snail, Cornu aspersum. Br J Biomed Sci 2019; 76:129-136. [PMID: 30966874 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2019.1603794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Novel antimicrobial treatments are urgently needed. Previous work has shown that the mucus of the brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum) has antimicrobial properties, in particular against type culture collection strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesised that it would also be effective against clinical isolates of the bacterium and that investigation of fractions of the mucus would identify one or more proteins with anti-pseudomonal properties, which could be further characterised. Materials and methods: Mucus was extracted from snails collected from the wild. Antimicrobial activity against laboratory and clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa was determined in disc diffusion assays. Mucus was purified using size exclusion chromatography and fractions containing anti-pseudomonal activity identified. Mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography analysis of these fractions yielded partial peptide sequences. These were used to interrogate an RNA transcriptome generated from whole snails. Results: Mucus from C. aspersum inhibited growth of type collection strains and clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa. Four novel C. aspersum proteins were identified; at least three are likely to have antimicrobial properties. The most interesting is a 37.4 kDa protein whilst smaller proteins, one 17.5 kDa and one 18.6 kDa also appear to have activity against Ps. aeruginosa. Conclusions: The study has identified novel proteins with antimicrobial properties which could be used to develop treatments for use in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Pitt
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - J A Hawthorne
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - M Garcia-Maya
- b Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London , London, UK
| | - A Alexandrovich
- b Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London , London, UK
| | - R C Symonds
- c School of Natural Sciences and Psychology , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - A Gunn
- c School of Natural Sciences and Psychology , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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14
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Haney EF, Straus SK, Hancock REW. Reassessing the Host Defense Peptide Landscape. Front Chem 2019; 7:43. [PMID: 30778385 PMCID: PMC6369191 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research has demonstrated that small cationic amphipathic peptides have strong potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune modulators, and anti-inflammatories. Although traditionally termed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) these additional roles have prompted a shift in terminology to use the broader term host defense peptides (HDPs) to capture the multi-functional nature of these molecules. In this review, we critically examined the role of AMPs and HDPs in infectious diseases and inflammation. It is generally accepted that HDPs are multi-faceted mediators of a wide range of biological processes, with individual activities dependent on their polypeptide sequence. In this context, we explore the concept of chemical space as it applies to HDPs and hypothesize that the various functions and activities of this class of molecule exist on independent but overlapping activity landscapes. Finally, we outline several emerging functions and roles of HDPs and highlight how an improved understanding of these processes can potentially be leveraged to more fully realize the therapeutic promise of HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Yi Y, Lv Y, Zhang L, Yang J, Shi Q. High Throughput Identification of Antihypertensive Peptides from Fish Proteome Datasets. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E365. [PMID: 30279337 PMCID: PMC6212880 DOI: 10.3390/md16100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antihypertensive peptides (AHTPs) are a group of small peptides with the main role to block key enzymes or receptors in the angiotensin genesis pathway. A great number of AHTPs have been isolated or digested from natural food resources; however, comprehensive studies on comparisons of AHTPs in various species from the perspective of big data are rare. Here, we established a simplified local AHTP database, and performed in situ mapping for high throughput identification of AHTPs with high antihypertensive activity from high-quality whole proteome datasets of 18 fish species. In the 35 identified AHTPs with reported high activity, we observed that Gly-Leu-Pro, Leu-Pro-Gly, and Val-Ser-Val are the major components of fish proteins, and AHTP hit numbers in various species demonstrated a similar distributing pattern. Interestingly, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is in possession of far more abundant AHTPs compared with other fish species. In addition, collagen subunit protein is the largest group with more matching AHTPs. Further exploration of two collagen subunits (col4a5 and col8a1) in more fish species suggested that the hit pattern of these conserved proteins among teleost is almost the same, and their phylogeny is consistent with the evolution of these fish species. In summary, our present study provides basic information for the relationship of AHTPs with fish proteins, which sheds light on rapid discovery of marine drugs or food additives from fish protein hydrolysates to alleviate hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Yi
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yunyun Lv
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
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