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Herd Prevalence Estimation of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Burden in the Three Main Dairy Production Regions of Germany (PraeMAP). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040447. [PMID: 35203155 PMCID: PMC8868392 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
On-farm environmental sampling is an effective method for herd-level diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and between-herd prevalence estimation. So far, no prevalence study enrolling important livestock-farming regions has been conducted. As the structure of dairy farming differs between main livestock-farming regions in Germany, our objective was to assess the between-herd prevalence of paratuberculosis for these regions in a standardized approach. Methods: In total, 457 randomly selected dairy farms from three regions of Germany (North: 183, East: 170, South: 104) were sampled between 2017 and 2019. Environmental samples (boot-swabs, aggregate feces and/or liquid manure samples) were cultured and analyzed using an IS900-qPCR for MAP determination. Of the 457 selected farms, 94 had at least one MAP-positive environmental sample with significant differences between regions regarding the apparent (North: 12.0%, East: 40.6%, South: 2.9%) or corrected true (North: 14.8%, East: 50.1%, South: 3.6%) between-herd prevalence. In conclusion, regional differences of between-herd prevalence of paratuberculosis are substantial in Germany, indicating the need for control approaches with different aims. Taking into account regional MAP prevalence, MAP-control programs should focus on on-farm prevalence reduction or on mitigating the risk of between-herd transmission, depending on region.
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Ramovic E, Madigan G, McDonnell S, Griffin D, Bracken E, NiGhallchoir E, Quinless E, Galligan A, Egan J, Prendergast DM. A pilot study using environmental screening to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Irish cattle herds. Ir Vet J 2020; 73:3. [PMID: 32082542 PMCID: PMC7024553 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-020-0156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy and beef cattle can be reservoirs of many pathogens, including Salmonella and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD). Farm environments may provide potential entry points for the transmission of infectious agents into the food chain. Antibiotics are used to treat a wide variety of infections on farms, and administration of antimicrobial agents to cattle is considered to be a driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Control of JD and AMR are priority for animal health initiatives in Ireland. A national JD pilot programme was introduced by Animal Health Ireland in 2014, while the national action plan launched by Department of Health and Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine introduced in 2017 aims to improve the surveillance of AMR. The current investigation was undertaken as a pilot study to determine the proportion of herds positive for MAP, Salmonella species (Salmonella spp), commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli), Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) AmpC β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli from 157 environmental faecal samples in Irish farms. Results MAP was detected in 10.2% of samples collected; on culture in 4 (4.9%) of the dairy herds and from 1 (1.3%) of the beef/suckler herds, and by PCR in 10 (12.3%) and 6 (7.9%) of these herds respectively. All culture positive herds were also positive by PCR. An additional 11 herds were positive by PCR only. Salmonella was not detected, while commensal E. coli were isolated from 70.7% of the samples (111/157) with 101 of these isolates shown to be fully susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Of the 27 presumptive ESBL AmpC β-lactamase producing E. coli detected, one isolate was resistant to ten antimicrobials, nine isolates were resistant to nine antimicrobials, and four isolates were resistant to eight antimicrobials. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli were not isolated. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of monitoring farm environments for Johne’s disease. This disease is a growing concern for dairy and beef producers in Ireland, and sampling the farm environment may offer a useful means to rapidly screen for the presence of MAP. Non-pathogenic common enteric commensal and multiple-drug-resistant E. coli may contribute to AMR acting as a reservoir and transferring resistance to other species/pathogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ramovic
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Gillian Madigan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Shannon McDonnell
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Denise Griffin
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Elaine Bracken
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Eadaoin NiGhallchoir
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Emma Quinless
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Aoife Galligan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - John Egan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Prendergast
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
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Schwalm AK, Metzger-Boddien C, Seemann G, Mandl J, Obiegala A, Pfeffer M, Sting R. Field study on bovine paratuberculosis using real-time PCR and liquid culture for testing environmental and individual fecal samples implemented in dairy cow management. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11260-11267. [PMID: 31563316 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a bacterial, chronic, and wasting intestinal disease caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Johne's disease causes severe losses in dairy farm productivity and is also suspected to be a potential trigger for Crohn's disease in humans. The fecal-oral infection of MAP to neonates is recognized as an important within-herd transmission route. Our objective was to recommend diagnostic methods for herds with suspected paratuberculosis requiring fast results, as well as for herds with breeding programs or others that aim at being nonsuspected of paratuberculosis infection. We determined a period of 8 wk from sampling to diagnostic findings suitable for testing of cows during the dry period. We therefore tested environmental and individual fecal samples with one rapid and one highly sensitive diagnostic method. Environmental samples (boot swabs) were taken as a first step in 3 herds and tested using a DNA extraction protocol for feces and subsequent real-time PCR (referred to as fecal PCR). Additionally, cultivation in liquid medium for 6 wk was performed and verified with real-time PCR (referred to as liquid culture). Automation of DNA extraction based on magnetic beads and the PCR setup was performed with pipetting robots. As a result, we successfully detected MAP in boot swabs of all herds by both methods. In a second step, 245 individual fecal samples from the 3 herds were examined using also fecal PCR and liquid culture. The results obtained by fecal PCR were compared with detection of MAP using cultivation in liquid medium for 6 wk. Testing individual cows, we identified MAP-specific DNA in 53 fecal samples using the liquid culture. Using fecal PCR, we revealed 43 positive samples of which 39 also tested positive in the liquid culture, revealing MAP-positive cows in all 3 herds. The fecal PCR procedure allows rapid detection of MAP-specific DNA with 74% of the sensitivity of liquid culture. For the purpose of testing with maximal sensitivity, cultivation in liquid medium is recommended. Cultivation of MAP in liquid medium M7H9C means a significant time gain in comparison to cultivation on solid media, which requires twice as much time. Thus, this testing fits within the 6- to 8-wk dry period of gravid cows and provides test results before calving, a prerequisite to prevent fecal-oral transmission to newborn calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Schwalm
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office, Stuttgart, Fellbach D 70736, Germany.
| | | | - G Seemann
- Animal Health Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg Animal Diseases Fund, Fellbach D 70736, Germany
| | - J Mandl
- Animal Health Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg Animal Diseases Fund, Fellbach D 70736, Germany
| | - A Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig D 04103, Germany
| | - M Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig D 04103, Germany
| | - R Sting
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office, Stuttgart, Fellbach D 70736, Germany
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What counts? A review of in vitro methods for the enumeration of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:265-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Corbett CS, De Buck J, Barkema HW. Effects of freezing on ability to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bovine tissues following culture. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:743-746. [PMID: 30029576 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718790781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the bacterium that causes Johne's disease in cattle. Although infected cattle can be identified by examining fecal, blood, or milk samples, the gold standard is identification of MAP in tissue samples postmortem. Although tissue samples are commonly frozen, the ability to detect MAP in frozen-thawed tissue samples has apparently not been reported. We therefore determined the ability to detect MAP in tissue samples following freezing. Tissue samples were collected from calves that were either inoculated (IN) 3 mo prior, or contact-exposed (CE) for 3 mo. Following autopsy, tissues were immediately processed for culture, followed by DNA extraction and detection by qPCR. Samples were categorized as positive or negative based on the cycle threshold (Ct) value. The remaining unprocessed tissue samples were frozen at -80°C. After 18 mo, 50 tissue samples designated MAP-positive were thawed and processed for detection of MAP. Four (8%) samples were qPCR-negative, and Ct values of the remaining 46 samples were higher after freezing. Given the small numerical change in Ct values for MAP-positive samples after 18 mo of frozen storage, freezing and thawing may have had some deleterious effects on MAP detection in tissues. Although the decrease in ability to detect MAP-positive samples was minor for IN calves, there may be a greater effect for CE calves that should be considered when freezing tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Corbett
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fock-Chow-Tho D, Topp E, Ibeagha-Awemu EA, Bissonnette N. Comparison of commercial DNA extraction kits and quantitative PCR systems for better sensitivity in detecting the causative agent of paratuberculosis in dairy cow fecal samples. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:572-581. [PMID: 27889120 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes ruminant paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) worldwide. Oral-fecal contamination is the most important mode of transmission of paratuberculosis, so eradicating MAP-shedding animals could prevent disease propagation. Fecal culture, a well-known method for MAP diagnosis, requires costly specialized media and a long incubation time that sometimes ends in disappointing bacterial contamination. To facilitate the efforts of control programs, we evaluated the performance of direct fecal quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for their sensitivity and robustness for MAP detection. Commercial kits use different strategies for extracting DNA, combined with qPCR systems, to detect the presence of MAP in fecal samples. In this study, we compared the sensitivity of 3 commercially available DNA extraction kits (A, B, and C) combined with 2 qPCR systems (T and V) for the detection of MAP in infectious cows. A total of 49 dairy cows from 5 herds were sampled twice a year for 3 yr and diagnosed using fecal culture and ELISA. Eight replicates of their fecal samples from the first sampling were tested using each DNA extraction method and qPCR detection system. Although all 3 of the commercial DNA extraction kits have been previously described as very efficient for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis, kit B provided the highest sensitivity. Indeed, 89% of the cows declared positive for paratuberculosis by both fecal culture and ELISA were identified with kit B, whereas only 23 and 43% of the cows were identified with kits A and C, respectively. Interestingly, kit B was able to detect some low-MAP shedders. The qPCR detection system also played a critical role: system T yielded qPCR with the highest sensitivity. The results of this study suggest that DNA extraction kit B combined with detection system T provides the best amplification of MAP DNA from fecal samples with the highest sensitivity and specificity. Although 1 DNA extraction and qPCR analysis should be adequate to confirm that an animal with diarrhea or other signs of paratuberculosis is positive, detecting low shedders at the highest sensitivity should include repetitive testing. This study demonstrates the importance of repetitions using the most appropriate method for extracting DNA from fecal samples, combined with a compatible qPCR system for identifying MAP-shedding animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fock-Chow-Tho
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada; Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - E Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - E A Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - N Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
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Arango-Sabogal JC, Labrecque O, Paré J, Fairbrother JH, Roy JP, Wellemans V, Fecteau G. Evaluation of a PCR assay on overgrown environmental samples cultured for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:638-645. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716662302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the definitive antemortem test method for paratuberculosis. Microbial overgrowth is a challenge for MAP culture, as it complicates, delays, and increases the cost of the process. Additionally, herd status determination is impeded when noninterpretable (NI) results are obtained. The performance of PCR is comparable to fecal culture, thus it may be a complementary detection tool to classify NI samples. Our study aimed to determine if MAP DNA can be identified by PCR performed on NI environmental samples and to evaluate the performance of PCR before and after the culture of these samples in liquid media. A total of 154 environmental samples (62 NI, 62 negative, and 30 positive) were analyzed by PCR before being incubated in an automated system. Growth was confirmed by acid-fast bacilli stain and then the same PCR method was again applied on incubated samples, regardless of culture and stain results. Change in MAP DNA after incubation was assessed by converting the PCR quantification cycle (Cq) values into fold change using the 2−ΔCq method (ΔCq = Cq after culture − Cq before culture). A total of 1.6% (standard error [SE] = 1.6) of the NI environmental samples had detectable MAP DNA. The PCR had a significantly better performance when applied after culture than before culture ( p = 0.004). After culture, a 66-fold change (SE = 17.1) in MAP DNA was observed on average. Performing a PCR on NI samples improves MAP culturing. The PCR method used in our study is a reliable and consistent method to classify NI environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Arango-Sabogal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
| | - Olivia Labrecque
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
| | - Julie Paré
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
| | - Julie-Hélène Fairbrother
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
| | - Vincent Wellemans
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Arango-Sabogal, Roy, Wellemans, Fecteau)
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Labrecque, Fairbrother)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Paré)
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Wolf R, Barkema H, De Buck J, Orsel K. Sampling location, herd size, and season influence Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis environmental culture results. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:275-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Faria ACS, Schwarz DGG, Carvalho IA, Rocha BB, De Carvalho Castro KN, Silva MR, Moreira MAS. Short communication: Viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in retail artisanal Coalho cheese from Northeastern Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4111-4. [PMID: 24797534 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis and it potentially plays a role in Crohn's disease. In humans, the main route of transmission of MAP might be the intake of contaminated milk and dairy products. Considering that MAP has already been detected in many types of cheese in different counties, and that Coalho cheese is an important dairy product in northeastern Brazil, the aim of this study was to report the first detection of MAP in retail Coalho cheese in Brazil by PCR and culture. Of 30 retail Coalho cheese samples, 3 (10%) amplified fragments of a similar size to that expected (626 bp) were obtained and viable MAP was recovered by culture from 1 (3.3%) sample. The DNA from the positive culture sample was sequenced and showed 99% identity with the insertion sequence IS900 deposited in GenBank. It was possible to identify the presence of MAP-specific DNA in the analyzed samples for the first time in Brazil, and to recover viable cells from retail Coalho cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C S Faria
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (FACISA/UNIVIÇOSA), Av. Maria de Paula Santana, 3815, Silvestre, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D G G Schwarz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I A Carvalho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B B Rocha
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K N De Carvalho Castro
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Meio Norte/Uep Parnaíba (EMBRAPA), Br 343, km 35, Cep 64200-970, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - M R Silva
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Gado de Leite (EMBRAPA), Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, CEP 36038-330, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - M A S Moreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Donat K, Schlotter K, Erhardt G, Brandt HR. Prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and control measures within the herd influence the performance of ELISA tests. Vet Rec 2014; 174:119. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Donat
- Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund; Thuringian Animal Health Service; Victor-Goerttler-Str. 4 Jena D-07745 Germany
| | - K. Schlotter
- Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund; Thuringian Animal Health Service; Victor-Goerttler-Str. 4 Jena D-07745 Germany
- Bavarian Animal Health Service e. V.; Senator-Gerauer-Straße 23 Grub/Poing D-85586 Germany
| | - G. Erhardt
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Justus Liebig University; Ludwigstraße 21b Gießen D-35390 Germany
| | - H. R. Brandt
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Justus Liebig University; Ludwigstraße 21b Gießen D-35390 Germany
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Sting R, Hrubenja M, Mandl J, Seemann G, Salditt A, Waibel S. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces using different procedures of pre-treatment for real-time PCR in comparison to culture. Vet J 2014; 199:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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