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Agha MM, Aziziyan F, Uversky VN. Each big journey starts with a first step: Importance of oligomerization. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:111-141. [PMID: 38811079 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Protein oligomers, widely found in nature, have significant physiological and pathological functions. They are classified into three groups based on their function and toxicity. Significant advancements are being achieved in the development of functional oligomers, with a focus on various applications and their engineering. The antimicrobial peptides oligomers play roles in death of bacterial and cancer cells. The predominant pathogenic species in neurodegenerative disorders, as shown by recent results, are amyloid oligomers, which are the main subject of this chapter. They are generated throughout the aggregation process, serving as both intermediates in the subsequent aggregation pathways and ultimate products. Some of them may possess potent cytotoxic properties and through diverse mechanisms cause cellular impairment, and ultimately, the death of cells and disease progression. Information regarding their structure, formation mechanism, and toxicity is limited due to their inherent instability and structural variability. This chapter aims to provide a concise overview of the current knowledge regarding amyloid oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Mirza Agha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United Staes.
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2
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Pushkarsky T, Ward A, Ivanov A, Lin X, Sviridov D, Nekhai S, Bukrinsky MI. Abundance of Nef and p-Tau217 in Brains of Individuals Diagnosed with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Correlate with Disease Severance. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1088-1097. [PMID: 34843091 PMCID: PMC8857174 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is a term used to describe a variety of neurological impairments observed in HIV-infected individuals. The pathogenic mechanisms of HAND and of its connection to HIV infection remain unknown, but one of the considered hypotheses suggests that HIV infection accelerates the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies suggested that HIV-1 Nef may contribute to HAND by inhibiting cholesterol efflux, increasing the abundance of lipid rafts, and affecting their functionality. Our comparative analysis of postmortem brain samples demonstrated a trend toward the decreased abundance of cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in samples from HIV-infected ART-treated individuals relative to samples from uninfected controls, and a reverse correlation between ABCA1 and flotillin 1, a marker for lipid rafts, in all analyzed samples. The brain samples from HIV-infected individuals, both with and without HAND, were characterized by the increased abundance of p-Tau217 peptide, which correlated with the abundance of flotillin 1. HIV-1 Nef was analyzed in samples from HAND-affected individuals by Western blot with 4 different antibodies and by LC–MS/MS, producing a Nef-positivity score. A significant correlation was found between this score and the abundance of flotillin 1, the abundance of p-Tau217, and the severity of HAND. These results highlight the contribution of Nef and Nef-dependent impairment of cholesterol efflux to HAND pathogenesis and support a connection between the pathogenesis of HAND and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pushkarsky
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Ward
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrey Ivanov
- College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xionghao Lin
- College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael I Bukrinsky
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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Yahi N, Di Scala C, Chahinian H, Fantini J. Innovative treatment targeting gangliosides aimed at blocking the formation of neurotoxic α-synuclein oligomers in Parkinson's disease. Glycoconj J 2021; 39:1-11. [PMID: 34328594 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder which exhibits many of the characteristics of a pandemic. Current therapeutic strategies are centered on the dopaminergic system, with limited efficacy, so that a treatment that has a direct impact on the underlying disease pathogenesis is urgently needed. Although α-synuclein is a privileged target for such therapies, this protein has been in the past wrongly considered as exclusively intracellular, so that the impact of paracrine neurotoxicity mechanisms in PD have been largely ignored. In this article we review the data showing that lipid rafts act as plasma membrane machineries for the formation of α-synuclein pore-like oligomers which trigger an increase of intracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ influx is responsible for a self-sustained cascade of neurotoxic events, including mitochondrial oxidative stress, tau phosphorylation, Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, Lewy body formation, and extracellular release of α-synuclein in exosomes. The first step of this cascade is the binding of α-synuclein to lipid raft gangliosides, suggesting that PD should be considered as both a proteinopathy and a ganglioside membrane disorder lipidopathy. Accordingly, blocking α-synuclein-ganglioside interactions should annihilate the whole neurotoxic cascade and stop disease progression. A pipeline of anti-oligomer molecules is under development, among which an in-silico designed synthetic peptide AmyP53 which is the first drug targeting gangliosides and thus able to prevent the formation of α-synuclein oligomers and all downstream neurotoxicity. These new therapeutic avenues challenge the current symptomatic approaches by finally targeting the root cause of PD through a long-awaited paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouara Yahi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Di Scala
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Chahinian
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France.
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Diociaiuti M, Bonanni R, Cariati I, Frank C, D’Arcangelo G. Amyloid Prefibrillar Oligomers: The Surprising Commonalities in Their Structure and Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126435. [PMID: 34208561 PMCID: PMC8235680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that a “common core” of pathologic pathways exists for the large family of amyloid-associated neurodegenerations, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, type II diabetes and Creutzfeldt–Jacob’s Disease. Aggregates of the involved proteins, independently from their primary sequence, induced neuron membrane permeabilization able to trigger an abnormal Ca2+ influx leading to synaptotoxicity, resulting in reduced expression of synaptic proteins and impaired synaptic transmission. Emerging evidence is now focusing on low-molecular-weight prefibrillar oligomers (PFOs), which mimic bacterial pore-forming toxins that form well-ordered oligomeric membrane-spanning pores. At the same time, the neuron membrane composition and its chemical microenvironment seem to play a pivotal role. In fact, the brain of AD patients contains increased fractions of anionic lipids able to favor cationic influx. However, up to now the existence of a specific “common structure” of the toxic aggregate, and a “common mechanism” by which it induces neuronal damage, synaptotoxicity and impaired synaptic transmission, is still an open hypothesis. In this review, we gathered information concerning this hypothesis, focusing on the proteins linked to several amyloid diseases. We noted commonalities in their structure and membrane activity, and their ability to induce Ca2+ influx, neurotoxicity, synaptotoxicity and impaired synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diociaiuti
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Ida Cariati
- PhD in Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (G.D.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Cariati I, Bonanni R, Marini M, Rinaldi AM, Zarrilli B, Tancredi V, Frank C, D’Arcangelo G, Diociaiuti M. Role of Electrostatic Interactions in Calcitonin Prefibrillar Oligomer-Induced Amyloid Neurotoxicity and Protective Effect of Neuraminidase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083947. [PMID: 33920464 PMCID: PMC8070249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmon calcitonin is a good model for studying amyloid behavior and neurotoxicity. Its slow aggregation rate allows the purification of low molecular weight prefibrillar oligomers, which are the most toxic species. It has been proposed that these species may cause amyloid pore formation in neuronal membranes through contact with negatively charged sialic acid residues of the ganglioside GM1. In particular, it has been proposed that an electrostatic interaction may be responsible for the initial contact between prefibrillar oligomers and GM1 contained in lipid rafts. Based on this evidence, the aim of our work was to investigate whether the neurotoxic action induced by calcitonin prefibrillar oligomers could be counteracted by treatment with neuraminidase, an enzyme that removes sialic acid residues from gangliosides. Therefore, we studied cell viability in HT22 cell lines and evaluated the effects on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation by in vitro extracellular recordings in mouse hippocampal slices. Our results showed that treatment with neuraminidase alters the surface charges of lipid rafts, preventing interaction between the calcitonin prefibrillar oligomers and GM1, and suggesting that the enzyme, depending on the concentration used, may have a partial or total protective action in terms of cell survival and modulation of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (Phd), Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (B.Z.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Mario Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (B.Z.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (B.Z.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Beatrice Zarrilli
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (B.Z.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (B.Z.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (B.Z.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Diociaiuti
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Diociaiuti M, Bombelli C, Zanetti-Polzi L, Belfiore M, Fioravanti R, Macchia G, Giordani C. The Interaction between Amyloid Prefibrillar Oligomers of Salmon Calcitonin and a Lipid-Raft Model: Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Membrane Damage, Ca 2+-Influx and Neurotoxicity. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010058. [PMID: 31905804 PMCID: PMC7022306 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the interaction between amyloid assemblies and “lipid-rafts”, we performed functional and structural experiments on salmon calcitonin (sCT) solutions rich in prefibrillar oligomers, proto- and mature-fibers interacting with liposomes made of monosialoganglioside-GM1 (4%), DPPC (48%) and cholesterol (48%). To focus on the role played by electrostatic forces and considering that sCT is positive and GM1 is negative at physiologic pH, we compared results with those relative to GM1-free liposomes while, to assess membrane fluidity effects, with those relative to cholesterol-free liposomes. We investigated functional effects by evaluating Ca2+-influx in liposomes and viability of HT22-DIFF neurons. Only neurotoxic solutions rich in unstructured prefibrillar oligomers were able to induce Ca2+-influx in the “lipid-rafts” model, suggesting that the two phenomena were correlated. Thus, we investigated protein conformation and membrane modifications occurring during the interaction: circular dichroism showed that “lipid-rafts” fostered the formation of β-structures and energy filtered-transmission electron microscopy that prefibrillar oligomers formed pores, similar to Aβ did. We speculate that electrostatic forces between the positive prefibrillar oligomers and the negative GM1 drive the initial binding while the hydrophobic profile and flexibility of prefibrillar oligomers, together with the membrane fluidity, are responsible for the subsequent pore formation leading to Ca2+-influx and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diociaiuti
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902981
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR-Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, UOS di Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Laura Zanetti-Polzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze Chimiche, Università dell’Aquila, via Vetoio (Coppito 1), 67010 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Marcello Belfiore
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Raoul Fioravanti
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.F.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Macchia
- Centro Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
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Nediani C, Ruzzolini J, Romani A, Calorini L. Oleuropein, a Bioactive Compound from Olea europaea L., as a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Agent in Non-Communicable Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E578. [PMID: 31766676 PMCID: PMC6943788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing scientific literature data suggest that the intake of natural bioactive compounds plays a critical role in preventing or reducing the occurrence of human chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Oleuropein, the main phenolic component of Olea europaea L., has attracted scientific attention for its several health beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio- and neuro-protective, and anti-cancer. This article is a narrative review focused on the current literature concerning the effect of oleuropein in NCDs, such as neuro- and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, and cancer, by its putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but also for its other peculiar actions such as an autophagy inducer and amyloid fibril growth inhibitor and, finally, for its anti-cancer effect. Despite the increasing number of published studies, looking at the beneficial effects of oleuropein, there is limited clinical evidence focused on the benefits of this polyphenol as a nutraceutical product in humans, and many problems are still to be resolved about its bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and dosage. Thus, future clinical randomized trials are needed to establish the relation between the beneficial effects and the mechanisms of action occurring in the human body in response to the intake of oleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.R.); (L.C.)
- Istituto Toscano Tumori and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Piazza di San Marco 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Amyloid diseases are of major concern all over the world due to a number of factors including: (i) aging population, (ii) increasing life span and (iii) lack of effective pharmacotherapy options. The past decade has seen intense research in discovering disease-modifying multi-targeting small molecules as therapeutic options. In recent years, targeting the amyloid cascade has emerged as an attractive strategy to discover novel neurotherapeutics. Formation of amyloid species, with different degrees of solubility and neurotoxicity is associated with the gradual decline in cognition leading to dementia/cell dysfunction. Here, in this chapter, we have described the recent scenario of amyloid diseases with a great deal of information about the structural features of oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils. Also, comprehensive details have been provided to differentiate the degree of toxicity associated with prefibrillar aggregates. Moreover, a review of the technologies that aid characterisation of oligomer, protofibrils and fibrils as well as various inhibition strategies to overcome protein fibrillation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Sadia Malik
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India.
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Ariga T. The Pathogenic Role of Ganglioside Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease-Cholinergic Neuron-Specific Gangliosides and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 54:623-638. [PMID: 26748510 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia with clinical symptoms that include deficits in memory, judgment, thinking, and behavior. Gangliosides are present on the outer surface of plasma membranes and are especially abundant in the nervous tissues of vertebrates. Ganglioside metabolism, especially the cholinergic neuron-specific gangliosides, GQ1bα and GT1aα, is altered in mouse model of AD and patients with AD. Thus, alterations in ganglioside metabolism may participate in several events related to the pathogenesis of AD. Increased expressions of GT1aα may reflect cholinergic neurogenesis. Most changes in ganglioside metabolism occur in the specific brain areas and their lipid rafts. Targeting ganglioside metabolism in lipid rafts may represent an underexploited opportunity to design novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan.
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Age- and brain region-dependent α-synuclein oligomerization is attributed to alterations in intrinsic enzymes regulating α-synuclein phosphorylation in aging monkey brains. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8466-80. [PMID: 27032368 PMCID: PMC4890980 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the levels of α-syn oligomers, which play pivotal pathogenic roles in age-related Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies, increase heterogeneously in the aging brain. Here, we show that exogenous α-syn incubated with brain extracts from older cynomolgus monkeys and in Lewy body pathology (LBP)-susceptible brain regions (striatum and hippocampus) forms higher amounts of phosphorylated and oligomeric α-syn than that in extracts from younger monkeys and LBP-insusceptible brain regions (cerebellum and occipital cortex). The increased α-syn phosphorylation and oligomerization in the brain extracts from older monkeys and in LBP-susceptible brain regions were associated with higher levels of polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2), an enzyme promoting α-syn phosphorylation, and lower activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an enzyme inhibiting α-syn phosphorylation, in these brain extracts. Further, the extent of the age- and brain-dependent increase in α-syn phosphorylation and oligomerization was reduced by inhibition of PLK2 and activation of PP2A. Inversely, phosphorylated α-syn oligomers reduced the activity of PP2A and showed potent cytotoxicity. In addition, the activity of GCase and the levels of ceramide, a product of GCase shown to activate PP2A, were lower in brain extracts from older monkeys and in LBP-susceptible brain regions. Our results suggest a role for altered intrinsic metabolic enzymes in age- and brain region-dependent α-syn oligomerization in aging brains.
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Diociaiuti M, Giordani C, Kamel GS, Brasili F, Sennato S, Bombelli C, Meneses KY, Giraldo MA, Bordi F. Monosialoganglioside-GM1 triggers binding of the amyloid-protein salmon calcitonin to a Langmuir membrane model mimicking the occurrence of lipid-rafts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:365-375. [PMID: 28955978 PMCID: PMC5614544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 ganglioside is known to be involved in the amyloid-associated diseases and it is a crucial factor for the assembly of amyloid proteins on lipid-rafts, which are lipid structures located on the synaptic plasma membranes. Due to its slow aggregation rate, we employed salmon calcitonin (sCT) as a suitable probe representative of amyloid proteins, to study the interaction between this class of proteins and a membrane model. Here, we prepared a neuronal membrane model by depositing onto mica two Langmuir-Blodgett films in liquid-condensed phase: the outer monolayer was characterized by high content of GM1 (50%) and minority parts of cholesterol and POPC (25-25%), while the inner one by plain POPC. To deeply investigate the interaction of sCT with this model and the role-played by GM1, we prepared the outer leaflet adding sCT at a concentration such that the number of proteins equals that of GM1. Atomic Force Microscopy revealed the occurrence of two distinct kinds of flat surfaces, with globular aggregates localized exclusively on top of the highest one. To unravel the nature of the interaction, we studied by ζ-potential technique liposomes composed as the outer leaflet of the model. Results demonstrated that an electrostatic interaction sCT-GM1 occurred. Finally, to investigate the interaction thermodynamics between sCT and the outer leaflet, Langmuir films as the outer monolayer and containing increasing content of sCT were studied by compression isotherms and Brewster Angle Microscopy experiments. Based on the all body of results we propose an interaction model where GM1 plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diociaiuti
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence to: Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gihan S. Kamel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Brasili
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karen Y. Meneses
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marco A. Giraldo
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Inhibitory effects of magnolol and honokiol on human calcitonin aggregation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13556. [PMID: 26324190 PMCID: PMC4555095 DOI: 10.1038/srep13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation is associated with multiple amyloidosis diseases. Human calcitonin (hCT) is a typical amyloidogenic peptide, its aggregation is associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC), and also limits its clinical application. Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine; its two major polyphenol components, magnolol (Mag) and honokiol (Hon), have displayed multiple functions. Polyphenols like flavonoids and their derivatives have been extensively studied as amyloid inhibitors. However, the anti-amyloidogenic property of a biphenyl backbone containing polyphenols such as Mag and Hon has not been reported. In this study, these two compounds were tested for their effects on hCT aggregation. We found that Mag and Hon both inhibited the amyloid formation of hCT, whereas Mag showed a stronger inhibitory effect; moreover, they both dose-dependently disassembled preformed hCT aggregates. Further immuno-dot blot and dynamic light scattering studies suggested Mag and Hon suppressed the aggregation of hCT both at the oligomerization and the fibrillation stages, while MTT-based and dye-leakage assays demonstrated that Mag and Hon effectively reduced cytotoxicity caused by hCT aggregates. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry indicated Mag and Hon both interact with hCT. Together, our study suggested a potential anti-amyloidogenic property of these two compounds and their structure related derivatives.
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13
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Wilcox KC, Marunde MR, Das A, Velasco PT, Kuhns BD, Marty MT, Jiang H, Luan CH, Sligar SG, Klein WL. Nanoscale Synaptic Membrane Mimetic Allows Unbiased High Throughput Screen That Targets Binding Sites for Alzheimer's-Associated Aβ Oligomers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125263. [PMID: 25928376 PMCID: PMC4415972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their value as sources of therapeutic drug targets, membrane proteomes are largely inaccessible to high-throughput screening (HTS) tools designed for soluble proteins. An important example comprises the membrane proteins that bind amyloid β oligomers (AβOs). AβOs are neurotoxic ligands thought to instigate the synapse damage that leads to Alzheimer's dementia. At present, the identities of initial AβO binding sites are highly uncertain, largely because of extensive protein-protein interactions that occur following attachment of AβOs to surface membranes. Here, we show that AβO binding sites can be obtained in a state suitable for unbiased HTS by encapsulating the solubilized synaptic membrane proteome into nanoscale lipid bilayers (Nanodiscs). This method gives a soluble membrane protein library (SMPL)--a collection of individualized synaptic proteins in a soluble state. Proteins within SMPL Nanodiscs showed enzymatic and ligand binding activity consistent with conformational integrity. AβOs were found to bind SMPL Nanodiscs with high affinity and specificity, with binding dependent on intact synaptic membrane proteins, and selective for the higher molecular weight oligomers known to accumulate at synapses. Combining SMPL Nanodiscs with a mix-incubate-read chemiluminescence assay provided a solution-based HTS platform to discover antagonists of AβO binding. Screening a library of 2700 drug-like compounds and natural products yielded one compound that potently reduced AβO binding to SMPL Nanodiscs, synaptosomes, and synapses in nerve cell cultures. Although not a therapeutic candidate, this small molecule inhibitor of synaptic AβO binding will provide a useful experimental antagonist for future mechanistic studies of AβOs in Alzheimer's model systems. Overall, results provide proof of concept for using SMPLs in high throughput screening for AβO binding antagonists, and illustrate in general how a SMPL Nanodisc system can facilitate drug discovery for membrane protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Wilcox
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Marunde
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois—Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois—Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Pauline T. Velasco
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Benjamin D. Kuhns
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Marty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois—Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Haoming Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Chi-Hao Luan
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephen G. Sligar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois—Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois—Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - William L. Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
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Chen H, Wang M, Jiao A, Tang G, Zhu W, Zou P, Li T, Cui G, Gong P. Amyloid-β immunization enhances neurogenesis and cognitive ability in neonatal mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5340-5350. [PMID: 26131110 PMCID: PMC4483988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Whether Aβ actually has a physiological as well as a pathological role is not known. In order to investigate the effect of endogenous Aβ, wild type C57BL/6 mice were immunized with human or mouse derived Aβ1-42. The anti-Aβ antibody concentrations were increased in both treated groups. Compared to the human Aβ1-42 treated group, level of serum Aβ significantly decreased in mouse Aβ1-42 treated group. Western blot results revealed that these two derived Aβ1-42 had no cross-reaction. The new dentate granule survival cells increased in Aβ1-42 immunization groups, indicated by more BrdU+/NeuN+ and BrdU+/DCX+ cells as compared to PBS-treated group, accompanied by behavioral performance improving in a hippocampus-dependent learning task. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that BrdU+/Iba1+ cells also increased, however new born astrocytes (BrdU+/GFAP+) were unaffected in all treated mice. Interestingly, according the results of ELISA analysis both vaccines up-regulated IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the brains and sera, but the TNF-α level did not changed. Of note, human Aβ1-42 immunization in neonatal mice enhanced neurogenesis and cognitive ability, might via Aβ immune response rather than cleaning endogenous Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan HospitalYantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Aihong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guotai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guangqiang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peiyou Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China
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15
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Wang G, Wang M, Li C. The Unexposed Secrets of Prion Protein Oligomers. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:932-937. [PMID: 25823438 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the "protein-only" hypothesis, the misfolding and conversion of host-derived cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into pathogenically misfolded PrP are believed to be the key procedure in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Intermediate, soluble oligomeric prion protein (PrP) aggregates were considered a critical process for prion diseases. Several independent studies on PrP oligomers gained insights into oligomers' formation, biophysical and biochemical characteristics, structure conversion, and neurotoxicity. PrP oligomers are rich in β-sheet structure and slightly resistant to proteinase K digestion. PrP oligomers exhibited more neurotoxicity and induced neuronal apoptosis in vivo and/or in vitro. In this review, we summarized recent studies regarding PrP oligomers and the relationship between misfolded PrP aggregates and neuronal death in the course of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gailing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huanghuai University, 463000, Zhumadian, China.
| | - Mingcheng Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huanghuai University, 463000, Zhumadian, China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Huanghuai University, 463000, Zhumadian, China
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16
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Zhou X, Yang C, Liu Y, Li P, Yang H, Dai J, Qu R, Yuan L. Lipid rafts participate in aberrant degradative autophagic-lysosomal pathway of amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:92-100. [PMID: 25206748 PMCID: PMC4146310 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.125335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide is the main component of amyloid plaques, which are found in Alzheimer's disease. The generation and deposition of amyloid-beta is one of the crucial factors for the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Lipid rafts are glycolipid-rich liquid domains of the plasma membrane, where certain types of protein tend to aggregate and intercalate. Lipid rafts are involved in the generation of amyloid-beta oligomers and the formation of amyloid-beta peptides. In this paper, we review the mechanism by which lipid rafts disturb the aberrant degradative autophagic-lysosomal pathway of amyloid-beta, which plays an important role in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, we describe this mechanism from the view of the Two-system Theory of fasciology and thus, suggest that lipid rafts may be a new target of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
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17
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Sun CS, Wang CYH, Chen BPW, He RY, Liu GCH, Wang CH, Chen W, Chern Y, Huang JJT. The influence of pathological mutations and proline substitutions in TDP-43 glycine-rich peptides on its amyloid properties and cellular toxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103644. [PMID: 25090004 PMCID: PMC4121164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) was identified as the major ubiquitinated component deposited in the inclusion bodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) in 2006. Later on, numerous ALS-related mutations were found in either the glycine or glutamine/asparagine-rich region on the TDP-43 C-terminus, which hinted on the importance of mutations on the disease pathogenesis. However, how the structural conversion was influenced by the mutations and the biological significance of these peptides remains unclear. In this work, various peptides bearing pathogenic or de novo designed mutations were synthesized and displayed their ability to form twisted amyloid fibers, cause liposome leakage, and mediate cellular toxicity as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD), Thioflavin T (ThT) assay, Raman spectroscopy, calcein leakage assay, and cell viability assay. We have also shown that replacing glycines with prolines, known to obstruct β-sheet formation, at the different positions in these peptides may influence the amyloidogenesis process and neurotoxicity. In these cases, GGG308PPP mutant was not able to form beta-amyloid, cause liposome leakage, nor jeopardized cell survival, which hinted on the importance of the glycines (308-310) during amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Sui Sun
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cindy Yu-Hsiang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ruei-Yu He
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gerard Chun-Hao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wenlung Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Native metastable prefibrillar oligomers are the most neurotoxic species among amyloid aggregates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1622-9. [PMID: 24932517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins belonging to the amyloid family share the tendency to misfold and aggregate following common steps, and display similar neurotoxicity. In the aggregation pathway different kinds of species are formed, including several types of oligomers and eventually mature fibers. It is now suggested that the pathogenic aggregates are not the mature fibrils, but the intermediate, soluble oligomers. Many kinds of aggregates have been described to exist in a metastable state and in equilibrium with monomers. Up to now it is not clear whether a specific structure is at the basis of the neurotoxicity. Here we characterized, starting from the early aggregation stages, the oligomer populations formed by an amyloid protein, salmon calcitonin (sCT), chosen due to its very slow aggregation rate. To prepare different oligomer populations and characterize them by means of photoinduced cross-linking SDS-PAGE, Energy Filtered-Transmission Electron Microscopy (EF-TEM) and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we used Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), a technique that does not influence the aggregation process leaving the protein in the native state. Taking advantage of sCT low aggregation rate, we characterized the neurotoxic potential of the SEC-separated, non-crosslinked fractions in cultured primary hippocampal neurons, analyzing intracellular Ca(2+) influx and apoptotic trend. We provide evidence that native, globular, metastable, prefibrillar oligomers (dimers, trimers and tetramers) were the toxic species and that low concentrations of these aggregates in the population was sufficient to render the sample neurotoxic. Monomers and other kind of aggregates, such as annular or linear protofibers and mature fibers, were totally biologically inactive.
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19
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Yang B, Sun X, Lashuel H, Zhang Y. Reactive oxidative species enhance amyloid toxicity in APP/PS1 mouse neurons. Neurosci Bull 2014; 28:233-9. [PMID: 22622822 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether intracellular amyloid β (iAβ) induces toxicity in wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Different forms of Aβ aggregates were microinjected into cultured WT or APP/PS1 mouse hippocampal neurons. TUNEL staining was performed to examine neuronal cell death. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) were measured by MitoSOXRed mitochondrial superoxide indicator. RESULTS Crude, monomer and protofibril Aβ induced more toxicity in APP/PS1 neurons than in WT neurons. ROS are involved in mediating the vulnerability of APP/PS1 neurons to iAβ toxicity. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress may mediate cell death induced by iAβ in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Walsh P, Vanderlee G, Yau J, Campeau J, Sim VL, Yip CM, Sharpe S. The mechanism of membrane disruption by cytotoxic amyloid oligomers formed by prion protein(106-126) is dependent on bilayer composition. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10419-10430. [PMID: 24554723 PMCID: PMC4036164 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of fibrillar aggregates has long been associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Although fibrils are still considered important to the pathology of these disorders, it is now widely understood that smaller amyloid oligomers are the toxic entities along the misfolding pathway. One characteristic shared by the majority of amyloid oligomers is the ability to disrupt membranes, a commonality proposed to be responsible for their toxicity, although the mechanisms linking this to cell death are poorly understood. Here, we describe the physical basis for the cytotoxicity of oligomers formed by the prion protein (PrP)-derived amyloid peptide PrP(106-126). We show that oligomers of this peptide kill several mammalian cells lines, as well as mouse cerebellar organotypic cultures, and we also show that they exhibit antimicrobial activity. Physical perturbation of model membranes mimicking bacterial or mammalian cells was investigated using atomic force microscopy, polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Disruption of anionic membranes proceeds through a carpet or detergent model as proposed for other antimicrobial peptides. By contrast, when added to zwitterionic membranes containing cholesterol-rich ordered domains, PrP(106-126) oligomers induce a loss of domain separation and decreased membrane disorder. Loss of raft-like domains may lead to activation of apoptotic pathways, resulting in cell death. This work sheds new light on the physical mechanisms of amyloid cytotoxicity and is the first to clearly show membrane type-specific modes of action for a cytotoxic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walsh
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8
| | - Gillian Vanderlee
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1
| | - Jason Yau
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8
| | - Jody Campeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Valerie L Sim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1
| | - Simon Sharpe
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8.
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21
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Nelson MP, Shacka JJ. Autophagy Modulation in Disease Therapy: Where Do We Stand? CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 1:239-245. [PMID: 24470989 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since it was first described more than 50 years ago autophagy has been examined in many contexts, from cell survival to pathogen sequestration and removal. In more recent years our understanding of autophagy has developed sufficiently to allow effective targeted therapeutics to be developed against various diseases. The field of autophagy research is expanding rapidly, demonstrated by increases in both numbers of investigators in the field and the breadth of topics being addressed. Some diseases, such as the many cancers, have come to the fore in autophagy therapeutics research as a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms has surfaced. Numerous treatments are being developed and explored, from creative applications of the classic autophagy modulators chloroquine and rapamycin, to repurposing drugs approved for other treatments, such as astemizole, which is currently in use as an antimalarial and chronic rhinitis treatment. The landscape of autophagy modulation in disease therapy is rapidly changing and this review hopes to provide a cross-section of the current state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Clinics Room SC 930B, 1720 7 Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John J Shacka
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Sparks Clinics Room SC 930B, 1720 7 Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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22
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Role of prion protein aggregation in neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8648-8669. [PMID: 22942726 PMCID: PMC3430257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson, Alzheimer’s, Huntington, and prion diseases, the deposition of aggregated misfolded proteins is believed to be responsible for the neurotoxicity that characterizes these diseases. Prion protein (PrP), the protein responsible of prion diseases, has been deeply studied for the peculiar feature of its misfolded oligomers that are able to propagate within affected brains, inducing the conversion of the natively folded PrP into the pathological conformation. In this review, we summarize the available experimental evidence concerning the relationship between aggregation status of misfolded PrP and neuronal death in the course of prion diseases. In particular, we describe the main findings resulting from the use of different synthetic (mainly PrP106-126) and recombinant PrP-derived peptides, as far as mechanisms of aggregation and amyloid formation, and how these different spatial conformations can affect neuronal death. In particular, most data support the involvement of non-fibrillar oligomers rather than actual amyloid fibers as the determinant of neuronal death.
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23
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Salomone S, Caraci F, Leggio GM, Fedotova J, Drago F. New pharmacological strategies for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: focus on disease modifying drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 73:504-17. [PMID: 22035455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approved drug treatments for Alzheimer disease (AD) include cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. These drugs provide symptomatic relief but poorly affect the progression of the disease. Drug discovery has been directed, in the last 10 years, to develop 'disease modifying drugs' hopefully able to counteract the progression of AD. Because in a chronic, slow progressing pathological process, such as AD, an early start of treatment enhances the chance of success, it is crucial to have biomarkers for early detection of AD-related brain dysfunction, usable before clinical onset. Reliable early biomarkers need therefore to be prospectively tested for predictive accuracy, with specific cut off values validated in clinical practice. Disease modifying drugs developed so far include drugs to reduce β amyloid (Aβ) production, drugs to prevent Aβ aggregation, drugs to promote Aβ clearance, drugs targeting tau phosphorylation and assembly and other approaches. Unfortunately none of these drugs has demonstrated efficacy in phase 3 studies. The failure of clinical trials with disease modifying drugs raises a number of questions, spanning from methodological flaws to fundamental understanding of AD pathophysiology and biology. Recently, new diagnostic criteria applicable to presymptomatic stages of AD have been published. These new criteria may impact on drug development, such that future trials on disease modifying drugs will include populations susceptible to AD, before clinical onset. Specific problems with completed trials and hopes with ongoing trials are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department of Formative Processes, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, Italy
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Jellinger KA. Interaction between pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1166-83. [PMID: 22176890 PMCID: PMC3823071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and progressive aggregation of specific proteins in selective regions of the nervous system is a seminal occurrence in many neurodegenerative disorders, and the interaction between pathological/toxic proteins to cause neurodegeneration is a hot topic of current neuroscience research. Despite clinical, genetic and experimental differences, increasing evidence indicates considerable overlap between synucleinopathies, tauopathies and other protein-misfolding diseases. Inclusions, often characteristic hallmarks of these disorders, suggest interactions of pathological proteins enganging common downstream pathways. Novel findings that have shifted our understanding in the role of pathologic proteins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington and prion diseases, have confirmed correlations/overlaps between these and other neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence, in addition to synergistic effects of tau protein, amyloid-β, α-synuclein and other pathologic proteins, suggests that prion-like induction and spreading, involving secreted proteins, are major pathogenic mechanisms in various neurodegenerative diseases, depending on genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. The elucidation of the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction and spreading of pathogenic proteins, suggesting a dualism or triad of neurodegeneration in protein-misfolding disorders, is a major challenge for modern neuroscience, to provide a deeper insight into their pathogenesis as a basis of effective diagnosis and treatment.
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25
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LeVine H, Lampe L, Abdelmoti L, Augelli-Szafran CE. Dihydroxybenzoic acid isomers differentially dissociate soluble biotinyl-Aβ(1-42) oligomers. Biochemistry 2011; 51:307-15. [PMID: 22129351 DOI: 10.1021/bi201288x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds including a number of natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, catechin derivatives, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid have effects on the assembly of Aβ fibrils and oligomers as well as on fibril morphology. Based on a lead structure obtained from a screen of a small molecule diversity library, simple benzoic acid derivatives distinguished by the number and position of hydroxyls on the aromatic ring displayed different abilities to dissociate preformed biotinyl-Aβ(1-42) oligomers. The 2,3-, 2,5-, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) isomers were active oligomer dissociators. The remaining DHBA isomers and the monohydroxy and unsubstituted benzoic acids were inactive and did not compete with the active compounds to block oligomer dissociation. None of the compounds blocked oligomer assembly, indicating that they do not interact with monomeric Aβ to shift the oligomer-monomer equilibrium. Dissociating activity was not associated with quinone redox cycling capacity of the compounds. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) stabilized biotinyl-Aβ(1-42) oligomers against intrinsic dissociation and blocked the effects of the active dissociators, independent of the concentration of dissociator. A model for the mechanism of action of the DHBA dissociators proposes that these compounds destabilize oligomer structure promoting progressive monomer dissociation rather than fissioning oligomers into smaller, but still macromolecular, species. Gallic acid blocks dissociation by stabilizing oligomers against this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry LeVine
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Center on Aging, Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.
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