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Polster N, Yocum BP, Lavik JP, Mesa H. Painful Granulomatous Hashimoto Thyroiditis Uncovered Systemic Histoplasmosis. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:615-618. [PMID: 37461236 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231186928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Background. Granulomatous thyroiditis is usually viral and very rarely due to fungal infection. Fungal thyroiditis affects the severely immunocompromised and only rarely immunocompetent individuals. Case report. A 32-year-old man with known Hashimoto thyroiditis was consulted for a 1-week history of neck pain, dysphagia, cough, asthenia, loss of appetite, and night sweats. Imaging showed an enlarged right thyroid lobe. Laboratory studies confirmed hypothyroidism. He underwent a thyroid lobectomy. Microscopic examination showed granulomas in a background of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Silver stain revealed numerous yeasts consistent with Histoplasma. Subsequent serology was also positive. Further evaluations were negative for acquired or constitutional immunodeficiencies. He was started on oral itraconazole with resolution of all constitutional symptoms. Conclusions. We report a second case of concurrent Hashimoto and Histoplasma thyroiditis in an immunocompetent patient. Systemic manifestations of fungal infection are confounded by systemic symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Fungal thyroiditis is a manifestation of systemic fungal infection requiring prolonged systemic therapy to prevent complications or fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Polster
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bianca Puello Yocum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John-Paul Lavik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hector Mesa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Chen HY, Kuo YC, Cheng WC, Chen WC. A rare presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma as a cavitary pulmonary mass with hypercalcemia. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2398-2400. [PMID: 35811296 PMCID: PMC9376169 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavitary lung lesions found on chest imaging may point to various diseases. These lesions may be caused by numerous etiologies, such as infection, inflammatory diseases, or malignancy. Thus, its etiology may be challenging to differentiate using imaging alone. Differential diagnoses are created using a combination of clinical symptoms, medical history, laboratory results, and physical examination. Primary pulmonary lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are rare differentials. Here, we report a case of ALCL that initially presented with back pain, intermittent fever, hemoptysis, hypercalcemia, and bilateral multiple cavitary lung nodules. Because a cavitary pulmonary mass with sustained hypercalcemia is commonly seen in patients with squamous cell carcinomas or pulmonary tuberculosis, patients with ALCL may be misdiagnosed and undergo delayed treatment. This study highlights that ALCL should be considered in patients presenting with a cavitary pulmonary mass and hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Zhu JJ, Naughton WJ, Hay Be K, Ensor N, Cheung AS. Refractory hypercalcaemia associated with disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2021; 2021:EDM200186. [PMID: 34110303 PMCID: PMC8240701 DOI: 10.1530/edm-20-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Hypercalcaemia is a very common endocrine condition, yet severe hypercalcaemia as a result of fungal infection is rarely described. There are have only been two reported cases in the literature of hypercalcaemia associated with Cryptococcus infection. Although the mechanism of hypercalcaemia in these infections is not clear, it has been suggested that it could be driven by the extra-renal production of 1-alpha-hydroxylase by macrophages in granulomas. We describe the case of a 55-year-old woman with a 1,25-OH D-mediated refractory hypercalcaemia in the context of a Cryptococcus neoformans infection. She required treatment with antifungals, pamidronate, calcitonin, denosumab and high-dose glucocorticoids. A disseminated fungal infection should be suspected in immunosuppressed individuals presenting with hypercalcaemia. LEARNING POINT In immunocompromised patients with unexplained hypercalcaemia, fungal infections should be considered as the differential diagnoses; Glucocorticoids may be considered to treat 1,25-OH D-driven hypercalcaemia; however, the benefits of lowering the calcium need to be balanced against the risk of exacerbating an underlying infection; Fluconazole might be an effective therapy for both treatment of the hypercalcaemia by lowering 1,25-OH D levels as well as of the fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim Hay Be
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ensor
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada S Cheung
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Parker RW, Ferré EMN, Myint-Hpu K, Schmitt MM, Colton B, Merke DP, Lionakis MS. Posaconazole-induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism Manifesting with Nephrotic-range Proteinuria. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:2768-2770. [PMID: 32060559 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth W Parker
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Monica M Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ben Colton
- Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah P Merke
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Adibi N, Robati RM. Skin and metabolic syndrome: A review of the possible associations. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:16. [PMID: 34084195 PMCID: PMC8106409 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_585_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MeTS) is a well-known health-related problem with several end-organ damages and the resulted side effects such as rising in the blood glucose and lipid and blood pressure. Although MeTS might show several skin symptoms such as acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, acne, and androgenic alopecia, it could also be implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous dermatologic disorders. Furthermore, some dermatologic drugs might be implicated in the incidence or exacerbation of MeTS. Consequently, MeTS and skin problem could interfere closely with each other and each one could predispose the patient to the other one and vice versa. Remembering these close relationships help us to have better therapeutic choices regarding each inflammatory skin conditions. Moreover, some of the skin symptoms should be followed cautiously to define the underlying MeTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Adibi
- Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza M Robati
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Forsythe A, Lewis G, Jordan R, Thompson GR. US database study: burden and healthcare resource utilization in adults with systemic endemic mycoses and aspergillosis. J Comp Eff Res 2020; 9:573-584. [PMID: 32316748 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated burden of illness in immunocompromised patients with systemic mycoses (SM) eligible for itraconazole treatment, specifically, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis and aspergillosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study used an electronic medical record network integrating information from 30 US hospitals, including >34 million patients, to evaluate burden and healthcare resource utilization over 6 months following initiation of antifungal therapy. Results: Symptomatic burden experienced by each of the otherwise healthy or age >65 or immunosuppressed cohorts receiving antifungal therapy for SM was comparable but significantly greater in cancer or HIV patients and transplant recipients. Across groups, there was substantially higher healthcare resource utilization in patients with SM versus matched controls without SM. Conclusion: The total impact of SM is particularly severe in high-risk or vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George R Thompson
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology & the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California-Davis Medical Center; 4150 Y Street; Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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7
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Binet Q, Mairesse J, Vanthuyne M, Marot JC, Wieers G. Hypercalcemia Heralding Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in an HIV-Seronegative Patient with Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:787-793. [PMID: 31729682 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening fungal infection occurring in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-positive patients with low CD4 cell count or patients under heavy immunosuppressive therapy. We report the case of a 59-year-old male with severe diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis presenting with asthenia, dry cough and worsening shortness of breath for the last 15 days. Biological studies were remarkable for PTH-independent severe hypercalcemia with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and a paradoxically elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Early bronchoalveolar lavage allowed for PCP diagnosis and targeted treatment. We discuss the underlying physiopathology and difficulties regarding prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Binet
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Infectiology, Clinique St-Pierre Ottignies, Avenue Reine Fabiola, 9, 1340, Ottignies, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Mairesse
- Division of Clinical Biology and Cytology, Clinique St-Pierre Ottignies, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Marie Vanthuyne
- Division of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Gilly, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marot
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Infectiology, Clinique St-Pierre Ottignies, Avenue Reine Fabiola, 9, 1340, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Grégoire Wieers
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Infectiology, Clinique St-Pierre Ottignies, Avenue Reine Fabiola, 9, 1340, Ottignies, Belgium
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8
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John J, Loo A, Mazur S, Walsh TJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring of systemic antifungal agents: a pragmatic approach for adult and pediatric patients. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:881-895. [PMID: 31550939 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1671971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been shown to optimize the management of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), particularly for select antifungal agents with a well-defined exposure-response relationship and an unpredictable pharmacokinetic profile or a narrow therapeutic index. Select triazoles (itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole) and flucytosine fulfill these criteria, while the echinocandins, fluconazole, isavuconazole, and amphotericin B generally do not do so. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with IFIs and the challenges surrounding the use of currently available antifungal agents, TDM plays an important role in therapy.Areas covered: This review seeks to describe the rationale for TDM of antifungal agents, summarize their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, identify treatment goals for efficacy and safety, and provide recommendations for optimal dosing and therapeutic monitoring strategies.Expert opinion: Several new antifungal agents are currently in development, including compounds from existing antifungal classes with enhanced pharmacokinetic or safety profiles as well as agents with novel targets for the treatment of IFIs. Given the predictable pharmacokinetics of these newly developed agents, use of routine TDM is not anticipated. However, expanded knowledge of exposure-response relationships of these compounds may yield a role for TDM to improve outcomes for adult and pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie John
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Loo
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Mazur
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Disseminated Cryptococcal Infection in a Patient Receiving Acalabrutinib for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Severe Hyperkalemia Complicating Voriconazole Treatment in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Histoplasmosis: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:2372-2373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Kim SH, Kim JY, Park WC, Kim MK, Kim TJ. Sequential Sonographic Features of Primary Invasive Aspergillosis Involving Only the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2016; 13:e27890. [PMID: 27110341 PMCID: PMC4835738 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 29-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with palpitation and neck swelling. Initial sonography showed an ill-defined hypoechoic lesion in the right thyroid gland, mentioning subacute thyroiditis. The patient received conservative care for one week. However, her neck swelling worsened and she complained of dyspnea. Follow up sonography showed marked enlargement of both thyroid glands. Irregular infiltration of hypoechoic lesions was detected along the subcapsular region of both thyroid glands. She underwent immediate intubation to secure the airway and total thyroidectomy. Histopathological staining revealed features of fungal thyroiditis with fungal hyphae characteristic of Aspergillus. There was no abnormality in the lung or paranasal sinuses. In this report, we describe the sequential sonographic findings of invasive aspergillosis in the thyroid gland presenting as progressive enlargement without other organ involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ho Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jee Young Kim, Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63ro Yeongdeunpo-gu, Seoul 150-713, Korea. Tel: +82-237792017, Fax: +82-27835288, E-mail:
| | - Woo Chan Park
- Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Myers E, Dodds Ashley E. Antifungal Drug Therapeutic Monitoring: What are the Issues? CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-015-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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McAninch EA, Xu C, Lagari VS, Kim BW. Coccidiomycosis thyroiditis in an immunocompromised host post-transplant: case report and literature review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1537-42. [PMID: 24606101 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute infectious thyroiditis, particularly fungal thyroiditis, is rare and typically presents in immunocompromised individuals. Here we report the first case of coccidiomycosis thyroiditis occurring in an organ recipient as a consequence of likely allograft contamination and discuss the management strategies for thyroid masses in the setting of disseminated infection. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION AND SYNTHESIS In this clinical case seminar, we summarize the previously published cases of coccidiomycosis thyroiditis based on a MEDLINE search of all peer-reviewed publications (original articles and reviews) on this topic. We identified six other cases, five of which also occurred in immunocompromised hosts, although none occurred in organ recipients. CONCLUSION A case of coccidiomycosis thyroiditis occurring in a post-liver transplant immunocompromised host is reported. Analysis of donor serum revealed the liver allograft as the likely infectious source, resulting in hematological spread to the thyroid. Although our patient's thyroid gland was lacking gross structural abnormalities at presentation, new-onset thyroid masses developed after relative immune restoration and initiation of antifungal therapies. The differential diagnosis of new-onset thyroid masses in immunocompromised hosts is discussed, with a focus on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The role of thyroidectomy in the management of fungal thyroiditis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A McAninch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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A rare case of suppurative aspergillosis of the thyroid. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2013; 2013:956236. [PMID: 24159398 PMCID: PMC3789295 DOI: 10.1155/2013/956236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppurative fungal infection of the thyroid is an extremely rare condition even more so in an immunocompetent patient. Fungal infections of the thyroid usually occur in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies, recipients of bone marrow and solid organ allografts on immunosuppression, and patients with AIDS. A 65-year-old male presented with swelling in the front of the neck for 2 years. Examination revealed a 4 × 4 cm non-tender, firm swelling of the right lobe of the thyroid. The patient was taken up for a subtotal thyroidectomy. Intra-operatively, an abscess cavity with pus was found in the right lobe of the thyroid. Histopathology revealed features of fungal abscess and staining demonstrated fungal hyphae characteristic of Aspergillus ssp.
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Rapidly growing thyroid mass in an immunocompromised young male adult. Case Rep Endocrinol 2013; 2013:290843. [PMID: 23936688 PMCID: PMC3722978 DOI: 10.1155/2013/290843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a 20-year-old man diagnosed with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), admitted to our hospital due to pancytopenia and fever of undetermined origin after myelosuppression with chemotherapy. Disseminated aspergillosis (DIA) was suspected when he developed skin and lung involvement. A rapidly growing mass was detected on the left neck area, during hospitalization. A thyroid ultrasound reported a 3.7 × 2.5 × 2.9 cm oval heterogeneous structure, suggestive of an abscess versus a hematoma. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid revealed invasion of aspergillosis. Fungal thyroiditis is a rare occurrence. Thyroid fungal infection is difficult to diagnose; for this reason it is rarely diagnosed antemortem. To our knowledge, this is the 10th case reported in the literature in an adult where the diagnosis of fungal invasion to the thyroid was able to be corroborated antemortem by fine needle aspiration biopsy.
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Voriconazole-induced pancreatitis in a patient of acute myeloid leukemia and invasive aspergillosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:406. [PMID: 22713708 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e318257dc7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Critical Illness–Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency in Small Animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2011; 41:767-82, vi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Chatzikyrkou C, Clajus C, Haubitz M, Hafer C. Hypercalcemia and pneumocystis Pneumonia after kidney transplantation: report of an exceptional case and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:496-500. [PMID: 21414118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii remains an important pathogen in solid organ transplant recipients. Although the overall incidence may be decreasing, after the adoption of effective prophylactic measures, the risk has not been abolished, and pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) can be observed even many years after successful transplantation. Hypercalcemia develops frequently after renal transplantation and is commonly associated with preexisting secondary hyperparathyroidism. But the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia occurring later in the course of transplantation may be different, and other disease states, such as malignancy and opportunistic infections, must be considered. Hypercalcemia in conjunction with PCP is being increasingly reported in renal transplant patients. In all the cases, respiratory symptoms were prominent, hypercalcemia was of mild-to-moderate severity, parathyroid hormone concentration was decreased, and 1,25(OH)(2) D levels were extraordinarily or inappropriately high. We report the first case to our knowledge of severe hypercalcemia accompanying PCP, in a patient with previous total parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chatzikyrkou
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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van de Sande WW, Fahal A, Tavakol M, van Belkum A. Polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase and cytochrome p450 subfamily 19 genes predispose towardsMadurella mycetomatis-induced mycetoma susceptibility. Med Mycol 2010; 48:959-68. [DOI: 10.3109/13693781003636680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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20
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Abstract
The neuroendocrine response to critical illness is key to the maintenance of homeostasis. Many of the drugs administered routinely in the intensive care unit significantly impact the neuroendocrine system. These agents can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cause thyroid abnormalities, and result in dysglycemia. Herein, we review major drug-induced endocrine disorders and highlight some of the controversies that remain in this area. We also discuss some of the more rare drug-induced syndromes that have been described in the intensive care unit. Drugs that may result in an intensive care unit admission secondary to an endocrine-related adverse event are also included. Unfortunately, very few studies have systematically addressed drug-induced endocrine disorders in the critically ill. Timely identification and appropriate management of drug-induced endocrine adverse events may potentially improve outcomes in the critically ill. However, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of medications on endocrine function in the intensive care unit.
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21
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:260-77. [PMID: 19390324 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32832c937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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