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Mondal S, Sthanikam Y, Kumar A, Nandy A, Chattopadhyay S, Koner D, Rukmangadha N, Narendra H, Banerjee S. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lumpectomy Specimens Deciphers Diacylglycerols as Potent Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8054-8062. [PMID: 37167069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting breast tumor markers with a fast turnaround time from frozen sections should foster intraoperative histopathology in breast-conserving surgery, reducing the need for a second operation. Hence, rapid label-free discrimination of the spatially resolved molecular makeup between cancer and adjacent normal breast tissue is of growing importance. We performed desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) of fresh-frozen excision specimens, including cancer and paired adjacent normal sections, obtained from the lumpectomy of 73 breast cancer patients. The results demonstrate that breast cancer tissue posits sharp metabolic upregulation of diacylglycerol, a lipid second messenger that activates protein kinase C for promoting tumor growth. We identified four specific sn-1,2-diacylglycerols that outperformed all other lipids simultaneously mapped by the positive ion mode DESI-MSI for distinguishing cancers from adjacent normal specimens. This result contrasts with several previous DESI-MSI studies that probed metabolic dysregulation of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids for cancer diagnoses. A random forest-based supervised machine learning considering all detected ion signals also deciphered the highest diagnostic potential of these four diacylglycerols with the top four importance scores. This led us to construct a classifier with 100% overall prediction accuracy of breast cancer by using the parsimonious set of four diacylglycerol biomarkers only. The metabolic pathway analysis suggested that increased catabolism of phosphatidylcholine in breast cancer contributes to diacylglycerol overexpression. These results open up opportunities for mapping diacylglycerol signaling in breast cancer in the context of novel therapeutic and diagnostic developments, including the intraoperative assessment of breast cancer margin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Yeswanth Sthanikam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Anubhav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Abhijit Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Sutirtha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Debasish Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Nandyala Rukmangadha
- Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Hulikal Narendra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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Whitford MKM, McCaffrey L. Polarity in breast development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:245-283. [PMID: 37100520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development and breast cancer progression are associated with extensive remodeling of epithelial tissue architecture. Apical-basal polarity is a key feature of epithelial cells that coordinates key elements of epithelial morphogenesis including cell organization, proliferation, survival, and migration. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of how apical-basal polarity programs are used in breast development and cancer. We describe cell lines, organoids, and in vivo models commonly used for studying apical-basal polarity in breast development and disease and discuss advantages and limitations of each. We also provide examples of how core polarity proteins regulate branching morphogenesis and lactation during development. We describe alterations to core polarity genes in breast cancer and their associations with patient outcomes. The impact of up- or down-regulation of key polarity proteins in breast cancer initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are discussed. We also introduce studies demonstrating that polarity programs are involved in regulating the stroma, either through epithelial-stroma crosstalk, or through signaling of polarity proteins in non-epithelial cell types. Overall, a key concept is that the function of individual polarity proteins is highly contextual, depending on developmental or cancer stage and cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara K M Whitford
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Targeting Protein Kinase C for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051104. [PMID: 35267413 PMCID: PMC8909172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The protein kinase C (PKC) family belongs to serine-threonine kinases and consists of several subtypes. Increasing evidence suggests that PKCs are critical players in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, PKCs exert both promotive and suppressive effects on tumor cell growth and metastasis, which have attracted immense attention. Herein, we systematically review the current advances in the structure, regulation and biological functions of PKCs, especially the relationship of PKCs with anti-cancer therapy-induced cell death, including the current knowledge of PKCs function in tumor metabolism and microenvironment. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of PKCs as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer from basic research and clinical trials. Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, a group of serine-threonine kinases, are important regulators in carcinogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PKC isoforms exert both positive and negative effects on cancer cell demise. In this review, we systematically summarize the current findings on the architecture, activity regulation and biological functions of PKCs, especially their relationship with anti-cancer therapy-induced cell death. Additionally, we elaborate on current knowledge of the effects of PKCs on tumor metabolism and microenvironment, which have gained increasing attention in oncology-related areas. Furthermore, we underscore the basic experimental and clinical implications of PKCs as a target for cancer therapy to evaluate their therapeutic benefits and potential applications.
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Sharma N, Shin EJ, Kim NH, Cho EH, Nguyen BT, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Kim HC. Far-infrared Ray-mediated Antioxidant Potentials are Important for Attenuating Psychotoxic Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:990-1002. [PMID: 30819085 PMCID: PMC7052827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190228114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-infrared ray (FIR) is an electromagnetic wave that produces various health benefits against pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, renocardiovascular disorders, stress, and depression etc. However, the therapeutic ap-plication on the FIR-mediated protective potentials remains to be further extended. To achieve better understanding on FIR-mediated therapeutic potentials, we summarized additional findings in the present study that exposure to FIR ameliorates stressful condition, memory impairments, drug dependence, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the central nervous system. In this review, we underlined that FIR requires modulations of janus kinase 2 / signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR), dopamine D1 receptor, protein kinase C δ gene, and glutathione peroxidase-1 gene for exerting the protective potentials in response to neuropsychotoxic conditions
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Nam Hun Kim
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Choon Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
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Smalley T, Islam SMA, Apostolatos C, Apostolatos A, Acevedo-Duncan M. Analysis of PKC-ζ protein levels in normal and malignant breast tissue subtypes. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1537-1546. [PMID: 30675210 PMCID: PMC6341665 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that breast cancer will be the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women in 2018. Previous research has demonstrated that the atypical protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) is a component of numerous dysregulated pathways in breast cancer, including cellular proliferation, survival, and cell cycle upregulation. The present study investigated the PKC-ζ protein in breast tissue to evaluate its potential as a biomarker for breast cancer invasion, and demonstrated that an overexpression of PKC-ζ protein can be indicative of carcinogenesis. The present study analyzed the expression of PKC-ζ in individuals with no tumor complications and malignant female human breast tissue samples (lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma) with the use of western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis (83 samples). The present study also evaluated the invasive behavior of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells following the knockdown of PKC-ζ with a Transwell invasion assay and an immunofluorescent probe for filamentous actin (F-actin) organization. The data demonstrated that PKC-ζ expression was identified to be higher in invading tissues when compared with non-invading tissues. The results also suggest that PKC-ζ is more abundant in ductal tissues when compared with lobular tissues. In addition, the protein studies also suggest that PKC-ζ is a component for invasive behavior through the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) pathway, and PKC-ζ is required for the F-actin reorganization in invasive cells. Therefore, PKC-ζ should be considered to be a biomarker in the development of breast cancer as well as an indicator of invading tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracess Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - S M Anisul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - André Apostolatos
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Co-Delivery of Teriflunomide and Methotrexate from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: In Vitro Characterization, Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Investigations. Pharm Res 2018; 35:201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Archibald A, Al-Masri M, Liew-Spilger A, McCaffrey L. Atypical protein kinase C induces cell transformation by disrupting Hippo/Yap signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3578-95. [PMID: 26269582 PMCID: PMC4603929 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are major sites of malignant transformation. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isoforms are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types. Using normal, highly polarized epithelial cells (MDCK and NMuMG), we report that aPKC gain of function overcomes contact inhibited growth and is sufficient for a transformed epithelial phenotype. In 2D cultures, aPKC induced cells to grow as stratified epithelia, whereas cells grew as solid spheres of nonpolarized cells in 3D culture. aPKC associated with Mst1/2, which uncoupled Mst1/2 from Lats1/2 and promoted nuclear accumulation of Yap1. Of importance, Yap1 was necessary for aPKC-mediated overgrowth but did not restore cell polarity defects, indicating that the two are separable events. In MDCK cells, Yap1 was sequestered to cell-cell junctions by Amot, and aPKC overexpression resulted in loss of Amot expression and a spindle-like cell phenotype. Reexpression of Amot was sufficient to restore an epithelial cobblestone appearance, Yap1 localization, and growth control. In contrast, the effect of aPKC on Hippo/Yap signaling and overgrowth in NMuMG cells was independent of Amot. Finally, increased expression of aPKC in human cancers strongly correlated with increased nuclear accumulation of Yap1, indicating that the effect of aPKC on transformed growth by deregulating Hippo/Yap1 signaling may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Archibald
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maia Al-Masri
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alyson Liew-Spilger
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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8
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Leung TK, Lin MT, Chen CA, Hsu CY, Lin SL, Chen CW. The Analysis of Normalized Effects on Meridian Current Level After the Photoluminescent Bioceramic Treatment on Acupuncture Points. J Altern Complement Med 2015. [PMID: 26218884 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the advantage of photoluminescent bioceramic (PLB) irradiation on meridian channels of abnormal meridian currents, as well as the normalization of meridian current levels that may represent the participants' physiologic conditions. DESIGN Statistical analysis of survey data. PARTICIPANTS Forty-six patients with abnormal meridian current in the gallbladder (GB). INTERVENTIONS The effects on the meridian currents were measured by an electrodermal instrument after PLB irradiation was applied to the GB and other specific acupuncture points. Each meridian was categorized into six physiologic levels to evaluate effectiveness after the PLB irradiation: 1, extremely low; 2, moderately low; 3, normally low; 4, normally high; 5, moderately high; and 6, extremely high level. The positive effect of PLB treatment for each meridian could be defined as the normalized ability of the meridian level from the extreme values (1, 2, 5, or 6) approaching the normal levels (3 or 4). RESULTS Participants with higher average meridian current (Amc >36 μA) calculated from the currents of 24 Ryodoraku points could be significantly normalized after the PLB treatment (p=0.0241). A significant positive effect was seen in comparison with the negative effect of PLB on the GB meridian (McNemar test, p=0.00004) (n=46×2 for left and right GB meridians). A patient with benign facial tremor was treated by PLB for 1 month; PLB improved the facial tremor and normalized effects on Amc and meridian current levels at the GB, lung, small intestine, bladder, and kidney. CONCLUSION A method was proposed to evaluate the normalization effect of a noninvasive PLB technique on the 12 meridians. PLB acupuncture on the specific meridian points could show the normalization ability of Amc and GB meridian for the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kai Leung
- 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Department of Radiology, Taipei Hospital , Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,3 Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan .,4 Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongii University , Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Tse Lin
- 5 Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-An Chen
- 6 Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Yun Hsu
- 7 Graduated Institute of Communication Engineering, Tatung University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shoei-Loong Lin
- 8 Department of Surgery, Taipei Hospital , Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,9 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Will Chen
- 5 Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University , Taipei, Taiwan
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PKCζ Promotes Breast Cancer Invasion by Regulating Expression of E-cadherin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) via NFκB-p65. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26218882 PMCID: PMC4648478 DOI: 10.1038/srep12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical Protein Kinase C zeta (PKCζ) forms Partitioning-defective (PAR) polarity complex for apico-basal distribution of membrane proteins essential to maintain normal cellular junctional complexes and tissue homeostasis. Consistently, tumor suppressive role of PKCζ has been established for multiple human cancers. However, recent studies also indicate pro-oncogenic function of PKCζ without firm understanding of detailed molecular mechanism. Here we report a possible mechanism of oncogenic PKCζ signaling in the context of breast cancer. We observed that depletion of PKCζ promotes epithelial morphology in mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 cells. The induction of epithelial morphology is associated with significant upregulation of adherens junction (AJ) protein E-cadherin and tight junction (TJ) protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1). Functionally, depletion of PKCζ significantly inhibits invasion and metastatic progression. Consistently, we observed higher expression and activation of PKCζ signaling in invasive and metastatic breast cancers compared to non-invasive diseases. Mechanistically, an oncogenic PKCζ– NFκB-p65 signaling node might be involved to suppress E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression and ectopic expression of a constitutively active form of NFκB-p65 (S536E-NFκB-p65) significantly rescues invasive potential of PKCζ-depleted breast cancer cells. Thus, our study discovered a PKCζ - NFκB-p65 signaling pathway might be involved to alter cellular junctional dynamics for breast cancer invasive progression.
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Leung TK, Gasbarri M, Tai CJ, Chan WP. Application of photoluminescent bioceramic material for different chronic illnesses by selecting "trigger points" and "propagated sensation along meridians" phenomenon. Chin J Integr Med 2015. [PMID: 26142342 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the practicability on the processes of selecting "local tenderness skin points (trigger points)" and "propagated sensation along meridians" (PSM) phenomenon, and to find out the corresponding abnormal meridian channel in different illnesses. METHODS Ten patients with different kinds of chronic illnesses were administered photoluminescent bioceramic material (PLB) irradiations on meridians. The processes of selecting trigger points and PSM phenomenon were carried out on 80% (8/10) of the cases to find out the corresponding abnormal meridian channel in different illnesses. There were 8 cases identified by trigger points selection; 3 cases identified by PSM; 2 were not identified by either trigger points or PSM. These 2 cases were tested with electrodermal measurements of the 24 Ryodoraku meridian points to select their corresponding abnormal meridian channels for PLB irradiations. Objective and subjective Clinical improvements after PLB irradations were recorded. RESULTS After PLB treatment, patients showed different noticeable improvements upon clinical observations. The most significant improvements were noticed shortly after subacute stage at 3-5 months durations of illnesses. Objective measurements showed a clinical improvement of 43.8%. CONCLUSIONS To explain our clinical observations, we simply deduced that PLB treatment induced or promoted fluid/water diffusion along meridian channels. There was a gradually dredging of the meridian channels thus relieving stagnation and a vital change in the flow of dynamic patterns of meridians. This conforms to, or validates, the old traditional Chinese theory of "Bu Tong Ze Tong" and "Tong Ze Bu Tong", that is, where there is obstruction, there is pain; where there is no obstruction, there is no pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kai Leung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110-52, Taiwan, China,
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Fujisawa Y, Napoli E, Wong S, Song G, Yamaguchi R, Matsui T, Nagasaki K, Ogata T, Giulivi C. Impact of a novel homozygous mutation in nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase on mitochondrial DNA integrity in a case of familial glucocorticoid deficiency. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:70-78. [PMID: 26309815 PMCID: PMC4545511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding for the mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) have been identified as a causative gene for FGD; however, no NNT activities have been reported in FGD patients carrying NNT mutations. METHODS Clinical, biochemical and molecular analyses of lymphocytes from FDG homozygous and heterozygous carriers for the F215S NNT mutation. RESULTS In this study, we described an FGD-affected Japanese patient carrying a novel NNT homozygous mutation (c.644T>C; F215S) with a significant loss-of-function (NNT activity = 31% of healthy controls) in peripheral blood cells' mitochondria. The NNT activities of the parents, heterozygous for the mutation, were 61% of controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that (i) mitochondrial biogenesis (citrate synthase activity) and/or mtDNA replication (mtDNA copy number) were affected at ≤60% NNT activity because these parameters were affected in individuals carrying either one or both mutated alleles; and (ii) other outcomes (mtDNA deletions, protein tyrosine nitration, OXPHOS capacity) were affected at ≤30% NNT activity as also observed in murine cerebellar mitochondria from C57BL/6J (NNT-/-) vs. C57BL/6JN (NNT+/+) substrains. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE By studying a family affected with a novel point mutation in the NNT gene, a gene-dose response was found for various mitochondrial outcomes providing for novel insights into the role of NNT in the maintenance of mtDNA integrity beyond that described for preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gyu Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rie Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M. I. N. D.) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616
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Yin J, Liu Z, Li H, Sun J, Chang X, Liu J, He S, Li B. Association of PKCζ expression with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90811. [PMID: 24603690 PMCID: PMC3946230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family has been functionally linked to cancer. It has been suggested that atypical PKCs contribute to cell proliferation and cancer progression. With respect to breast cancer, PKCζ has been found to play a key role in intracellular transduction of mitogenic and apoptotic signals using mammary cell lines. However, little is known about its function in vivo. Here we examined the correlation between PKCζ protein levels and important clinicopathologic factors in breast cancer using patient samples. To conduct the study, 30 invasive ductal carcinoma cases and their paired normal tissues were used for tissue microarray analysis (TMA) and 16 were used for western blot analysis. In addition, the correlation between PKCζ expression levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was determined in 176 cases with relevant clinical data. Finally, the correlation between PKCζ and epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions was determined using three breast cancer cell lines by western blot analysis. Both TMA and western blot results showed that PKCζ protein was highly expressed in primary tumors but not in paired normal tissue. The correlation study indicated that high PKCζ levels were associated with premenopausal patients (p = 0.019) and worse prognostic factors, such as advanced clinical stage, more lymph node involvement and larger tumor size. Both disease-free survival and overall survival rates were lower in the high PKCζ group than those in the low PKCζ group. No correlation was observed between PKCζ levels and age, histological grade, or estrogen or progesterone receptor expression status. A positive correlation between PKCζ and HER2 levels was observed in both tumor samples and cell lines. Our observations link PKCζ expression with factors pointing to worse prognosis, higher HER2 levels and a lower survival rate. This suggests that PKCζ protein levels may serve as a prognostic marker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhipei Liu
- Production and R&D Center, Tianjin Binhai Union Gene Technology Co. LTD, Tianjin, China
- Gene Bank, Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co. LTD, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixin Li
- Tumor Tissue Banking Facility, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Chang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Lai CH, Leung TK, Peng CW, Chang KH, Lai MJ, Lai WF, Chen SC. Effects of far-infrared irradiation on myofascial neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 20:123-9. [PMID: 24152215 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of irradiation using a device containing a far-infrared emitting ceramic powder (cFIR) for the management of chronic myofascial neck pain compared with a control treatment. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 48 patients with chronic, myofascial neck pain. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control (sham-treatment) group. The patients in the experimental group wore a cFIR neck device for 1 week, and the control group wore an inert neck device for 1 week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Quantitative measurements based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring of pain, a sleep quality assessment, pressure-pain threshold (PPT) testing, muscle tone and compliance analysis, and skin temperature analysis were obtained. RESULTS Both the experimental and control groups demonstrated significant improvement in pain scores. However, no statistically significant difference in the pain scores was observed between the experimental and control groups. Significant decreases in muscle stiffness in the upper regions of the trapezius muscles were reported in the experimental group after 1 week of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment using the cFIR neck device partly reduced muscle stiffness. Although the differences in the VAS and PPT scores for the experimental and control groups were not statistically significant, the improvement in muscle stiffness in the experimental group warrants further investigation of the long-term effects of cFIR treatment for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lai
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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