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Ke M, Huang S, Lin H, Xu Z, Li X, Li Z, Chen F, Wu H. Establishment and study of a rat internal haemorrhoid model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21385. [PMID: 38049459 PMCID: PMC10695920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish a relatively stable internal haemorrhoid model in rats. A total of 48 SPF SD rats were selected and randomly divided into a blank group of 16 and a model group of 32. The model was created by croton oil-mixed liquid stimulation combined with standing and swimming experiments, and the modelling times were 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively. By observing the symptoms and signs of rats, pathological morphology and immunohistochemical staining of anorectal tissue, anorectal laser speckle blood-flow imaging and defecation contrast, etc., the effect of different modelling times was evaluated. The stability of the model was evaluated after feeding for 2 weeks. Both model-formation times caused rats to produce local symptoms of tissue bulging in the haemorrhoid area. Microscopy showed that the rectal submucosal interstitial blood vessels were dilated, and inflammatory cell infiltration and other manifestations were observed. Laser speckle blood-flow imaging revealed increased anorectal blood perfusion and capillary dilatation, and defecography showed a longitudinal and continuous rectal mucosa. After 2 weeks of normal feeding, lifting of the haemorrhoidal tissue was still present. The effect of modelling for 1 week was most in line with the clinical manifestations of internal haemorrhoids. The 1-week modelling scheme in this study can effectively establish a rat internal haemorrhoid model that closely approximates clinical internal haemorrhoid symptoms and pathological manifestations. The operation is simple, the success rate is high, and the model has certain stability. This model can be used as an important basis for studying various treatment methods for internal haemorrhoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Ke
- Anorectal Department, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated With Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 282, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China.
| | - Shuyan Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Haorong Lin
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenguo Xu
- Anorectal Department, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated With Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 282, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated With Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350009, Fujian, China
| | - Huasong Wu
- Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
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Souza TB, Baptista RR. Aerobic exercise 3 times per week in adult rats did not influence the progression of periodontal disease. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1238500. [PMID: 37936877 PMCID: PMC10626447 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1238500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise has proven efficacy in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, and its anti-inflammatory effect has been evaluated as a potential preventive factor in the progression of periodontal disease, in addition to improving physiological parameters. Methods To test this hypothesis regarding its preventive factor, we evaluated the effects of aerobic training on the progression of periodontal disease in 8-month-old Wistar rats (n = 44). The animals underwent a swimming protocol lasting six weeks, with periodontal disease induced by ligature in the fifth week, totaling fourteen days of ligature placement. Anthropometric parameters were measured for subsequent calculations of BMI and Lee's Index. Interleukin-1β testing was performed to measure serum inflammatory parameters, and alveolar bone loss was measured using images to calculate the area of loss. Results The trained animals showed no significant differences compared to the non-trained animals in terms of anthropometric measures. Regarding the area of bone loss, although there were significant differences between the groups with and without periodontal disease, exercise did not demonstrate an impact on rats with the disease. IL-1β analysis did not detect any measurable values in the samples in either group. Discussion These findings indicate that the applied exercise protocol was not sufficient to attenuate the progression of periodontal disease. This study did not find an effective impact of physical exercise on the analyzed parameters; however, the results are important in highlighting that the experimental animal model for inducing periodontal disease is efficient, which may encourage further investigations to determine factors that can attenuate its progression. Similarly, the application or development of new exercise protocols that can benefit and enrich the discussion on its positive effects in this disease is important, as there is already evidence suggesting an effective relationship between exercise and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Borges Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Reimann Baptista
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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de Moura JA, de Morais J, Barbosa SMN, Ferreira MC, de Sousa Neto IV, Leite HR, Oliveira MX, Gaiad TP, Santos AP. Negative neuromuscular and functional repercussion of forced swimming after axonotmesis. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:179-186. [PMID: 35846236 PMCID: PMC9271644 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244150.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are cause of sensory disturbances and in functional abilities, and are associated personal and social costs. Strategies that maximize nerve regeneration and functional recovery are necessary, the exercise is an option. This study evaluated the effects of forced swimming exercise on neuromuscular histomorphometry and on functional recovery in a median nerve crush model. Sixteen Wistar rats underwent median nerve crush and were divided into control group (CG) and swimming group (SG). The forced swimming protocol started one week after the injury and was performed for 1 hr a day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. The rats swam with an overload of 5% and 10% of body weight in the first and second week, respectively. The functional recovery was assessed in three moments using the grasping test. On day 21, fragments of the median nerve and of the forearm flexors muscles were removed for histomorphometric analysis. The SG had functional recovery impaired (P<0.001) and presented lower myelinated fibers number, fiber and axon minimal diameter, myelin thickness and g-ratio in the proximal e distal segments of the median nerve (P<0.005) and area muscle fiber (P<0.005) than CG. Also, the SG presented a number of capillaries in the proximal segments of the median nerve greater than CG (P<0.005). The exercise protocol used in this study impaired the regeneration of the median nerve and negatively influenced the functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Araújo de Moura
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Morais
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samara Maria Neves Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcílio Coelho Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Murilo Xavier Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Peixoto Gaiad
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Ana Paula Santos, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil,
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Sadeghian R, Shahidi S, Komaki A, Habibi P, Ahmadiasl N, Yousefi H, Daghigh F. Synergism effect of swimming exercise and genistein on the inflammation, oxidative stress, and VEGF expression in the retina of diabetic-ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2021; 284:119931. [PMID: 34480934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Retinal neovascularization is one of the visual disorders during the postmenopausal period or types two diabetes. Physical activities and also phytoestrogens with powerful antioxidant features have been widely considered to improve nervous system diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of genistein, swimming exercise, and their co-treatment on retina angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetic-ovariectomized rats. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8 per group): sham, ovariectomized group (OVX), OVX + diabetes (OVX.D), OVX.D+ genistein (1 mg/kg, eight weeks; daily SC), OVX.D + exercise (eight weeks), and OVX.D+ genistein+exercise (eight weeks). At the end of 8 weeks, the retina was removed under anesthesia. The assessed effects of treatment were by measuring MiR-146a and miR-132 expression via RT-PCR, the protein levels of ERK, MMP-2, VEGF, and NF-κB via western blotting, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers levels via the Eliza. KEY FINDINGS The results showed miR-132, miR-146b, and MMP-2, NF-κB, ERK, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β proteins, and MDA factor in the OVX.D group were increased, but glutathione (GSH) was decreased in comparison with the sham and OVX groups. Both exercise and genistein treatment has reversed the disorder caused by diabetes. However, the combination of exercise and genistein was more effective than each treatment alone. SIGNIFICANCE It can be concluded that the interaction of exercise and genistein on microRNAs and their target protein was affected in the inflammation, stress oxidative, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase pathways, can leading to a decrease in impairment of retinal neovascularization of the ovariectomized diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ahmadiasl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Approaching reactive species in the frame of their clinical significance: A toxicological appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111206. [PMID: 32113950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox biology and toxicology are interrelated fields that have produced valuable evidence regarding the role and clinical significance of reactive species. These issues are analyzed herein by presenting 6 arguments, as follows: Argument 1: There is no direct connection of redox-related pathologies with specific reactive species; Argument 2: The measurement of reactive species concentration is a major challenge due to their very short half lives; Argument 3: There is an interplay between reactive species generation and fundamental biological processes, such as energy metabolism; Argument 4: Reactive species exert beneficial biological action; Argument 5: Reactive species follow the hormesis phenomenon; Argument 6: Oxidative modifications of redox-related molecules are not necessarily interpreted as oxidative damage. We conclude that reactive species do not seem to exert clinical significance, which means that they lack a measurable cause-effect relation with chronic diseases. Unpredictable results could, nevertheless, arise through novel experimental setups applied in the field of toxicology. These are related to the real-life exposure scenario via the regimen of long-term low-dose (far below NOAEL) exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics and can potentially offer perspectives in order to investigate in depth whether or not reactive species can be introduced as clinically significant redox biomarkers.
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Kourtzidis IA, Dolopikou CF, Tsiftsis AN, Margaritelis NV, Theodorou AA, Zervos IA, Tsantarliotou MP, Veskoukis AS, Vrabas IS, Paschalis V, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation dysregulates redox and energy metabolism in rats: Implications for exercise performance. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1357-1366. [PMID: 30007015 DOI: 10.1113/ep086964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the potential metabolic and redox mechanisms that impaired exercise performance after 21 days of supplementation with 300 mg (kg body weight)-1 of nicotinamide riboside in rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Nicotinamide riboside disturbed energy and redox metabolism and impaired exercise performance in heathy rats. Exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects. ABSTRACT Nicotinamide riboside is a recently discovered form of vitamin B3 that can increase NAD(P) levels. NAD(P) plays key roles in energy metabolism, and its main function is the transfer of electrons in various cellular reactions. Research in aged or diseased mice reported that nicotinamide riboside increases NAD(H) levels, reduces morbidity and improves health and muscle function. We have recently shown that in healthy young rats, chronic administration of nicotinamide riboside marginally non-significantly decreased exercise performance by 35% (P = 0.071). As a follow-up to this finding, we analysed samples from these animals, in an attempt to reveal the potential mechanisms driving this adverse effect, focusing on redox homeostasis and bioenergetics. Thirty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 9), nicotinamide riboside (n = 10) and exercise plus nicotinamide riboside (n = 9). Nicotinamide riboside was administered for 21 days [300 mg (kg body weight)-1 daily]. At the end of administration, the exercise and the exercise plus nicotinamide riboside groups performed an incremental swimming performance test until exhaustion. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation increased the levels of NADPH in the liver (P = 0.050), increased the levels of F2 -isoprostanes in plasma (P = 0.047), decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.017), glutathione reductase (P < 0.001) and catalase (P = 0.024) in erythrocytes, increased the level of glycogen in the liver (P < 0.001) and decreased the concentration of glucose (P = 0.016) and maximal lactate accumulation in plasma (P = 0.084). These findings support the prevailing idea that exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects and not necessarily to beneficial or neutral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Kourtzidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - C F Dolopikou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - A N Tsiftsis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N V Margaritelis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I A Zervos
- Department of Animal Structure and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M P Tsantarliotou
- Department of Animal Structure and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A S Veskoukis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - I S Vrabas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - V Paschalis
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kyparos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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