Development of nanostructured bioplastic material for wound healing

Effect of Bioplastic Material on Adhesion, Growth, and Proliferative Activity of Human Fibroblasts When Incubated in Solutions Mimic the Acidity of Wound an Acute and Chronic Inflammation

INTRODUCTION

One of the key stages of wound healing is the phase of inflammation, which is a transitional process between hemostasis and wound healing. Each stage of the inflammatory-reparative process is characterized by its own value of the acidity of the wound bed. For example, in the acute stage of inflammation, the acidity of the medium in the wound bed decreases to pH 5.5-6. The chronic stage of the inflammatory process, on the contrary, is accompanied by an increase in pH to 8. To date, the effect of biomaterials containing components of the intercellular matrix of the human dermis on fibroblasts under acidosis and alkalosis has not been fully investigated.

AIM

The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of bioplastic material based on collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin on the viability and proliferative activity of human fibroblasts in conditions simulating the acidity of acute and chronic wounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Bioplastic material was made according to the method described in RF patent no. 2722744. Adhesive properties and proliferative activity of human fibroblasts were assessed visually using fluorescent microscopy. The number of apoptotic and necrotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry (BD FACSCanto II) using the commercial FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD Pharmingen). The strength, Young's modulus, and elasticity of the gels were determined on a TA.XT-plus texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems, Great Britain).

RESULTS

Using the methods of luminescent microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that the cell viability (namely, adhesive properties and proliferative activity) decreases after incubation on condition mimic of physiological acidosis. We found that bioplastic material contributes to the preservation of adhesive properties, viability, and proliferative activity of fibroblasts in physiological acidosis conditions. The results obtained indicate that bioplastic material based on soluble dermis components can be used as a biologically active component of wound dressings to increase the effectiveness of reparative regeneration, especially in cases of excessive acute inflammation.

Estimation of the repair efficiency of collagen matrices on the model of thermal burn

Background. In the world, dozens of new local wound healing agents are developed and improved every year, which undergo preliminary tests on laboratory animals due to the presence of common phases of the course of the wound process with humans.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing effect of matrices obtained on the basis of the recycling of collagen-containing waste.

Materials and methods. Collagen matrices are obtained from substandard leather raw materials subjected to treatment with fermented milk composition (KM1) and lactic acid (KM2). The wound healing effect was studied on the model of thermal burns on Wistar rats in 5 groups: 1st – control (natural wound healing); 2nd – experimental 1 (processing KM1); 3rd – experimental 2 (processing KM2); 4th – experimental 3, comparison group (“Levomekol”) and 5th – intact animals (normal, without burns). Wound healing was assessed by the results of planimetry on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 and by histological analysis of the skin tissue on days 6, 13, and 20. On days 6 and 13, the summary antioxidant activity, the total content of leukocytes, erythrocytes, the activity of the catalase enzyme, and the content of malondialdehyde were determined in the blood of rats.

Results. With thermal damage to the skin, an IIIA degree burn was formed, accompanied by the development of dry coagulation necrosis. The use of collagen matrices restored the total content of leukocytes, reduced the area of the burn wound, normalized the content of malondialdehyde, the total antioxidant activity and the activity of catalase in the blood. Histomorphometric studies have confirmed the dynamics of skin tissue recovery after a burn. The effectiveness of the use of matrices was comparable to the pharmacopoeial drug “Levomekol”. A higher wound healing effect was noted when using the KM1 matrix.

Conclusion. On the model of thermal burn, the wound-healing effect of collagen matrices was established, as evidenced by the results of restoring the number of leukocytes, reducing the area of the burn wound and restoring the histostructure of the skin. One of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of wound healing is the inhibition of lipid peroxidation reactions and the restoration of the antioxidant potential of the body.