Unmasking of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis- macrophage activation syndrome (HLA-MAS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

Using Diagnostic Radiological Imaging Modalities to Explore Neurological Dysfunction and Renal Failure in the Intersection of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome, and Lupus

This comprehensive case report and literature review explore the intricate intersection of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a 39-year-old patient, emphasizing the challenging diagnostic and therapeutic landscape. The patient's journey includes neurological dysfunction, renal failure, and clinical complexities, showcasing the rarity of these overlapping conditions. The report explains the diagnostic process, clinical and laboratory findings, specialty consultations, and treatment decisions leading to the diagnosis of SLE with features of MAS overlapping with HLH. By offering insights into the latest research and clinical perspectives, this case report contributes to a deeper understanding of these disorders, aiming to guide clinicians in recognizing and managing such intricate cases effectively.