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Moradzadeh M, Kargar M, Erfanian S, Haghshenas MR, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Rahmanian K, Sotoodeh Jahromi A. Effect of Crocin and Crocetin Compared to Cyclophosphamide on the Expression Level of miRNA-16-1 in a B Cell Transformed with EBV Virus Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:3179-3185. [PMID: 39342597 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.9.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crocin and Crocetin are compounds that have shown promising therapeutic potentials in various medical contexts. To date, the effect of crocin and crocetin on the expression level of miRNA-16-1 in Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-induced lymphoma has not been investigated. This research delved into a comparative analysis of the cytotoxic effects of crocin and crocetin compared to cyclophosphamide, the main drug used in the treatment of lymphoma and PTLD, on B-cell lymphoma infected with EBV (cell line CO 88BV59-1). Additionally, the study examines the changes in miRNA-16-1 expression following these treatments in this cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS CO 88BV59-1 LCL cells were treated with crocin, crocetin (0.2 to 200 μM), and cyclophosphamide (0.05 to 50 μM) for 72 hours. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using resazurin and Annexin V/PI techniques, respectively. Additionally, the expression of miRNA-16-1-3p and miRNA-16-1-5p was determined using the Real-Time PCR method. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple comparisons post-hoc test. RESULTS Crocin and crocetin inhibited the proliferation and apoptosis caused by EBV-infected cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The expression levels of miRNA-16-1-3p and miRNA-16-1-5p remained unchanged in cells treated with crocin and crocetin. CONCLUSION The study found that the cytotoxic effect of Crocin, Crocetin, and Cyclophosphamide on CO 88BV59-1 LCL is independent of the expression level of miRNA-16-1. The results showed a reduction in cell survival and an increase in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Moradzadeh
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Saeideh Erfanian
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karamatollah Rahmanian
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Golestani A, Rahimi A, Najafzadeh M, Sayadi M, Sajjadi SM. "Combination treatments of imatinib with astaxanthin and crocin efficiently ameliorate antioxidant status, inflammation and cell death progression in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:108. [PMID: 38227060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Crocin (CRC) and astaxanthin (ATX) are phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. AIMS This study aimed to explore the effects of combination treatment of Imatinib with CRC and ATX on Imatinib-resistant K562 (IR-K562) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS After the establishment of IR-K562 cells, growth inhibitory activity was determined by the MTT assay. To test the regeneration potential, a colony formation assay was performed. Cell cycle analyses were examined by flow cytometry. Cell injury was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Real-time PCR was applied to assess the expression of IL6, TNF-α, STAT3, BAD, CASP3, TP53, and Bcl-2 genes. Caspase-3 activity was determined by a colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was measured using a diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. After 48 h of treatment, ATX (IC50 = 30µM) and CRC (IC50 = 190µM) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability, induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell injury, upregulated the expression of apoptosis-associated genes, and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic and inflammatory genes. The combination of IM with ATX and/or CRC synergistically reduced cell viability (combination index [CI] < 1). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that IM shows better therapeutic efficacy at lower doses when combined with ATX and/or CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Golestani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahsa Najafzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sayadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Bao X, Hu J, Zhao Y, Jia R, Zhang H, Xia L. Advances on the anti-tumor mechanisms of the carotenoid Crocin. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15535. [PMID: 37404473 PMCID: PMC10315134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron is located in the upper part of the crocus stigma of iridaceae, which has a long history of medicinal use. Crocin (molecular formula C44H64O24) is a natural floral glycoside ester compound extracted from saffron, which is a type carotenoid. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that crocin has multiple therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-stone effects. In recent years, crocin has been widely noticed due to its considerable anti-tumor effects manifested by the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity and improvement of immune status. The anti-tumor effects have been shown in various malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. In this review, we compiled recent studies on the anti-tumor effects of crocin and summarized its anti-tumor mechanism for developing ideas of treating malignancies and exploring anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxun Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Third Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixue Jia
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Lei Xia
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Azizi E, Fouladdel S, Komeili Movahhed T, Modaresi F, Barzegar E, Ghahremani MH, Ostad SN, Atashpour S. Quercetin Effects on Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis and Doxorubicin Activity in T47D Cancer Stem Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4145-4154. [PMID: 36579996 PMCID: PMC9971456 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Targeting breast cancer stem cells with the CD44+/CD24- phenotype is critical for complete eradication of cancer cells due to its Self-renewal, differentiation, and therapeutic resistance ability. Quercetin is a popular flavonoid with lower adverse effects and has anti-tumor properties. Therefore, we assessed the anticancer activity of Quercetin and Doxorubicin alone and in combination in the T47D cells of human breast cancer and their isolated Cancer stem cells (CSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The human breast cancer cell line T47D was used for this experiment. T47D CSCs were isolated by magnetic bead sorting using the MACS system. The anticancer activity of Quercetin and Doxorubicin alone and in combination were evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assay and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS We have shown that almost 1% of T47D cell populations are made up of CD44+/CD24- cells, which considered as cancer stem cells. Quercetin and Doxorubicin alone or in combination inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells and in lower extent in CD44+/CD24- cells. Quercetin significantly strengthened Doxorubicin's cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in both cell populations. Quercetin and Doxorubicin and their combination induced G2/M arrest in the T47D cells and to a lesser extent in isolated CSCs. A value of p < 0.05 was considered as indicating a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION These outcomes suggested that CSCs are a minor population of cancer cells, which play a significant role in drug resistance by being quiescent, slow cycling and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, our data showed that adding Quercetin to Doxorubicin is an effective approach for the treatment of both CSCs and bulk tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Azizi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Shamileh Fouladdel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Farzan Modaresi
- Departments of Microbiology, Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology,Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran..
| | - Elmira Barzegar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad H Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Naser Ostad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shekoufeh Atashpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. ,For Correspondence:
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An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061074. [PMID: 35739971 PMCID: PMC9220052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. has various pharmacological properties, known for over 3600 years. These properties are attributed mainly to biologically active substances, which belong to the terpenoid group and include crocins, picrocrocin and safranal. The aim of the current work was to examine the effects of crocins (CRCs) and their methyl ester derivate dimethylcrocetin (DMCRT) on glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, in terms of cytotoxicity and gene expression, implicated in proapoptotic and cell survival pathways. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed with Alamar Blue fluorescence assay after treatment with saffron carotenoids for 24, 48 and 72 h and concentrations ranging from 22.85 to 0.18 mg/mL for CRCs and 11.43 to 0.09 mg/mL for DMCRT. In addition, BAX, BID, BCL2, MYCN, SOD1, and GSTM1 gene expression was studied by qRT-PCR analysis. Both compounds demonstrated cytotoxic effects against glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. They induced apoptosis, via BAX and BID upregulation, MYCN and BCL-2, SOD1, GSTM1 downregulation. The current research denotes the possible anticancer properties of saffron carotenoids, which are considered safe phytochemicals, already tested in clinical trials for their health promoting properties.
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