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Pukkila J, Vääräsmäki M, Eteläinen S, Mustaniemi S, Nikkinen H, Gissler M, Männistö T, Laivuori H, Kajantie E, Keikkala E. The recurrence risk of gestational diabetes according to the number of abnormal values in the oral glucose tolerance test. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2025. [PMID: 40318017 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results may be used to estimate the risk of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a subsequent pregnancy in the different study settings. This study assesses the association between the number of abnormal glucose values in the OGTT in the first pregnancy and GDM recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy in a Nordic cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS This register-based cohort study included 1677 women who had their first singleton delivery in 2009, underwent a 75 g 2-h OGTT during the pregnancy, and gave birth at least once more within 10 years according to the Finnish Medical Birth Register. The cut-off values were as follows: ≥5.3 mmol/L at fasting, ≥10.0 mmol/L at 1 h, and ≥8.6 mmol/L at 2 h. The odds ratio (OR) for GDM recurrence in the second pregnancy was analyzed via multivariable logistic regression adjusted for other potential factors associated with recurrence risk. RESULTS During the first pregnancy, GDM was diagnosed in 331 (24.5%) women based on one (n = 250) or two or three (n = 81) abnormal glucose values in the OGTT. The total recurrence rate for GDM in the subsequent pregnancy was 56.2%. The rate differed significantly between women with one (51.6%) and women with two or three (70.4%) abnormal values in first-pregnancy OGTT. Compared with those with normal OGTT results, the adjusted OR (aOR) for GDM in the subsequent pregnancy in women with one abnormal glucose value was 6.00 (95% CI, 4.34-8.30), while it was 13.37 (7.52-23.76) in women with two or three abnormal values. The odds for GDM recurrence among those with two or three abnormal glucose values was double compared to those with only one abnormal value (aOR 2.03, 1.12-3.68). CONCLUSIONS Primiparous women with one abnormal glucose value in the first OGTT have remarkable odds of GDM recurrence, with the odds doubling when there are two or three abnormal values during the first pregnancy. These findings can be used when planning effective counseling, prevention, and screening strategies for GDM in the subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Pukkila
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Eteläinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Mustaniemi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Hilkka Nikkinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Datasets and Dataproducts Unit, Department of Data and Analytics, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tuija Männistö
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint County Authority for ISLAB Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland
- Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elina Keikkala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
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The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in gynecological and obstetrical diseases: an update review. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miele MJ, Souza RT, Calderon IM, Feitosa FE, Leite DF, Rocha Filho EA, Vettorazzi J, Mayrink J, Fernandes KG, Vieira MC, Pacagnella RC, Cecatti JG. Maternal Nutrition Status Associated with Pregnancy-Related Adverse Outcomes. Nutrients 2021; 13:2398. [PMID: 34371906 PMCID: PMC8308922 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although maternal nutrition has an impact on fetal development and gestational outcome, tracking maternal nutrition in outpatient practice is still complex and involves proper technical capacitation in this area. Nevertheless, the association between nutritional variables may broaden the ability to predict the occurrence of gestational disorders and prevention management. We aimed to identify factors that could indicate the probability of adverse outcomes in mid-pregnancy. From a cohort of 1165 nulliparous pregnant women without any previous disease, the nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), associated with dietary patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. Two predictive models with nutritional status for screening the occurrence of adverse outcomes of preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus, small-for-gestational-age newborns and preeclampsia were developed. The odds of adverse outcomes were higher in non-white (p < 0.05) obese women and with high protein consumption. There was no significant difference between the models, with an overall accuracy of 63% for both models and a probability of success in predicting adverse outcomes (BMI = 61%, MUAC = 52%). This study of Brazilian pregnant nulliparous women offers two possible options for early tracking of adverse gestational outcomes that should be further externally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Miele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Renato T Souza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Iracema M Calderon
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Francisco E Feitosa
- MEAC–Maternity School of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil;
| | - Debora F Leite
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | - Edilberto A Rocha Filho
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | - Janete Vettorazzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity Hospital, Federal University of RS, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil;
| | - Jussara Mayrink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Karayna G Fernandes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jundiai School of Medicine, Jundiaí 13202-550, SP, Brazil
| | - Matias C Vieira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
- Division of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rodolfo C Pacagnella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
| | - José G. Cecatti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil; (M.J.M.); (R.T.S.); (D.F.L.); (J.M.); (K.G.F.); (M.C.V.); (R.C.P.)
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Jung CH, Jung SH, Choi D, Kim BY, Kim CH, Mok JO. Gestational diabetes in Korea: Temporal trends in prevalence, treatment, and short-term consequences from a national health insurance claims database between 2012 and 2016. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108586. [PMID: 33316311 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate recent trends in the prevalence and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. We also investigated trends in annual prevalence rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and cesarean section (C-section) in GDM patients. METHODS We used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database, 2012-2016. Non-GDM (n = 53,698) and GDM (n = 7956) patient data were analyzed for each year. RESULTS The annual increase in the prevalence of GDM was 11.1% over 2012-2016, with a significant continuously increasing trend (p < 0.0001). Age-stratified analysis showed that the annual prevalence of GDM significantly increased in patients below 40 years of age, but was not statistically significant as an increasing trend in patients above 40 years of age. Annual PIH prevalence rate among GDM women showed decreasing trend but was not statistically significant. An annual increase in C-section rate above 5% in GDM patients was statistically significant in both unadjusted and adjusted for age and PIH models. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of GDM in Korean women and C-section rates in women with GDM showed a significantly increasing trend, 2012-2016. There is a need for further efforts to monitor this trend and to identify associated risk factors for GDM in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cha University School of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Dughyun Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, South Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, South Korea
| | - Ji-Oh Mok
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, South Korea.
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Kim JA, Kim J, Roh E, Hong SH, Lee YB, Baik SH, Choi KM, Noh E, Hwang SY, Cho GJ, Yoo HJ. Association of fasting plasma glucose variability with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001084. [PMID: 32327443 PMCID: PMC7202745 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term glycemic variability has recently been recognized as another risk factor for future adverse health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the prepregnancy long-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 164 053 women who delivered their first baby between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015, were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance data. All women underwent at least three national health screening examinations, and the last examination should be conducted within 2 years before their first delivery. GDM was defined as the presence of more than four times of claim of GDM (International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICD-10) O24.4 and O24.9) or prescription of insulin under the ICD-code of GDM. FPG variability was assessed by variability independent of the mean (FPG-VIM), coefficient of variation, SD, and average successive variability. RESULTS Among the 164 053 women, GDM developed in 6627 (4.04%). Those in the higher quartiles of FPG-VIM showed a stepwise increased risk of GDM. In fully adjusted model, the ORs for GDM was 1.22 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.31) in women with the highest FPG-VIM quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile. The risk for GDM requiring insulin therapy was 48% increase in women in the highest quartile of FPG-VIM compared with those in the lowest quartile, while that for GDM not requiring insulin therapy was 19% increase. The association between high FPG variability and the risk of GDM was intensified in the obese and aged more than 35 years women. CONCLUSIONS Increased FPG variability in the prepregnancy state is associated with the risk of GDM independent of confounding factors. Therefore, prepregnancy FPG variability might be a surrogate marker of the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Noh
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim MH, Kwak SH, Kim SH, Hong JS, Chung HR, Choi SH, Kim MY, Jang HC. Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Additionally Diagnosed as Gestational Diabetes by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Criteria. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:766-775. [PMID: 30877713 PMCID: PMC6943275 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the pregnancy outcomes in women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria but not by the Carpenter-Coustan (CC) criteria. METHODS A total of 8,735 Korean pregnant women were identified at two hospitals between 2014 and 2016. Among them, 2,038 women participated in the prospective cohort to investigate pregnancy outcomes. Diagnosis of GDM was made via two-step approach with 50-g glucose challenge test for screening followed by diagnostic 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Women were divided into three groups: non-GDM, GDM diagnosed exclusively by the IADPSG criteria, and GDM diagnosed by the CC criteria. RESULTS The incidence of GDM was 2.1% according to the CC criteria, and 4.1% by the IADPSG criteria. Women diagnosed with GDM by the IADPSG criteria had a higher body mass index (22.0±3.1 kg/m² vs. 21.0±2.8 kg/m², P<0.001) and an increased risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR], 6.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84 to 25.87; P=0.004) compared to non-GDM women. Compared to neonates of the non-GDM group, those of the IADPSG GDM group had an increased risk of being large for gestational age (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.81; P<0.001), macrosomia (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.26 to 5.10; P=0.009), and neonatal hypoglycemia (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.01 to 14.74; P=0.049); they were also at an increased risk of requiring phototherapy (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.31; P=0.022) compared to the non-GDM group. CONCLUSION The IADPSG criteria increased the incidence of GDM by nearly three-fold, and women diagnosed with GDM by the IADPSG criteria had an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak C Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Sargis RM, Simmons RA. Environmental neglect: endocrine disruptors as underappreciated but potentially modifiable diabetes risk factors. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1811-1822. [PMID: 31451869 PMCID: PMC7462102 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing dramatically across the globe, imposing a tremendous toll on individuals and healthcare systems. Reversing these trends requires comprehensive approaches to address both classical and emerging diabetes risk factors. Recently, environmental toxicants acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have emerged as novel metabolic disease risk factors. EDCs implicated in diabetes pathogenesis include various inorganic and organic molecules of both natural and synthetic origin, including arsenic, bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Indeed, evidence implicates EDC exposures across the lifespan in metabolic dysfunction; moreover, specific developmental windows exhibit enhanced sensitivity to EDC-induced metabolic disruption, with potential impacts across generations. Importantly, differential exposures to diabetogenic EDCs likely also contribute to racial/ethnic and economic disparities. Despite these emerging links, clinical practice guidelines fail to address this underappreciated diabetes risk factor. Comprehensive approaches to stem the tide of diabetes must include efforts to address its environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- ChicAgo Center for Health and EnvironmenT (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Han L, Duan D, Zhang S, Li W, Wang L, Liu H, Leng J, Li N, Shang X, Hu G, Qi L. Effects of the interaction between glycated haemoglobin genetic risk score and postpartum weight reduction on glycaemic changes: A gene-weight interaction analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2733-2739. [PMID: 29974585 PMCID: PMC6231972 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the interaction between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) genetic risk score and weight changes during and after pregnancy (postpartum weight reduction and gestational weight gain) on long-term glycaemic changes in the largest cohort of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort using the baseline data from the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Programme. A genetic risk score was established by combining 10 HbA1c-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which were identified by genome-wide association studies. General linear regression models were applied to evaluate the effect of interaction between HbA1c genetic risk score and weight changes during and after pregnancy (postpartum weight reduction and gestational weight gain) on glycaemic changes. RESULTS 'A total of 1156 women with a history of GDM were included in this respective cohort study. Statistical differences in pre-pregnancy weight, pre-delivery weight and postpartum weight were evidenced across different groups of postpartum weight reduction. After adjusting for covariates, statistical significance for changes in HbA1c level was only observed in the postpartum weight reduction <5 kg/y group (P = 0.002), and a significant effect of interaction between HbA1c genetic risk score and postpartum weight reduction on long-term changes in HbA1c was evidenced (P interaction = 0.01). In women with postpartum weight reduction ≥8 kg/y, those with a lower HbA1c genetic risk score had a greater decrease in HbA1c level. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c genetic risk score interacts with postpartum weight reduction to affect long-term changes in HbA1c levels among women with a history of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Donghui Duan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Chronic Disease, Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Children's Pediatrics, Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schaefer KK, Xiao W, Chen Q, He J, Lu J, Chan F, Chen N, Yuan M, Xia H, Lam KBH, Hirst JE, Qiu X. Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 143:164-171. [PMID: 30030928 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess potential risk factors in identifying women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS The present study included data collected as part of a prospective cohort study, and included women with singleton pregnancies who underwent initial prenatal examination at a tertiary women and children's hospital in Guangzhou, China between February 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. Maternal characteristics and medical history were investigated to evaluate associations with GDM. A risk factor scoring system for the prediction of GDM was generated using logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 1129 (13.5%) of 8381 women were diagnosed with GDM. Women older than 35 years had a 3.95-fold increased risk of GDM (95% confidence interval 2.80-5.58) compared with women aged 16-25 years; obese women had a 6.54-fold higher risk (95% confidence interval 3.50-12.23) compared with underweight women. A risk scoring system was established based on age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, weight gain, and history of GDM. Screening for women with a score of 12 or more would have reduced the number undergoing oral glucose tolerance testing by 2131 (25.4%) patients with a sensitivity of 87% for GDM detection. CONCLUSION The assessment of risk factors for GDM could provide a foundation for improving risk-based screening strategies in this and similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Schaefer
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wanqing Xiao
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Chan
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niannian Chen
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Yuan
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jane E Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Teng F, Wu J, Wei M, Yang Y. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in umbilical vascular of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the clinical significance. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:914-918. [PMID: 29399099 PMCID: PMC5772894 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in umbilical vascular of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the clinical significance. A total of 103 pregnant women with GDM were selected in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to December 2016 as GDM group. At the same time, 106 normal pregnant women were selected as control group. i) General information of the two groups of pregnant women including age, gestational age, gravida, parity, BMI, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were compared; ii) the laboratory indicators of the two groups of pregnant women including fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), umbilical cord arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) in umbilical artery were compared; iii) expression of ICAM-1 in umbilical vascular was detected by immunohistochemistry; iv) expression levels of ICAM-1 in umbilical vascular of the two groups of patients were compared. i) There was no significant difference in the age, smoking, gestational age, gravida, parity, BMI, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (p>0.05); ii) no significant differences in HbA1c, umbilical cord arterial pH, pO2 and pCO2 were found between the groups (p>0.05); iii) ICAM-1 was expressed in umbilical vessels of both groups of pregant women; iv) no significant differences in expression levels of ICAM-1 in umbilical artery and umbilical vein endothelial cells were found between the groups (p>0.05). Therefore, GDM patients with good blood glucose control have no umbilical cord endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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11
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Jeon EJ, Hong SY, Lee JH. Adipokines and Insulin Resistance According to Characteristics of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2017; 41:457-465. [PMID: 29199407 PMCID: PMC5741555 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate adipokines concentration and insulin resistance according to maternal age or obesity at pregnancy and weight change at diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women with GDM. METHODS This study included 57 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. The subjects were classified into two or three groups according to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI, <25 kg/m² vs. ≥25 kg/m²), maternal age at pregnancy (<35 years old vs. ≥35 years old), and weight change during pregnancy at screening for GDM (weight change below, within, and in excess of the recommended range). They were respectively compared in each group. RESULTS Leptin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA2-%B were increased in the group with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m². Leptin and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with BMI both before pregnancy and at screening for GDM. There were no significant correlations between HOMA-IR and adipokines. HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with HOMA2-%B and negative correlation with HOMA2-%S. CONCLUSION Leptin and HOMA-IR at diagnosed GDM were increased in the GDM patients with obesity before pregnancy. They were positively correlated with BMI both before pregnancy and at screening for GDM. The effect of maternal age at pregnancy and weight change during pregnancy at GDM screening on adipokines and insulin resistance might be less pronounced than the effect of maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon Ju Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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12
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Chung SM, Moon JS. Simple Screening Using Ultrasonography for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2017; 41:438-439. [PMID: 29272082 PMCID: PMC5741552 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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13
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de Carvalho AM, Shao P, Liu H, Cheng HL, Zheng Y, Leng J, Li W, Huang T, Wang T, Wang L, Zhang S, Hu G, Qi L. The MC4R genotype is associated with postpartum weight reduction and glycemic changes among women with prior gestational diabetes: longitudinal analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9654. [PMID: 28852042 PMCID: PMC5575005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic variants near the Melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R), a key protein regulating energy balance and adiposity, have been related to obesity and glucose metabolism. We aimed to assess whether the MC4R genotype affected longitudinal changes in body weight and glucose metabolism biomarkers among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The MC4R genotype, postpartum weight reduction, and glycemic changes between after delivery and pregnancy were assessed in a cohort of 1208 Chinese women who had experienced GDM. The adiposity-increasing allele (C) of the MC4R variant rs6567160 was associated with greater postpartum increase of HbA1c (β = 0.08%; P = 0.03) and 2-hour OGTT glucose concentrations (β = 0.25 mmol/L; P = 0.02). In addition, we found an interaction between the MC4R genotype and postpartum weight reduction on changes in fasting plasma glucose (P-interaction = 0.03). We found that the MC4R genotype was associated with postpartum glycemic changes; and the association with fasting glucose were significantly modified by postpartum weight reduction in women who had experienced GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Martins de Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo School of Public Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ping Shao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Han-Ling Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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14
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Moon JH, Kwak SH, Jang HC. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:26-41. [PMID: 28049284 PMCID: PMC5214732 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, is characterized by underlying maternal defects in the β-cell response to insulin during pregnancy. Women with a previous history of GDM have a greater than 7-fold higher risk of developing postpartum diabetes compared with women without GDM. Various risk factors for postpartum diabetes have been identified, including maternal age, glucose levels in pregnancy, family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy and postpartum body mass index, dietary patterns, physical activity, and breastfeeding. Genetic studies revealed that GDM shares common genetic variants with type 2 diabetes. A number of lifestyle interventional trials that aimed to ameliorate modifiable risk factors, including diet, exercise, and breastfeeding, succeeded in reducing the incidence of postpartum diabetes, weight retention, and other obesity-related morbidities. The present review summarizes the findings of previous studies on the incidence and risk factors of postpartum diabetes and discusses recent lifestyle interventional trials that attempted to prevent postpartum diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak C. Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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15
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Kim KS, Kim SK, Cho YW, Park SW. Diagnostic value of haemoglobin A 1c in post-partum screening of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1668-1672. [PMID: 26996814 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate whether women with gestational diabetes mellitus could be screened using HbA1c for glucose metabolism status at 6-12 weeks post-partum. METHODS We enrolled 699 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus from October 2005 to December 2013. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c measurement were performed at 6-12 weeks after delivery. RESULTS The prevalence of overt diabetes and pre-diabetes were 5.2% (n = 36) and 49.1% (n = 343), respectively, when using the 75-g OGTT as the gold standard. HbA1c alone identified 2.9% (n = 20) as having overt diabetes and 32.2% (n = 225) as having pre-diabetes. When American Diabetes Association cut-offs were applied, the sensitivity and specificity for HbA1c to diagnose overt diabetes were 19.4% and 98.0%, respectively. Pre-diabetes, according to the HbA1c criterion, had 41.2% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity. The misclassifications identified 97 positive differences, 233 negative differences and 369 ties (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for detecting diabetes and pre-diabetes were 0.615 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.515 to 0.716] and 0.588 (95% CI, 0.545 to 0.630), respectively. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c may not be sensitive enough for an accurate diagnosis, but it is highly specific for diagnosing overt diabetes at 6-12 weeks post-partum in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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16
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Comparison of the performance of screening test for gestational diabetes in singleton versus twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2015; 58:439-45. [PMID: 26623406 PMCID: PMC4663220 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2015.58.6.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We compared the performance of the 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) in singleton versus twin pregnancies and investigated the need for adjusting GCT cutoff values for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in twin pregnancies among Korean women. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in women who underwent GCT at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation and delivered in our department between January 2000 and April 2008. GCT performance was compared between singleton and twin pregnancies for an ideal cutoff value of the GCT for GDM screening. Results GCT results were available in 3,578 pregnancies (3,435 singleton and 143 twin pregnancies). The mean GCT value was higher in the twin group than in the singleton group. Women in the twin group had a higher mean GCT value (P=0.043) and a higher incidence of GCT ≥130, ≥135, and ≥140 mg/dL (P=0.014, 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). The false positive rate for GCT ≥140 mg/dL was significantly higher in the twin than in the singleton group (P=0.042). The optimal GCT screening cutoff value appears to be ≥145 mg/dL in twin pregnancies. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the GCT is associated with a higher false positive rate in twin rather than singleton pregnancies. This study suggests we should consider adjusting the GCT cutoff value for GDM in Korean twin pregnancies.
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Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally, particularly in Asia. According to the 2013 Diabetes Atlas, an estimated 366 million people are affected by diabetes worldwide; 36% of those affected live in the Western Pacific region, with a significant proportion in East Asia. The reasons for this marked increase in the prevalence of diabetes can be extrapolated from several distinct features of the Asian region. First, the two most populated countries, China and India, are located in Asia. Second, Asians have experienced extremely rapid economic growth, including rapid changes in dietary patterns, during the past decades. As a result, Asians tend to have more visceral fat within the same body mass index range compared with Westerners. In addition, increased insulin resistance relative to reduced insulin secretory function is another important feature of Asian individuals with diabetes. Young age of disease onset is also a distinctive characteristic of these patients. Moreover, changing dietary patterns, such as increased consumption of white rice and processed red meat, contributes to the deteriorated lifestyle of this region. Recent studies suggest a distinctive responsiveness to novel anti-diabetic agents in Asia; however, further research and efforts to reverse the increasing prevalence of diabetes are needed worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Ao D, Wang HJ, Wang LF, Song JY, Yang HX, Wang Y. The rs2237892 Polymorphism in KCNQ1 Influences Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Glucose Levels: A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128901. [PMID: 26039078 PMCID: PMC4454508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent genetic studies have shown that potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member1 (KCNQ1) gene is related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, studies for the rs2237892 polymorphism in KCNQ1 and GDM remain conflicting in Asians. Furthermore, associations of this polymorphism with glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) have not been described in Chinese pregnant women. The present study aimed to provide evidence for the associations of rs2237892 in KCNQ1 with GDM and glucose levels, and to systematically evaluate the effect of rs2237892 on GDM in Asians. METHODS A case-control study on 562 women with GDM and 453 controls was conducted in Beijing, China. The association of rs2237892 with risk of GDM was analyzed using logistic regression. The associations with quantitative glucose levels were assessed using linear regression models. A meta-analysis including the present case-control study and four previously published reports in Asians was conducted. RESULTS The rs2237892 polymorphism in KCNQ1 was associated with GDM (OR (95%CI) =1.99(1.26-3.15)). Additionally, the polymorphism was associated with levels of 1h and 2h glucose during OGTT. The pre-pregnancy BMI, age and genotypes of KCNQ1 polymorphism were independent risk factors of GDM. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis in Asians. In total, C-allele carriers of rs2237892 polymorphism had a 50% higher risk for GDM (OR (95%CI) =1.50(1.15-1.78)). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated for the first time that the KCNQ1 rs2237892 polymorphism was associated with GDM and glucose levels in Chinese women. The study provides systematic evidence for the association between this polymorphism and GDM in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Ao
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women’s Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-jun Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women’s Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li-fang Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women’s Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-yun Song
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women’s Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-xia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women’s Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the maternal and child nutrition situation in Asia in transition and its public health implications. RECENT FINDINGS Countries in Asia are facing a double burden of malnutrition. Accessibility to high energy, less nutrient-dense foods or processed foods affects current dietary patterns, whereas industrialization is leading to more sedentary lifestyles both in rural and urban areas. Stunting and wasting among young children persist but have declined in severity, whereas overweight and obesity have risen rapidly. Growth faltering in height during the first 2 years of life has affected muscle mass accretion, but rapid weight gain after 2 years of age has led to more fat accretion, imposing risks of childhood obesity and consequent metabolic disorders. The number of women entering pregnancy with low BMI has decreased, but increasing BMI is noticeable. Prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain are important determinants of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, the risk of gestational diabetes and postpartum weight retention, as well as obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in later adulthood. SUMMARY Asia in transition is faced with persistent undernutrition and increasing trends of obesity and metabolic disorders among children and women. The first 1000 days from conception is a critical period, but it is also a window of opportunity for preventing double burden of malnutrition in Asian countries characterized by a nutrition transition.
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Huang QT, Huang Q, Luo W, Li F, Hang LL, Yu YH, Zhong M. Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:337-44. [PMID: 25703255 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1005594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine playing an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Although the association between RBP4 and metabolic dysfunction is well established, studies on the relationship between circulating RBP4 levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have yielded inconclusive results. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether women with GDM had higher circulating RBP4 levels than the normglycemic pregnant women. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up to 1 August 2014. A total of 14 studies comprised of 884 women with GDM and 1251 normglycemic pregnant women were included. The overall results suggested that maternal circulating RBP4 levels were significantly higher in GDM than their normal controls (SMD: 0.49 μg/ml, 95% CI: 0.23-0.75 μg/ml, p < 0.001, random effect model). However, stratified results indicated that this significant difference only existed in the second/third trimester and was limited to Asian populations. Furthermore, subgroup analysis according to matched maternal age and BMI still demonstrated that GDM had higher circulating RBP4 levels than the normal controls. Our findings suggested that Asian women with GDM had increased circulating RBP4 levels in their second/third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Tao Huang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , P.R. China and
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