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Mishra GA, Pimple SA, Kulkarni VY, Gupta SD, Mujmudar PV. Tobacco Cessation Program among Cab Drivers in Mumbai, India: An Interventional Study. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:347-351. [PMID: 36438536 PMCID: PMC9693954 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_909_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats, killing nearly seven million people annually. With implementation of smoke-free public places legislation, cabs in India are smoke free. However, large majority of cab drivers are addicted to tobacco. AIMS The objectives were to measure cab drivers' knowledge, attitude, and practices about tobacco pre and post intervention, educate them regarding hazards of tobacco and need for smoke-free cabs, perform oral cancer screening, and provide assistance to quit tobacco. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This interventional study among cab drivers was conducted in Mumbai during 2015-2018. Different cab unions in Mumbai were contacted and 400 cab drivers were enrolled and interviewed. They were offered health education, oral cancer screening, and tobacco cessation assistance at regular intervals for 1 year. RESULTS About 63.8% of cab drivers used tobacco, mainly in smokeless forms. Almost 94.1% intended to quit, 66.3% had made previous quit attempts, and 69.8% expressed the need of assistance for quitting. One hundred and twelve cab drivers were diagnosed with oral precancers and one with oral carcinoma. About 49.4% of cab drivers quit tobacco and 46.7% reduced tobacco consumption at the end of 1 year. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, Muslim cab drivers were less likely to quit tobacco as compared to Hindus. CONCLUSION Adherence to smoke-free laws plays a significant role in reducing exposure of cab drivers to secondhand smoke. This program demonstrates the successful implementation of tobacco cessation program that could be replicated among other workforces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Ashish Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharmila A Pimple
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasundhara Y Kulkarni
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhadra D Gupta
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parishi V Mujmudar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Gupte HA, D'Costa M, Ramanadhan S, Viswanath K. Factors Influencing Implementation of a Workplace Tobacco Cessation Intervention in India: A Qualitative Exploration. Workplace Health Saf 2020; 69:56-67. [PMID: 33308086 DOI: 10.1177/2165079920952761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is projected to cause more than 8 million deaths annually worldwide by 2030 and is currently linked to 1 million annual deaths in India. Very few workplaces provide tobacco cessation as a part of occupational health in India. In this study, we examined promoters and barriers to implementing an evidence-based tobacco cessation program in a workplace setting in India. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with all facilitators (two program coordinators and four counselors) of a workplace tobacco cessation intervention covering implementation efforts in five organizations, including three manufacturing units and two corporate settings. FINDINGS The identified promoters for implementation of the program were as follows: (a) workplaces that provided access to many individuals, (b) high prevalence of tobacco use that made the intervention relevant, (c) core components (awareness sessions, face-to-face counseling and 6-months follow-up) that were adaptable, (d) engagement of the management in planning and execution of the intervention, (e) employees' support to each other to quit tobacco, (f) training the medical unit within the workplace to provide limited advice, and (g) efforts to advocate tobacco-free policies within the setting. Barriers centered around (a) lack of ownership from the workplace management, (b) schedules of counselors not matching with employees, (c) nonavailability of employees because of workload, and (d) lack of privacy for counseling. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study provided practical insights into the aspects of planning, engaging, executing and the process of implementation of a tobacco cessation intervention in a workplace setting. It provided guidance for an intervention within occupational health units in similar settings.
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Binnal A, Rajesh G, Ahmed J, Denny C. Determinants of Smokeless Tobacco Consumption and its Cessation among its Current Users in India. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC103-ZC109. [PMID: 27891470 PMCID: PMC5121787 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22704.8690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) consumption is on the rise and constitutes a major Public Health problem. Controlling SLT intake is central to containing the increasing tobacco menace. AIM The present study was undertaken to comprehensively explore various factors involved in SLT consumption and its cessation among current SLT users. MATERIALS AND METHODS Present study was conducted among current SLT users visiting Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. A structured, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was employed for the present study. Knowledge, attitude, behaviour, worksite practices of respondents towards SLT consumption and its cessation, barriers to SLT cessation were explored. Information about socio-demographic variables was also collected. RESULTS Overall, 170 current SLT users participated in the present study. Results revealed that the mean knowledge, attitude, worksite related practices and barrier scores were 9.96(55.33%), 48.89(81.48%), 2.70(33.75%) and 54.25(60.27%) respectively. Correlation analysis revealed significant association of socio-demographic factors with knowledge, attitude and worksite related practices (p<0.05). SLT cessation related practices revealed that majority wished to quit (90%) and significant associations were noted amongst wish to quit with higher attitude scores; actual quit attempts with higher attitude, lower barrier scores and difficulty to quit with higher barrier scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study draws attention towards involvement of complex interactions of various parameters including socio-demographic factors in SLT consumption and its cessation. Hence, it is imperative to implement multifactorial SLT control approach in order to contain tobacco menace spread across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas Binnal
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G Rajesh
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ceena Denny
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Ray CS, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Bansal-Travers M, Quah AC, Fong GT. Social impacts on adult use of tobacco: findings from the International Tobacco Control Project India, Wave 1 Survey. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2016; 5:123-132. [PMID: 28607240 PMCID: PMC5765213 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.206249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social impacts on tobacco use have been reported but not well quantified. This study investigated how strongly the use of smoked and smokeless tobacco may be influenced by other users who are close to the respondents. METHODS The International Tobacco Control Project (TCP), India, used stratified multistage cluster sampling to survey individuals aged ≥15 years in four areas of India about their tobacco use and that of their close associates. The present study used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for tobacco use for each type of close associate. RESULTS Among the 9780 respondents, tobacco use was significantly associated with their close associates' (father's, mother's, friends', spouse's) tobacco use in the same form. After adjusting for confounding variables, women smokers were nine times more likely to have a mother who ever smoked (OR: 9.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3-24.7) and men smokers five times more likely (OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 2.1-14.1) than non-smokers. Men smokers were seven times more likely to have close friends who smoked (OR: 7.2; 95% CI: 5.6-9.3). Users of smokeless tobacco (SLT) were five times more likely to have friends who used SLT (OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 4.4-6.3 [men]; OR: 5.0; 95% CI: 4.3-5.9 [women]) and four times more likely to have a spouse who used SLT (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.0-5.8 [men]; OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 3.6-5.3 [women]), than non-users. The ORs for the association of the individuals' tobacco use, whether smoked or smokeless, increased with the number of close friends using it in the same form. CONCLUSION The influence of family members and friends on tobacco use needs to be appropriately addressed in tobacco-control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily S. Ray
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prakash C. Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Anne C.K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cordeira LS, Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gautam J, Wallace L, Stoddard AM, Gupta PC, Sorensen GC. Experiences recruiting Indian worksites for an integrated health protection and health promotion randomized control trial in Maharashtra, India. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2015; 30:412-421. [PMID: 25796269 PMCID: PMC4434951 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the recruitment strategies utilized in the Mumbai Worksites Tobacco Control Study, a cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of an integrated tobacco control and occupational safety and health program in Indian manufacturing worksites. From June 2012 to June 2013, 20 companies were recruited. Companies were identified using association lists, referrals, internet searches and visits to industrial areas. Four hundred eighty companies were contacted to validate information, introduce the study and seek an in-person meeting with a company representative. Eighty-three company representatives agreed to meet. Of those 83 companies, 55 agreed to a formal 'pitch meeting' with key decision makers at the company. Seventy-seven recruitment 'pitches' were given, including multiple meetings in the same companies. If the company was interested, we obtained a letter of participation and employee roster. Based on this experience, recommendations are made that can help inform future researchers and practitioners wishing to recruit Indian worksites. When compared with recruitment of US manufacturing worksites, recruitment of Indian worksites lacked current industrial lists of companies to serve as a sampling frame, and required more in-person visits, incentives for control companies and more assurances around confidentiality to allow occupational safety and health experts into their worksite.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shulman Cordeira
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - M S Pednekar
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - E M Nagler
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - J Gautam
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - L Wallace
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - A M Stoddard
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - P C Gupta
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - G C Sorensen
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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Majmudar VP, Mishra AG, Kulkarni VS, Dusane RR, Shastri SS. Tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among urban low socioeconomic women in Mumbai, India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2015; 36:32-7. [PMID: 25810572 PMCID: PMC4363848 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.151777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Tobacco use is an important health issue globally. It is responsible for a large number of diseases and deaths in India. Female tobacco users have additional health risks. AIMS The aim was to assess changes in pre and post-intervention tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among women from urban low socioeconomic strata, after three rounds of interventions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A structured questionnaire was used to interview women living in low socioeconomic housing clusters in Mumbai, regarding their tobacco consumption, attitudes, and practices, by Medical Social Workers. These data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20 and analysed. Interventions for tobacco cessation were provided 3 times over a span of 9 months, comprising of health education and counseling. Post-intervention questionnaire was introduced at 12 months. RESULTS There was statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of women, following the interventions, with particular reference to poor oral hygiene and tobacco use being main cause of oral cancer (P = 0.007), knowledge of ill effects of second hand smoke (P = 0.0001), knowledge about possibility of early detection of oral cancer (P = 0.0001), perception of pictorial and written warnings on tobacco products (P = 0.0001), and availability of help for quitting tobacco (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use is very high among urban women from lower socioeconomic strata. Therefore, tobacco awareness programs and tobacco cessation services tailor made for this group of women must be planned and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parishi Majmudar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Gauravi Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Sheetal Kulkarni
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Rohit Dusane
- Department of Statistician, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Surendra Shastri
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Fernandez K, Pandve HT, Debnath DJ. Use of interactive teaching methods in tobacco cessation program and examine it by using objective structured clinical exam. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2013; 2:28. [PMID: 24083278 PMCID: PMC3778640 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9531.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco addiction is an important public health issue. It is important for health professional to counsel the tobacco users for cessation. AIM To enhance communication skills of MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) students in counseling of tobacco users by using interactive teaching methods and examine it by using OSCE. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a before and after comparison study. Communication skills of students were examined by standardized patients (investigators) by objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) method before and after intervention. All the students were trained to enhance the communication skills by role play, interactive session, anecdotes. Statistical analysis was done by using Paired t-test. RESULTS The difference in scores at all the 3 stations before and after the intervention and also global scores before and after the intervention was statistically highly significant (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Communication skills of students in counseling tobacco users improved after they were given role play, interactive session, anecdotes. Similar model can be used to improve the communication/counseling skills in other important health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fernandez
- Department of Community Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal T. Pandve
- Department of Community Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti J. Debnath
- Department of Community Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Uplap P, Mishra G, Majumdar P, Gupta S, Rane P, Sadalge P, Avasare A, Goswami S, Dhar V, Shastri S. Oral Cancer Screening at Workplace in India-One-year Follow-up. Indian J Community Med 2011; 36:133-8. [PMID: 21976799 PMCID: PMC3180939 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.84133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer remains the commonest form of cancer and cancer-related deaths among Indian males due to popularity of avoidable risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. A workplace oral cancer screening and tobacco cessation study was commenced on World No Tobacco Day 2007 at a chemical industry in rural Maharashtra. Aims: The objectives were to screen the employees for oral neoplasia and to correlate it with their tobacco consumption pattern. In addition, the objective was to provide tobacco cessation services at the workplace. Materials and Methods: This is an interventional cohort study among 104 employees of a chemical industrial unit in rural Maharashtra. Naked eye examination of the oral cavity was performed for all employees by a doctor irrespective of the tobacco habits at the beginning and at the end of 1 year. In between, the tobacco users were regularly examined during each follow-up. Statistical analysis used: Through personal interviews of the participants, data were manually recorded and were transferred to electronic data base. Data analysis was conducted in STATA™ 8.2 on intention to treat basis. Results and Conclusions: Among the 104 employees, 50 (48.08%) were current tobacco users at the beginning of the program. Oral precancers were seen exclusively among 20 (40%) tobacco users. After 1 year of workplace tobacco cessation intervention, 80% of oral precancers regressed. This shows that screening of the oral cavity at the workplace is effective when combined with tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pa Uplap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Mishra GA, Majmudar PV, Gupta SD, Rane PS, Uplap PA, Shastri SS. Workplace tobacco cessation program in India: A success story. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2009; 13:146-53. [PMID: 20442834 PMCID: PMC2862448 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.58919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT This paper describes the follow-up interventions and results of the work place tobacco cessation study. AIMS To assess the tobacco quit rates among employees, through self report history, and validate it with rapid urine cotinine test; compare post-intervention KAP regarding tobacco consumption with the pre-intervention responses and assess the tobacco consumption pattern among contract employees and provide assistance to encourage quitting. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This is a cohort study implemented in a chemical industry in rural Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS All employees (104) were interviewed and screened for oral neoplasia. Active intervention in the form of awareness lectures, focus group discussions and if needed, pharmacotherapy was offered. Medical staff from the industrial medical unit and from a local referral hospital was trained. Awareness programs were arranged for the family members and contract employees. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Non-parametric statistical techniques and kappa. RESULTS Forty eight per cent employees consumed tobacco. The tobacco quit rates increased with each follow-up intervention session and reached 40% at the end of one year. There was 96% agreement between self report tobacco history and results of rapid urine cotinine test. The post-intervention KAP showed considerable improvement over the pre-intervention KAP. 56% of contract employees used tobacco and 55% among them had oral pre-cancerous lesions. CONCLUSIONS A positive atmosphere towards tobacco quitting and positive peer pressure assisting each other in tobacco cessation was remarkably noted on the entire industrial campus. A comprehensive model workplace tobacco cessation program has been established, which can be replicated elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi A. Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, 3 Floor, Service Block, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parishi V. Majmudar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, 3 Floor, Service Block, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhadra D. Gupta
- Department of Preventive Oncology, 3 Floor, Service Block, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi S. Rane
- Department of Preventive Oncology, 3 Floor, Service Block, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi A. Uplap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, 3 Floor, Service Block, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surendra S. Shastri
- Department of Preventive Oncology, 3 Floor, Service Block, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India
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