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AHMED KK, KASSAB HJ, AL RAMAHI IJ, ALWAN ZS. Taste Masking of Steroids for Oral Formulations. Turk J Pharm Sci 2024; 20:352-360. [PMID: 38254331 PMCID: PMC10803926 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Oral steroids are commonly prescribed to children. Steroids have a strong bitter taste that limits their oral acceptance in children. The objective of this study was to formulate a pediatric-friendly and palatable oral dosage form of steroids. Materials and Methods Solid dispersions of dexamethasone were prepared using polyethylene glycol, pectin, and Eudragit as carrier polymers, and chocolate as a flavoring agent. Taste masking efficiency was evaluated by healthy volunteers to select the best formula. The selected formula was pressed into chewable tablets with varying amounts of sweeteners. Chewable tablets were evaluated for palatability, hardness, and chewing index. The typical application of the taste masking approach was confirmed using prednisolone. Results Eudragit-based solid dispersions were effective in dexamethasone taste masking. Using 40% mannitol resulted in palatable tablets with acceptable hardness and chewing difficulty. The effectiveness of the taste masking approach was successfully used to prepare prednisolone chewable tablets. However, an increase in the carrier: drug ratio and a change in the flavor to pineapple were necessary to achieve maximum palatability of prednisolone chewable tablets. Conclusion Eudragit solid dispersion is an effective method for the taste masking highly bitter steroids. The solid dispersion was successfully pressed into a palatable, easy-to-chew, and pediatric-friendly chewable tablet dosage form. The carrier: drug ratio and the choice of flavoring agent are crucial factors in improving tablet palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Khalid AHMED
- University of Baghdad, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hanan Jalal KASSAB
- University of Baghdad, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Intesar Jawad AL RAMAHI
- Avi Sina Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Corporation of Research and Industry Development, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zahraa Salim ALWAN
- University of Baghdad, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Baghdad, Iraq
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Guedes MDV, Marques MS, Guedes PC, Contri RV, Kulkamp Guerreiro IC. The use of electronic tongue and sensory panel on taste evaluation of pediatric medicines: a systematic review. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:119-137. [PMID: 33274664 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1860088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The palatability of medications is an essential factor for children's adherence to drug treatment. Several methods for drug taste assessment have been developed. The aim of this review is to explore the literature reports of the main methods for the evaluation of medicines taste, named electronic tongue (e-tongue, in vitro) and human sensory panel. A systematic search was performed up to March 2020 and a total of 88 articles were selected. The e-tongue (57.5%) has been more frequently described than the sensory panel (10.3%), while some articles (32.2%) used both techniques. 74.7% of the articles mentioned 'pediatric', 'paediatric' or 'children' in the text, but only 19.5% developed formulations targeting pediatric audience and sensory testing in children is rarely seen. The e-tongue has predominance of use in the taste evaluation of pediatric medicines probably since it is fast, easy to perform and risk free, besides presenting less imprecise data and no fatigue. The human panel is more realistic, despite its intrinsic variability. In this sense, it is proposed the use of e-tongue as a fast way to select the most promising sample(s) and, after that, the sensory panel should be applied in order to confirm the taste masking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgana Souza Marques
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Pablo Cristini Guedes
- Escola de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Renata Vidor Contri
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Amin F, Khan S, Shah SMH, Rahim H, Hussain Z, Sohail M, Ullah R, Alsaid MS, Shahat AA. A new strategy for taste masking of azithromycin antibiotic: development, characterization, and evaluation of azithromycin titanium nanohybrid for masking of bitter taste using physisorption and panel testing studies. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3855-3866. [PMID: 30510401 PMCID: PMC6231451 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s183534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The obnoxious bitter taste of orally taken antibiotics is one of the biggest problems in the treatment of children. The pediatric population cannot tolerate the bitter taste of drugs and vomit out which ultimately leads to suboptimal therapeutic value, grimace and mental stress so it is the challenging task for the formulation scientists to formulate a palatable formulation particularly to overcome address the issue. Purpose of study The study aimed to mask and evaluate the unpleasant bitter taste of azithro-mycin (AZ) in the dry suspension dosage form by physisorption technique. Materials and methods AZ was selected as an adsorbent and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as adsorbate. The AZ nanohybrids (AZN) were prepared by treating fixed amount of adsorbent with a varied amount of adsorbate, prepared separately by dispersing it in an aqueous medium. The mixture was sonicated, stirred followed by filtration and drying. The AZN produced were characterized by various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), HPLC and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR). The optimized nanohybrid was blended with other excipients to get stable and taste masked dry suspension dosage form. Results The results confirmed the adsorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the surface of AZ. The fabricated optimized formulation was subjected for taste masking by panel testing and accelerated stability studies. The results showed a remarkable improvement in bitter taste masking, inhibiting throat bite without affecting the dissolution rate. The product showed an excellent stability both in dry and reconstituted suspension. The optimized formulation of AZN and was found stable when subjected to physical and chemical stability studies, this is because of short and single step process which interns limits the exposure of the product to various environmental factors that could potentially affect the stability of the product. The dissolution rate of the optimized formulation of AZN was compared with its marketed counterpart, showing the same dissolution rate compared to its marketed formulation. Conclusion The current study concludes that, by fabricating AZ-titanium nanohybrids using physisorption can effectively mask the bitter taste of the drug. The palatability and stability of azithromycin formulation was potentially enhanced without affecting its dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville 4000, Durban South Africa,
| | - Syed Muhammad Hassan Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Government College Ara Khel FR, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Sadia M, Sośnicka A, Arafat B, Isreb A, Ahmed W, Kelarakis A, Alhnan MA. Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:659-668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kharb V, Saharan VA, Dev K, Jadhav H, Purohit S. Formulation, evaluation and 32full factorial design-based optimization of ondansetron hydrochloride incorporated taste masked microspheres. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:839-52. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Noorjahan A, Amrita B, Kavita S. In vivo evaluation of taste masking for developed chewable and orodispersible tablets in humans and rats. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:290-5. [PMID: 23514223 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rats have inherent licking behavior and responses to good and aversive tasting stimuli, which are comparable to humans. Taste masking of chewable and orodispersible tablets of an iron EDTA complex salt was evaluated using rat behavioral avoidance model, brief access test. Taste-masked chewable and orodispersible tablets of iron EDTA complex were prepared using various flavors and sweeteners as taste-masking agents. These formulations were presented to rats and their responses were recorded in terms of licking frequency and other avoidance responses. Formulations were also presented to human volunteers and a correlation between responses of humans and rats was tried to be established. Taste responses of rats were found to be similar to those of humans. A high correlation between the taste responses of rats and humans was observed. Evaluation of taste masking using human panels presents several difficulties such as ethical concerns, fatigue and subjectivity. Thus, rat behavioral avoidance model can be considered as a good alternative to taste assessment by human volunteers for further such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibani Noorjahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T. Women's University , Mumbai, Maharashtra , India and
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Yewale CP, Rathi MN, Kore GG, Jadhav GV, Wagh MP. Formulation and development of taste masked fast-disintegrating tablets (FDTs) of Chlorpheniramine maleate using ion-exchange resins. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:367-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.627870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Picerno P, Sansone F, Mencherini T, Prota L, Aquino RP, Rastrelli L, Lauro MR. Citrus Bergamia Juice: Phytochemical and Technological Studies. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh juice from bergamot ( Citrus bergamia Risso) has been studied to evaluate the polyphenolic composition by HPLC-DAD analysis and total polyphenols content by UV method. The main constituent, Naringin, has been selected as analytical and biological marker of the juice. Juice has been loaded onto maltodextrin matrix by spray-drying. The produced maltodextrin/juice powder (BMP) showed neither significant change in total polyphenols content nor decrease in antioxidant properties with respect to fresh juice. Moreover, BMP displayed high in vitro dissolution rate of the bioactive constituents in water and in simulated biological fluids. BMP appears as promising functional raw material for food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. With this aim, a formulation study to develop tablets (BMT) for oral administration has been also performed. The produced solid oral dosage form preserved high polyphenols content, showed complete disaggregation in few minutes and satisfying dissolution rate of the bioactive constituents in simulated biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Picerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Sansone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia Prota
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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