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Dudhipala NR, Ettireddy SR, Puchakayala GR. Attenuation of lipid levels in triton induced hyperlipidemia rats through rosuvastatin calcium nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 237:105081. [PMID: 33811848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of marketed tablet (Crestor®) powder suspension (MTPS) and nanoparticle formulation of rosuvastatin calcium (RC) on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters in hyperlipidemia rats. The hyperlipidemia is induced by intraperitoneal injection of Triton-X-100 in 0.9 %w/v saline solution. The marketed tablet was dispersed into suspension. The RC loaded nanoparticles (RC-NPs) are prepared by homogenization method. The prepared RC-NP formulation was characterized for size, drug excipient compatibility and crystallization by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), morphology by SEM, stability at room temperature, in-vitro dissolution and in-situ absorption in rats. Further, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in hyperlipidemia rats. The size of the RC-NP formulation was found to be 183.4 ± 4.5 nm and to be nearly spherical by SEM. DSC studies revealed that no interaction and RC converted to amorphous form in RC-NP formulation. RC-NP formulation was physically and chemically stable over two months at room temperature. The drug release was found to be 25.8 ± 2.5 and 89.96 ± 2.8 % in five mins, respectively from MTPS and RC-NP formulations. The Peff of MTPS and NP of RC was 1.8 ± 0.2 × 10-5 and 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10-5 cm/s, respectively. From the PK studies, the enhancement in the oral bioavailability was found to be 2.4-folds when compared to MTPS formulation and statistically significant (p < 0.05). PD study of RC-NP formulation in hyperlipidemic rats exhibited decrease in lipid profile for 24 h, while MTPS exhibited a decrease in lipid profile for 12 h. Therefore, the results conclusively demonstrate the nanoparticles of RC showed significant enhancement in the PK and PD parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Dudhipala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vaagdevi Pharmacy College, Warangal, Telangana, 506 001, India.
| | - S R Ettireddy
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India.
| | - G R Puchakayala
- Department of Pharmacology, Vaagdevi Pharmacy College, Warangal, Telangana, 506 001, India; Synapse Life Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, 506 005, India.
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Abstract
In this study, quantative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method was used to determine the content of rosuvastatin in tablet. Linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision were determined in validation study of rosuvastatin. Furthermore, validation study of rosuvastatin was performed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uncertainties of qNMR and HPLC methods were determined using per EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4 (3th edition), quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement. qNMR and HPLC methods were linear in the ranges of 0.10 - 5.00 mg/mL and 0.001 - 0.0995 mg/mL, respectively and these lineraties indicate very good linearity performance with regression coefficients (R2 value) above > 0.99. Moreover, LOD and LOQ values using qNMR method were observed as 0.25 mg/mL and 0.80 mg/mL, respectively. These values using HPLC method were found as 0.00051 µg/mL and 0.001695 µg/mL, respectively. The strengths and weaknesses of qNMR method and HPLC method were determined with spectral emphasis on the role of identical reference standards in qualitive and quantitative analyses. It was found that qNMR method is simple, efficient, reliable, and accurate method. Moreover, qNMR method is an easy, practical, and useful method for the validation and optimization of rosuvastatin in the tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Dİkmen
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Central Research Laboratory Research and Application Center (ARUM), Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Okan Uslu
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Central Research Laboratory Research and Application Center (ARUM), Eskisehir Turkey
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Liu Q, Xu J, Liao K, Tang N. Oral Bioavailability Improvement of Tailored Rosuvastatin Loaded Niosomal Nanocarriers to Manage Ischemic Heart Disease: Optimization, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:58. [PMID: 33502651 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosuvastatin is an efficient antihyperlipidemic agent; however, being a BCS class II molecule, it shows poor oral bioavailability of < 20%. The present study focused on the improvement of oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin using tailored niosomes. The niosomes were prepared by film hydration method and sonication using cholesterol and Span 40. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the size (98 nm) and the entrapment efficacy (77%) of the niosomes by selecting cholesterol at 122 mg, Span 40 at 0.52%, and hydration time at 29.88 min. The transmission electron microscopy image showed spherical shape niosomes with smooth surface without aggregation. The ex vivo intestinal permeability studies showed significant improvement in the rosuvastatin permeation (95.5% after 2 h) using niosomes in comparison to the rosuvastatin suspension (40.1% after 2 h). The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in the rat model confirmed the improvement in the oral bioavailability with optimized rosuvastatin loaded niosomes (relative bioavailability = 2.01) in comparison to the rosuvastatin suspension, due to high surface area of niosomes and its lymphatic uptake via transcellular route. In conclusion, the optimized rosuvastatin loaded niosomes offers a promising approach to improve the oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin.
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El-Zahry MR, Ali MFB. Enhancement effect of reduced graphene oxide and silver nanocomposite supported on poly brilliant blue platform for ultra-trace voltammetric analysis of rosuvastatin in tablets and human plasma. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7136-7146. [PMID: 35519976 PMCID: PMC9061127 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with silver nanocomposite supported on poly brilliant blue (PBB) platform was investigated for ultra-trace analysis of rosuvastatin (RS). Herein, in situ electrochemical deposition of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and rGO hybrid was performed on the surface of the polymerized brilliant blue (PBB) platform. The developed (AgNPs–rGO/PBB) electrode showed an enhanced catalytic activity toward the oxidation of RS. The modified electrodes AgNPs–rGO/PBB and AgNPs/PBB required an overpotential of 0.68 and 1.06 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and their corresponding Tafel slopes were calculated to be 70 and 105 mV dec−1, respectively. Further, rGO and silver nanocomposites properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, the formation of GO and AgNPs–rGO was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Under the optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed a remarkable response for quantitation of RS over a wide range of concentrations 5 × 10−9 to 5 × 10−7 mol L−1 (r = 0.9988), with a limit of detection 2.17 × 10−9 mol L−1. The electrochemical performance of the studied electrode showed high reproducibility and suitability for tablets and human plasma. In situ electrodeposition of AgNPs–rGO was carried out on PBB using CV, SWV methods were used for characterization, and the Tafel slope and overpotential were calculated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa R. El-Zahry
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
- Assiut
- Egypt
| | - Marwa F. B. Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
- Assiut
- Egypt
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Aldalaen S, El-Gogary RI, Nasr M. Fabrication of rosuvastatin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules: a promising modality for treating hepatic cancer delineated by apoptotic and cell cycle arrest assessment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:55-62. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1515221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saed Aldalaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mu'tah, Jordan
| | - Riham I. El-Gogary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mu'tah, Jordan
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Ângelo ML, Moreira FDL, Morais Ruela AL, Santos ALA, Salgado HRN, de Araújo MB. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Rosuvastatin in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29533074 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1439364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin calcium (ROS), ( Figure 1 ) belongs to the "statins" group, which is the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. This drug is indicated for dyslipidemias treatment and can help to decrease the level of "bad cholesterol" and can consequently reduce the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of heart diseases. ROS was developed by Astra-Zeneca and it was approved in 2003 by the FDA in the United States. In 2015, under the trade name Crestor®, it was the fourth largest selling drug in the United States with sales above $5 billion. This study presents a literature review of analytical methods for the quantification of ROS in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The major analytical methods described in this study for ROS were spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultraviolet (UV) detection, and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Lopes Ângelo
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas , Alfenas , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Lima Moreira
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - André Luís Morais Ruela
- c Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia , Vitória da Conquista , Bahia , Brazil
| | | | | | - Magali Benjamim de Araújo
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas , Alfenas , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Machairas G, Panderi I, Geballa-Koukoula A, Rozou S, Antonopoulos N, Charitos C, Vonaparti A. Development and validation of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of impurities in fixed-dose combination tablets containing rosuvastatin and metformin. Talanta 2018; 183:131-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Haq N, Shakeel F, Alanazi F, Alshora DH, Ibrahim MA. Development and validation of a green RP-HPLC method for the analysis of rosuvastatin: a step towards making liquid chromatography environmentally benign. Green Processing and Synthesis 2018; 7:160-169. [DOI: 10.1515/gps-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to formulate and validate a new green high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC)-UV method for quick quantification of rosuvastatin calcium (ROC) in standard drugs. The results showed a combination of ethanol:methanol:ethyl acetate (6:3:1 v/v) at a rate of 1.0 ml/min to be the best for identifying ROC and its separation from its breakdown products. The identification of ROC was achieved using a NUCLEODUR 150 mm×4.6 mm RP C8 column packed using 5 μm filler as the stationary phase and detection was performed at 254 nm. The technique developed was checked for linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, robustness and sensitivity as well as specificity. The usefulness of the proposed process was confirmed by analyzing ROC in a prepared self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) and over-the-counter products. The amount of ROC in SNEDDS was found to be 98.38%. The HPLC-UV system we developed effectively determined the ROC peak along with its breakdown products which confirmed the stability-indicating property of the projected system. The system could also be used to compare the solubility of rosuvastatin nanoparticles in standard drugs. These outcomes indicated that the developed HPLC could be effectively used for the regular investigation of ROC in standard drugs, various pharmaceutical formulations and drug release samples.
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Kishore CR, Mohan GK. Structural identification and estimation of Rosuvastatin calcium related impurities in Rosuvastatin calcium tablet dosage form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dudhipala N, Veerabrahma K. Improved anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Rosuvastatin Calcium via lipid nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 110:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abo Enin HA, Abdel-Bar HM. Solid super saturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (sat-SNEDDS) as a promising alternative to conventional SNEDDS for improvement rosuvastatin calcium oral bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1513-1521. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1224845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadel A. Abo Enin
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
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Beg S, Raza K, Kumar R, Chadha R, Katare OP, Singh B. Improved intestinal lymphatic drug targeting via phospholipid complex-loaded nanolipospheres of rosuvastatin calcium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the systematic development and characterization of nanolipospheres (NLPs) loaded with phospholipid complex of rosuvastatin for enhanced oral drug absorption trough lymphatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Beg
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC-Centre of Advance Studies
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India 160 014
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India 305 817
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials
- Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences)
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India 160 014
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC-Centre of Advance Studies
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India 160 014
| | - O. P. Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC-Centre of Advance Studies
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India 160 014
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC-Centre of Advance Studies
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India 160 014
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Abo Enin HA. Self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system for improved oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin using natural oil antihyperlipdemic. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1047-56. [PMID: 25404208 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.983113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim is improving the antihyperlipidemic activity of Rosuvastatin Calcium (Rs) through improving its solubility using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing natural oil full of unsaturated fatty acid and omega 3. METHODS A 7 × 3(2) full factorial design was adopted for optimization of oil ratio, Surfactant: Co-surfactant (S:CoS) ratio and oil:S/CoS ratio. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed for optimizing the system with drug loading (10 and 20%). The optimized SNEDD systems were evaluated according to their physical evaluation and drug release. Furthermore, the anti-hyperlipidemia efficacy was compared with commercially marketed product on rates followed by clinical study. RESULTS The system containing Tween 80:PEG 400 (3:1) and olive oil:garlic oil (1:1) as an oily phase has droplet size less than 100 nm, ZP (+23.43 ± 2.58 mV), PDI (<0.02) and cloud point (>90 °C). In vitro drug release studies showed remarkable enhancement of the Rs release from Rs-SNEDDS. The antihyperlipidemic effect of Rs-SNEDDS is greater than that of the commercial tablets and the pure drug on rates and in hyperlipidemic patients. CONCLUSION Rs-SNEDDS is a promising drug delivery system for improving the drug solubility and antihyperlipidemic effect using natural oils as (olive oil and garlic oil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadel A Abo Enin
- Pharmaceutics Department, Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia and
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Ashfaq M, Akhtar T, Mustafa G, Danish M, Razzaq SN, Nazar MF. Simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and amlodipine in pharmaceutical formulations using stability indicating HPLC method. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable cost-effective and isocratic approach employing C-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) based HPLC has been utilized to separate and estimate the drugs, rosuvastatin, amlodipine and their stress induced degradation products, simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations. Focused on ICH guideline parameters, the efficient separation of both drugs and their degradation products was achieved by optimizing a 30:70 (v/v) solvent mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5) as mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.5 mL/min and all the detections were carried out at 240 nm using UV detector. The method was linear in the concentration range of 1-200 µg/mL for rosuvastatin with 0.996 coefficient of determination value. For amlodipine, linearity was in the range of 0.5-100 µg/ml with 0.994 coefficient of determination value. Both the drugs along with their degradation products were separated in less than twenty minutes. The results of within-day and between-day precision were varied from 0.72 to 1.81% for rosuvastatin and 0.83 to 1.88% for amlodipine. The results show that this ICH validated method can be employed successfully for the routine as well as stability quantification of both the active ingredients simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations.
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El-Kommos ME, Mohamed NA, Ali HRH, Abdel Hakiem AF. Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic determination of rosuvastatin in rabbit plasma and evaluation of its pharmacokinetics and interaction with niacin. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1828-38. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. El-Kommos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Niveen A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Hassan R. H. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Abdel Hakiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut 71526 Egypt
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Balakumar K, Raghavan CV, selvan NT, prasad RH, Abdu S. Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Rosuvastatin calcium: Design, formulation, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arayne MS, Sultana N, Tabassum A. RP-LC simultaneous quantitation of co-administered drugs for (non-insulin dependent) diabetic mellitus induced dyslipidemia in active pharmaceutical ingredient, pharmaceutical formulations and human serum with UV-detector. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 425:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hauptstein S, Müller C, Dünnhaupt S, Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Preactivated thiomers: evaluation of gastroretentive minitablets. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:473-9. [PMID: 23999225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The object of this study was to evaluate the potential of a recently developed preactivated thiolated pectin derivative as mucoadhesive excipient in drug delivery to the gastric cavity. Pectin (Pec) was chemically modified with L-cysteine (Cys). The free thiol groups of resulting thiomer were activated with 2-mercaptonicotinic acid (MNA) in order to improve stability and reactivity of attached thiol groups over a broad pH range. Multiunit dosage form properties of the resulting conjugate (Pec-Cys-MNA) were compared to unmodified pectin and the intermediate thiolated using rosuvastatin calcium as a model drug in loaded minitablets. Obtained results were compared with unmodified pectin and the intermediate thiolated pectin. Approximately half of attached thiol groups (507 μmol/g polymer) have been preactivated. Minitablets were evaluated regarding mucoadhesive properties, hardness, disintegration behavior, swelling characteristics and release of rosuvastatin calcium. Mediated by covalent bonds between the polymer and cysteine-rich subdomains in mucus, total work of adhesion increased more than 5-fold. The modification had no impact on hardness of compressed tablets but implementation of the aromatic ligand went along with reduction in hydrophilic properties. Disintegration time was prolonged more than 2-fold while water uptake capacity increased. Weight gain for Pec-Cys-MNA was at least 16-fold. Further, a sustained release of rosuvastatin calcium over 36 h was determined. Neither biodegradability nor CaCo-2 cell viability was affected. The study shows that Pec-Cys-MNA is a promising excipient for the development of mucoadhesive gastric dosage form.
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Alzoman NZ, Sultan MA, Maher HM, Alshehri MM, Wani TA, Darwish IA. Analytical study for the charge-transfer complexes of rosuvastatin calcium with π-acceptors. Molecules 2013; 18:7711-25. [PMID: 23823872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies were carried out to investigate the charge-transfer (CT) reaction of ROS-Ca, as a n-electron donor with various π-acceptors: tetracyanoethylene, p-chloranilic acid, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane, and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone. Different colored CT complexes were obtained. The reaction mechanism and site of interaction were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric techniques and computational molecular modeling. The formation of the colored complexes was utilized in the development of simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ROS-Ca. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9984–0.9995) were found between the absorbances and the concentrations of ROS-Ca in the range of 2–200 μg mL−1. The limits of detection ranged from 0.41 to 12.24 μg mL−1. No interference could be observed from the additives commonly present in the tablets or from the drugs that are co-formulated with ROS-Ca in its combined formulations. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of tablets with good accuracy and precision; the recovery percentages ranged from 99.54–100.46 ± 1.58–1.82%. The results were compared favorably with the reported method. The proposed methods are practical and valuable for routine application in quality control laboratories for determination of ROS-Ca in its bulk form and tablets.
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