Primary borderline mucinous neoplasm of the testis: A case report and literature review

Primary borderline mucinous tumor of the testis with postoperative metastasis: A rare case report

Primary borderline mucinous tumor of the testis is extremely rare and belongs to the ovarian epithelial type. Testicular borderline mucinous tumor is intermediate in malignancy between benign mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous carcinoma, and their clinical treatment is mainly based on radical testicular resection. The reported cases with PBMTs have a good prognosis with no cases of recurrence or metastasis after surgery reported. However, we herein report a 21-year-old male who may be the first reported case of PBMT of the testis with postoperative tumor metastasis.

Primary Borderline Mucinous Testicular Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review

Primary mucinous tumors of the testis and paratestis are very rare, with only 29 reported cases detected in a PubMed search. The histopathological characteristics of primary testicular mucinous tumors are similar to their ovarian counterparts, and the diagnosis and naming criteria refer to the criteria for female ovarian mucinous tumors. However, the clinical and imaging features of primary testicular mucinous tumors are poorly understood, and they are thus frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. We present the case of a patient with a primary testicular mucinous tumor. A 52-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of painless enlargement of the left scrotum. Ultrasound examination revealed a cystic mass in the left testis, with viscous fluid areas and calcified spots, irregular solid bulges on the cyst wall, and a small blood supply. Serum alpha-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase, renal function, inflammatory markers, and routine urine and blood examinations were all normal. The patient underwent radical resection of the left testis. Postoperative pathology showed a multilocular cystic mass, with the inner wall of the sac lined with mucous columnar epithelial cells, some with mild nuclear atypia, and no interstitial infiltration. The pathological diagnosis was testicular mucinous tumor. Postoperative abdominal and pelvic computed tomography, colonoscopy, and gastroscopy showed no suspicious lesions. The final diagnosis was primary testicular borderline mucinous tumor. The patient underwent postoperative follow-up examinations once a year for 4 years. Serum tumor markers, scrotal ultrasound, abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans, and colonoscopy and gastroscopy revealed no evidence of metastases or other primary adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the clinical and imaging characteristics of primary testicular mucinous tumors, which might aid their differential diagnosis.

KRAS Mutation in Serous Borderline Tumor of the Testis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Ovarian-like epithelial tumors of the testis, including serous borderline tumors, are rare entities. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a left intratesticular mass who had a radical orchidectomy. Histologically, the tumor was identical to the ovarian counterpart showing a well-delineated cystic lesion characterized by intraluminal papillae. The papillae are lined by atypical cuboidal or ciliated cells and are associated with psammoma bodies. The tumor cells express cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 5-6 (CK5-6), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), Wilm's tumor gene (WT1), paired box gene 8 (PAX8), Ber-EP4, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The diagnosis of a serous borderline tumor of the testis was proposed. Mutation testing using next-generation sequencing showed a Q61K KRAS gene mutation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report of a serous borderline tumor of the testis with a Q61K KRAS gene mutation.

Borderline Mucinous Testicular Tumour: Diagnostic and Management difficulties

A 45-year-old man presented with right-sided testicular swelling and pain. An examination found a tender, firm right testis, a clinically normal left testis and no palpable lymphadenopathy. Tumour and inflammatory markers were within normal limits. A scrotal ultrasound scan showed an intratesticular, avascular lesion measuring 4.4×2.6×1.8 cm. A CT scan of his chest/abdomen/pelvis (CT C/A/P) showed no metastatic or primary lesions. An elective right-inguinal orchidectomy was subsequently performed. Histopathology showed a cystic mucinous tumour lined with intestinal-type epithelium. Differentials of metastatic adenocarcinoma, possibly of a gastrointestinal origin, a monodermal teratoma, or a borderline mucinous tumour of the testicle (BMTT) were considered. Following 12 p genetic studies and a colonoscopy, both of which found no abnormalities, a presumptive diagnosis of a BMTT was made. The patient is to have an annual urological review with a CT C/A/P and 5 yearly colonoscopies.

Enterogenous cyst of pediatric testis: a case report

Background

An enterogenous cyst is a rare entity categorized as an intestinal cyst. In most cases, enterogenous cysts are seen in the mediastinum, peritoneal cavity, spinal canal, subarachnoid space, and cerebral ventricle.

Case presentation

A 14-year-old Asian (Japanese) boy reported feeling pain in his left groin, and a mass was found. We did not perform orchiectomy because intraoperative frozen sections showed no malignant findings. On histological examination the resected specimens contained columnar epithelium surrounded by smooth muscle. Based on these findings, an enterogenous cyst was diagnosed. Few cases of enterogenous cysts of the testis have been described.

Conclusion

We encountered a case of an enterogenous cyst of a pediatric testis.

Primary testicular mucinous cystadenoma: Case report and literature review

Testicular mucinous cystadenomas are rare in urological practice, and their histogenesis, course and management are debated. We report a primary testicular mucinous cystadenoma in a 54-year old male who presented with left testicular swelling and pain. He denied having a history of cryptorchidism, testicular trauma, infections, urinary complaints, or febrile illnesses. He did not have diabetes, but was on treatment for hypertension. The patient underwent a left inguinal radical orchiectomy, and histological examination of the resected tumour confirmed a primary testicular mucinous cystadenoma. The patient had an uneventful recovery, and is being followed up. Conclusively, urologists need to maintain a high index of suspicion of these tumours and their differentiation from metastatic tumours to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Primary borderline mucinous tumors of the testis: a case report and literature review

Ovarian-type epithelial tumors of the testes and paratestes are very rare. Mucinous subtypes of such tumors are extremely rare; only 25 cases have been reported to date. Ovarian-type epithelial tumors are histologically classified into cystadenomas, borderline tumors, and carcinomas. We herein report a case involving a 60-year-old man with a primary borderline mucinous tumor of the testis. He underwent orchiectomy and has developed no recurrence for 4 years. This is the 26th report of a mucinous tumor of the testis in the literature. We also herein review the literature and discuss the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of mucinous tumors of the testes.