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Detection of antibodies against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in serum and saliva through ELISA in periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:438-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Joshi VM, Bhat KG, Kugaji MS, Ingalgi PS. Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Indian chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy adults. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:141-4. [PMID: 27143824 PMCID: PMC4847458 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), an important primary periodontal pathogen, is known for its strong virulence characteristics that cause periodontal disease. We investigated Aa occurrence in Indian individuals using culture and 16 s rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 100 participants each in the healthy and chronic periodontitis (CP) groups was conducted. The subgingival plaque was collected and immediately plated on selective media for Aa. The remaining plaque samples were used for DNA extraction. PCR was performed using specific primers for Aa. Statistical Analysis Used: The detection of bacteria and the clinical parameters between the groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test. For assessing the agreement between the results of anaerobic culture and PCR, Kappa analyses were performed. Results: Aa levels using culture and PCR was 51% and 69% in the CP group and 12% and 30% in the healthy group, respectively. The two groups showed significant differences (P < 0.00001). The detection accuracy of culture and PCR was assessed, and the coefficient of accuracy (k) was highly significant in the healthy (0.3103; P < 0.0001) and CP groups (0.1536; P < 0.0497). Conclusions: Aa was predominantly found in the CP group compared with the healthy group, which is consistent with previous findings. Our results showed that both techniques can be used for detecting Aa. An ideal technique for detecting subgingival microorganisms should be carefully selected depending on the scope of the intended future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Mahableshwar Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Gajanan Bhat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar Suresh Kugaji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Shivaji Ingalgi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Detection of fusobacterium nucleatum and fadA adhesin gene in patients with orthodontic gingivitis and non-orthodontic periodontal inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85280. [PMID: 24416378 PMCID: PMC3887018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the most abundant gram-negative bacilli colonizing the subgingival plaque and closely associated with periodontal disease. However it is unclear whether F. nucleatum is involved in gingival inflammation under orthodontic appliance. A novel adhesin, FadA, which is unique to oral Fusobacteria, is required for F. nucleatum binding and invasion to epithelial cells and thus may play an important role in colonization of Fusobacterium in the host. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of F. nucleatum and its virulence factor FadA adhesion gene (fadA) in 169 subgingival biofilm samples from 55 cases of gingivitis patients with orthodontic appliances, 49 cases of gingivitis patients without orthodontic treatment, 35 cases of periodontitis patients and 30 cases of periodontally healthy people via PCR. The correlations between the F. nucleatum/fadA and gingivitis index(GI)was also analyzed. The detection rate of F. nucleatum/fadA in periodontitis group and non-orthodontic gingivitis group was higher than the other two groups (p<0.01) while it was higher in orthodontic gingivitis group than in health people (p<0.05). An obviously positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of F. nucleatum/fadA and GI. F. nucleatum carrying fadA may be more closely related to the development of gingivitis and periodontal disease compared with orthodontic gingivitis.
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Twin J, Bradshaw CS, Garland SM, Fairley CK, Fethers K, Tabrizi SN. The potential of metatranscriptomics for identifying screening targets for bacterial vaginosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76892. [PMID: 24086764 PMCID: PMC3785445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ribosomal RNA content of a sample collected from a woman with bacterial vaginosis (BV) was analysed to determine the active microbial community, and to identify potential targets for further screening. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The sample from the BV patient underwent total RNA extraction, followed by physical subtraction of human rRNA and whole transcriptome amplification. The metatranscriptome was sequenced using Roche 454 titanium chemistry. The bioinformatics pipeline MG-RAST and desktop DNA analysis platforms were utilised to analyse results. Bacteria of the genus Prevotella (predominately P. amnii) constituted 36% of the 16S rRNA reads, followed by Megasphaera (19%), Leptotrichia/Sneathia (8%) and Fusobacterium (8%). Comparison of the abundances of several bacteria to quantitative PCR (qPCR) screening of extracted DNA revealed comparable relative abundances. This suggests a correlation between what was present and transcriptionally active in this sample: however distinct differences were seen when compared to the microbiome determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. To assess the presence of P. amnii in a larger pool of samples, 90 sexually active women were screened using qPCR. This bacterium was found to be strongly associated with BV (P<0.001, OR 23.3 (95%CI:2.9-190.7)) among the 90 women. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study highlighted the potential of metatranscriptomics as a tool for characterising metabolically active microbiota and identifying targets for further screening. Prevotella amnii was chosen as an example target, being the most metabolically active species present in the single patient with BV, and was found to be detected at a high concentration by qPCR in 31% of cohort with BV, with an association with both oral and penile-vaginal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Twin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Catriona S. Bradshaw
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine Fethers
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sepehr N. Tabrizi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Cogoni V, Morgan-Smith A, Fenno JC, Jenkinson HF, Dymock D. Treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like proteinase (CTLP) integrates spirochaetes within oral microbial communities. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:759-770. [PMID: 22313692 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treponema denticola is found ubiquitously in the human oral cavity and is mainly associated with bacterial communities implicated in the establishment and development of periodontal disease. The ability to become integrated within biofilm communities is crucial to the growth and survival of oral bacteria, and involves inter-bacterial coaggregation, metabolic cooperation, and synergy against host defences. In this article we show that the chymotrypsin-like proteinase (CTLP), found within a high-molecular-mass complex on the cell surface, mediates adherence of T. denticola to other potential periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Parvimonas micra. Proteolytic activity per se did not appear to be required for the interactions, and expression of the major outer-sheath protein (Msp) was not necessary, except for binding Parv. micra. Biofilms of densely packed cells and matrix, up to 40 µm in depth, were formed between T. denticola and P. gingivalis on salivary pellicle, with T. denticola cells enriched in the upper layers. Expression of CTLP, but not Msp, was critical for dual-species biofilm formation with P. gingivalis. T. denticola did not form dual-species biofilms with any of the other three periodontal bacterial species under various conditions. Synergy between T. denticola and P. gingivalis was also shown by increased inhibition of blood clotting, which was CTLP-dependent. The results demonstrate the critical role of CTLP in interactions of T. denticola with other oral micro-organisms, leading to synergy in microbial community development and host tissue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cogoni
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Alex Morgan-Smith
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard F Jenkinson
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - David Dymock
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
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Akamatsu Y, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto K, Oseko F, Kanamura N, Imanishi J, Kita M. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces myocarditis and/or myocardial infarction in mice and IL-17A is involved in pathogenesis of these diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1290-8. [PMID: 21683342 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases has been suggested, the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in cardiovascular diseases is not clear. In this study, we examined whether experimental bacteremia of P. gingivalis causes cardiovascular diseases and investigated the mechanism of pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases induced by P. gingivalis. DESIGN C57BL/6 mice were intravenously inoculated with 2.0 × 10(8)CFU of P. gingivalis A7436 strain. Mice were sacrificed at specified days and their hearts were collected. The collected organs were divided into two halves and used for histological evaluation and cytokine analysis. IL-17A(-/-), IFN-γ(-/-) and TNF-α(-/-) mice were also intravenously inoculated and the histological changes of hearts in mice were examined. RESULTS Myocarditis and/or myocardial infarction were observed in mice injected with P. gingivalis. The levels of IL1-β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-18, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA increased significantly after P. gingivalis injection. In particular, high levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ mRNA expression were observed in hearts of mice after P. gingivalis injection in comparison with these levels before injection. Furthermore, the production of IL-17A was detected in hearts of wild-type mice after P. gingivalis injection. In wild-type, TNF-α(-/-) and IFN-γ(-/-) mice, moderate infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes was observed in hearts at 5 days after injection. In contrast, no inflammatory findings were observed in hearts of IL-17A(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that an experimental bacteremia of P. gingivalis could induce myocarditis and/or myocardial infarction in mice, and IL-17A plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Akamatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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Quantification of five putative periodontal pathogens in female patients with and without chronic periodontitis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Anaerobe 2010; 16:234-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Prevalence and distribution of serotype-specific genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in chronic periodontitis Brazilian subjects. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mane AK, Karmarkar AP, Bharadwaj RS. Anaerobic Bacteria in Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis and In Periodontal Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5005/johcd-3-3-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to look at the frequency of strict anaerobic bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects without periodontal destruction. Hundred patients with chronic periodontitis and hundred healthy subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal disease were included in the study. Sterile paper points were used for sample collection from the deepest pocket site in case of periodontitis patients. The samples were cultured under anaerobic conditions and characterized to species level by conventional biochemical tests. Anaerobes were isolated in 83% of periodontitis cases and 62% of healthy subjects. Porphyromonas gingivalis (48%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (24%), Peptostreptococcus micros (23%) and Prevotella spp. (26%) were the commonest anaerobes isolated in periodontitis patients, while Peptostreptococcus micros (36%), Prevotella spp. (8%), Veillonella (10%) and Actinomyces viscosus (12%) were frequently detected in the control group. Data shows the diversity of anaerobic bacteria in chronic periodontitis.
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