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Ortega-Sánchez C, Melgarejo-Ramírez Y, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Jiménez-Ávalos JA, Giraldo-Gomez DM, Gutiérrez-Gómez C, Rodriguez-Campos J, Luna-Bárcenas G, Velasquillo C, Martínez-López V, García-Carvajal ZY. Hydrogel Based on Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) for In Vitro Human Auricular Chondrocyte Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:479. [PMID: 38399857 PMCID: PMC10892533 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels provide tissue-like complexities and allow for the spatial orientation of cells, leading to more realistic cellular responses in pathophysiological environments. There is a growing interest in developing multifunctional hydrogels using ternary mixtures for biomedical applications. This study examined the biocompatibility and suitability of human auricular chondrocytes from microtia cultured onto steam-sterilized 3D Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (CS/Gel/PVA) hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels were prepared in a polymer ratio (1:1:1) through freezing/thawing and freeze-drying and were sterilized by autoclaving. The macrostructure of the resulting hydrogels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a heterogeneous macroporous structure with a pore size between 50 and 500 μm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the three polymers interacted through hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl moieties. The profile of amino acids present in the gelatin and the hydrogel was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), suggesting that the majority of amino acids interacted during the formation of the hydrogel. The cytocompatibility, viability, cell growth and formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were evaluated to demonstrate the suitability and functionality of the 3D hydrogels for the culture of auricular chondrocytes. The cytocompatibility of the 3D hydrogels was confirmed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reaching 100% viability after 72 h. Chondrocyte viability showed a high affinity of chondrocytes for the hydrogel after 14 days, using the Live/Dead assay. The chondrocyte attachment onto the 3D hydrogels and the formation of an ECM were observed using SEM. Immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of elastin, aggrecan and type II collagen, three of the main components found in an elastic cartilage extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate the suitability and functionality of a CS/Gel/PVA hydrogel as a 3D support for the auricular chondrocytes culture, suggesting that these hydrogels are a potential biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering applications, aimed at the regeneration of elastic cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Ortega-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (C.O.-S.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Yaaziel Melgarejo-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (C.O.-S.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (R.R.-R.); (J.A.J.-Á.)
| | - Jorge Armando Jiménez-Ávalos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (R.R.-R.); (J.A.J.-Á.)
| | - David M. Giraldo-Gomez
- Unidad de Microscopia, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Interior, Edificio “A” Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez-Gómez
- División de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Jacobo Rodriguez-Campos
- Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Tecnológico de Monterrey, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo, Santiago de Querétaro 76130, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Cristina Velasquillo
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Valentín Martínez-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Zaira Y. García-Carvajal
- Unidad de Microscopia, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Interior, Edificio “A” Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Development of Meat Substitutes from Filamentous Fungi Cultivated on Residual Water of Tempeh Factories. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030997. [PMID: 36770664 PMCID: PMC9922012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased motivation to reduce meat consumption globally due to environmental and health concerns, which has driven the development of meat substitutes. Filamentous fungal biomass, commonly known as mycoprotein, is a potential meat substitute since it is nutritious and has filaments to mimic meat fibrils. The current study aimed to investigate the potential use of a cheap substrate derived from the food industry, i.e., residual water in a tempeh factory, for mycoprotein production. The type of residual water, nutrient supplementation, optimum conditions for biomass production, and characteristics of the mycoprotein were determined. The results showed that the residual water from the first boiling with yeast extract addition gave the highest mycoprotein content. The optimum growth condition was a pH of 4.5 and agitation of 125 rpm, and it resulted in 7.76 g/L biomass. The mycoprotein contains 19.44% (w/w) protein with a high crude fiber content of 8.51% (w/w) and a low fat content of 1.56% (w/w). In addition, the amino acid and fatty acid contents are dominated by glutamic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are associated with an umami taste and are considered healthier foods. The current work reveals that the residual boiling water from the tempeh factory can be used to produce high-quality mycoprotein.
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El Mihyaoui A, Esteves da Silva JCG, Charfi S, Candela Castillo ME, Lamarti A, Arnao MB. Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:479. [PMID: 35454969 PMCID: PMC9032859 DOI: 10.3390/life12040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricaria chamomilla L. is a famous medicinal plant distributed worldwide. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat all kinds of diseases, including infections, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and liver disorders. It is also used as a sedative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, and antiemetic. In this review, reports on M. chamomilla taxonomy, botanical and ecology description, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological and pharmacological properties, possible application in different industries, and encapsulation were critically gathered and summarized. Scientific search engines such as Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to gather data on M. chamomilla. The phytochemistry composition of essential oils and extracts of M. chamomilla has been widely analyzed, showing that the plant contains over 120 constituents. Essential oils are generally composed of terpenoids, such as α-bisabolol and its oxides A and B, bisabolone oxide A, chamazulene, and β-farnesene, among other compounds. On the other hand, M. chamomilla extracts were dominated by phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins. In addition, M. chamomilla demonstrated several biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. These activities allow the application of M. chamomilla in the medicinal and veterinary field, food preservation, phytosanitary control, and as a surfactant and anti-corrosive agent. Finally, the encapsulation of M. chamomilla essential oils or extracts allows the enhancement of its biological activities and improvement of its applications. According to the findings, the pharmacological activities of M. chamomilla confirm its traditional uses. Indeed, M. chamomilla essential oils and extracts showed interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, anti-pyretic, anti-allergic, and analgesic activities. Moreover, the most important application of M. chamomilla was in the medicinal field on animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina El Mihyaoui
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.E.M.); (M.E.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco;
- CIQ(UP)—Research Center in Chemistry, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
- CIQ(UP)—Research Center in Chemistry, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Saoulajan Charfi
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco;
| | - María Emilia Candela Castillo
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.E.M.); (M.E.C.C.)
| | - Ahmed Lamarti
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco;
| | - Marino B. Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.E.M.); (M.E.C.C.)
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Jeong JY, Cha YK, Ahn SR, Shin J, Choi Y, Park TH, Hong S. Ultrasensitive Bioelectronic Tongue Based on the Venus Flytrap Domain of a Human Sweet Taste Receptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2478-2487. [PMID: 34989242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sweet taste is an important factor that regulates calorie intake and contributes to food preferences in humans and animals. Therefore, the evaluation of sweet substances is essential for various fields such as healthcare, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Sweet tastants are detected by sweet taste receptors which are class C G-protein-coupled receptors. T1R2 venus flytrap (VFT) of the sweet taste receptor is known as a primary ligand-binding domain for sweet tastants. In this study, we developed an ultrasensitive artificial sweet taste bioelectronic tongue based on the T1R2 VFT of a human sweet taste receptor. Here, the T1R2 VFT of a human sweet taste receptor was successfully overexpressed in a bacterial expression system. A T1R2 VFT-immobilized carbon nanotube field-effect transistor with floating electrodes was exploited as an artificial sweet taste sensory system. Significantly, our T1R2 VFT-functionalized bioelectronic tongue could be used to detect solutions of sweet tastants down to 0.1 fM and selectively discriminate sweet substances from other taste substances. Furthermore, our device could be used to monitor the response of the T1R2 VFT domain of a sweet taste receptor to sweet substances in real food environments such as apple juice and chamomile herb tea. Moreover, our device was used to evaluate the inhibition and enhancement effects on sweet taste receptors by zinc ions and chamomile tea, respectively. In addition, our device demonstrated long-term storability and reusability. In this respect, our sweet taste bioelectronic tongue could be a promising tool for various basic research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jeong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Cha
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sae Ryun Ahn
- Industry Collaboration Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Junghyun Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoonji Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Wittig M, Biller J, Nitsopoulos A, Friedle A. De novo formation of phthalimide from ubiquitous phthalic acid derivatives during the drying process of tea (Camellia sinensis) and selected herbal infusions. Food Chem 2021; 374:131544. [PMID: 34915368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that under some circumstances phthalimide, a known degradation product of the fungicide folpet, can be formed as an artifact during gas chromatographic analysis. This fact explains one phthalimide source, but does not explain a great number of positive findings in the group of dried plant commodities obtained with an artifact-free analysis. Therefore, in the framework of this study, herbal and tea plants were grown in a glasshouse under the best possible protection against external environmental influences and ensuring the exclusion of the use of folpet. It was demonstrated that relevant amounts of phthalimide are formed during the drying process as part of the routine production of tea and herbals and in the absence of folpet. In this context, the presence of the widespread environmental chemical phthalic anhydride and its impact was investigated. We conclude that phthalimide is no reliable indicator for the active use of folpet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wittig
- Tea & Herbal Infusions Europe (THIE), Sonninstraße 28, 20097 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Biller
- Tea & Herbal Infusions Europe (THIE), Sonninstraße 28, 20097 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Albrecht Friedle
- Labor Friedle GmbH, Von-Heyden-Straße 11, 93105 Tegernheim, Germany.
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Kahsay BN, Ziegler J, Imming P, Gebre-Mariam T, Neubert RHH, Moeller L. Free amino acid contents of selected Ethiopian plant and fungi species: a search for alternative natural free amino acid sources for cosmeceutical applications. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1105-1122. [PMID: 34106335 PMCID: PMC8241648 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs), the major constituents of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), are very important for maintaining the moisture balance of human skin and their deficiency results in dry skin conditions. There is a great interest in the identification and use of nature-based sources of these molecules for such cosmeceutical applications. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the FAA contents of selected Ethiopian plant and fungi species; and select the best sources so as to use them for the stated purpose. About 59 different plant species and oyster mushroom were included in the study and the concentrations of 27 FAAs were analyzed. Each sample was collected, lyophilized, extracted using aqueous solvent, derivatized with Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) prior to solid-phase extraction and quantified using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS/MS) system. All the 27 FAAs were detected in most of the samples. The dominant FAAs that are part of the NMF were found at sufficiently high concentration in the mushroom and some of the plants. This indicates that FAAs that could be included in the preparations for the management of dry skin condition can be obtained from a single natural resource and the use of these resources for the specified purpose have both economic and therapeutic advantage in addition to fulfilling customer needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Nigusse Kahsay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Imming
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tsige Gebre-Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 23, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Moeller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Department Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Xu W, Zhong C, Zou C, Wang B, Zhang N. Analytical methods for amino acid determination in organisms. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1071-1088. [PMID: 32857227 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are important metabolites for tissue metabolism, growth, maintenance, and repair, which are basic life necessities. Therefore, summarizing analytical methods for amino acid determination in organisms is important. In the past decades, analytical methods for amino acids have developed rapidly but have not been fully explored. Thus, this article provides reference to analytical methods for amino acids in organisms for food and human research. Present amino acid analysis methods include thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and amino acid analyzer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Xu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-lun Rd, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui, 230013, China
| | - Congcong Zhong
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-lun Rd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunpu Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-lun Rd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Feduraev P, Skrypnik L, Riabova A, Pungin A, Tokupova E, Maslennikov P, Chupakhina G. Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Exogenous Precursors of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Secondary Metabolism through PAL-Associated Pathways. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040476. [PMID: 32283640 PMCID: PMC7238280 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reacting to environmental exposure, most higher plants activate secondary metabolic pathways, such as the metabolism of phenylpropanoids. This pathway results in the formation of lignin, one of the most important polymers of the plant cell, as well as a wide range of phenolic secondary metabolites. Aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, largely stimulate this process, determining two ways of lignification in plant tissues, varying in their efficiency. The current study analyzed the effect of phenylalanine and tyrosine, involved in plant metabolism through the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway, on the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds, as well as lignin by means of the expression of a number of genes responsible for its biosynthesis, based on the example of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
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Cortés-Herrera C, Artavia G, Leiva A, Granados-Chinchilla F. Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food. Foods 2018; 8:E1. [PMID: 30577557 PMCID: PMC6352167 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Astrid Leiva
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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