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Designing and conducting initial application of a performance assessment model for in-hospital trauma care. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:273. [PMID: 35232439 PMCID: PMC8887084 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is a major cause of death worldwide, especially in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). The increase in health care costs and the differences in the quality of provided services indicates the need for trauma care evaluation. This study was done to develop and use a performance assessment model for in-hospital trauma care focusing on traffic injures. METHODS This multi-method study was conducted in three main phases of determining indicators, model development, and model application. Trauma care performance indicators were extracted through literature review and confirmed using a two-round Delphi survey and experts' perspectives. Two focus group discussions and 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted to design the prototype. In the next step, components and the final form of the model were confirmed following pre-determined factors, including importance and necessity, simplicity, clarity, and relevance. Finally, the model was tested by applying it in a trauma center. RESULTS A total of 50 trauma care indicators were approved after reviewing the literature and obtaining the experts' views. The final model consisted of six components of assessment level, teams, methods, scheduling, frequency, and data source. The model application revealed problems of a selected trauma center in terms of information recording, patient deposition, some clinical services, waiting time for deposit, recording medical errors and complications, patient follow-up, and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION Performance assessment with an appropriate model can identify deficiencies and failures of services provided in trauma centers. Understanding the current situation is one of the main requirements for designing any quality improvement programs.
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Mousazadeh Y, Janati A, Pouraghaei M, Sadeghi Bazargani H. Identifying indicators and evaluation steps with suggestions for improving trauma care in Iran: experts' perspective. J Inj Violence Res 2021; 13. [PMID: 33893732 PMCID: PMC8435083 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.vo113i2.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is one of the major causes of mortality across the world. Trauma patients have critical status and need timely, adequate, and organized care. The different consequences of trauma care among service centers around the world and even within a country revealed the need for careful evaluation. This study was designed and executed to collect experts' opinions on the evaluation steps, related indicators, and improvement strategies in trauma care. METHODS This qualitative study was based on a conventional content analysis approach. 2 focus group discussions (FGD) with 6 participants per FGD and 16 face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the required information (from September 2018 to early 2019). Participants were selected through the purposive sampling method. The experts' viewpoints were classified by the main and sub themes. RESULTS Four basic themes extracted from the interviews and focus group discussions including, trauma care importance (sub-themes: the involved individuals' being young and productive and the effectiveness of trauma care); trauma care indicators (sub-themes: pre-hospital indicators, in-hospital indicators, and post-hospital indicators); stages of trauma care evaluation (sub-themes: evaluation prerequisites, finalization of indicators before the evaluation, determining evaluation time scope, determining evaluation dimensions, external and internal evaluation and use of evaluation results); trauma care improvement (sub-themes: balancing workload in trauma centers, enhancement of information system, considering extra-organizational dimensions in trauma care and empowerment of trauma care providers). CONCLUSIONS According to experts' viewpoints, trauma is a very important issue, because it involves young people. They believed that having indicators covering all aspects of care assist health managers and policymakers to understand under-standard performance. These indicators should be used in the form of a specific evaluation program and related to Iran context. Besides, reforming macro policies, planning, development of infrastructures, and education was some recommendations of experts to improve trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Mousazadeh
- a Department of Health Policy and Management, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Janati
- b Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahboub Pouraghaei
- c Emergency Medicine Research Team, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani
- d Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Corresponding Author at:
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani: Head of Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Tel.: 041-33800568; (Sadeghi-Bazargani, H.). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-8709
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Porgo TV, Moore L, Assy C, Neveu X, Gonthier C, Berthelot S, Gabbe BJ, Cameron PA, Bernard F, Turgeon AF. Development and Validation of a Hospital Indicator of Activity-Based Costs for Injury Admissions. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 24:530-538. [PMID: 33840431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a hospital indicator of resource use for injury admissions. METHODS We focused on resource use for acute injury care and therefore adopted a hospital perspective. We included patients ≥16 years old with an Injury Severity Score >9 admitted to any of the 57 trauma centers of an inclusive Canadian trauma system from 2014 to 2018. We extracted data from the trauma registry and hospital financial reports and estimated resource use with activity-based costing. We developed risk-adjustment models by trauma center designation level (I/II and III/IV) for the whole sample, traumatic brain injuries, thoraco-abdominal injuries, orthopedic injuries, and patients ≥65 years old. Candidate variables were selected using bootstrap resampling. We performed benchmarking by comparing the adjusted mean cost in each center, obtained using shrinkage estimates, to the provincial mean. RESULTS We included 38 713 patients. The models explained between 12% and 36% (optimism-corrected r2) of the variation in resource use. In the whole sample and in all subgroups, we identified centers with higher- or lower-than-expected resource use across level I/II and III/IV centers. CONCLUSIONS We propose an algorithm to produce the indicator using data routinely collected in trauma registries to prompt targeted exploration of potential areas for improvement in resource use for injury admissions. The r2 of our models suggest that between 64% and 88% of the variation in resource use for injury care is dictated by factors other than patient baseline risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teegwendé V Porgo
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé (Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit), Traumatologie - Urgence - Soins intensifs (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé (Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit), Traumatologie - Urgence - Soins intensifs (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Coralie Assy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé (Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit), Traumatologie - Urgence - Soins intensifs (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Neveu
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé (Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit), Traumatologie - Urgence - Soins intensifs (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Gonthier
- Unité d'évaluation en traumatologie et en soins critiques, Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS), Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Berthelot
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé (Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit), Traumatologie - Urgence - Soins intensifs (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter A Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francis Bernard
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé (Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit), Traumatologie - Urgence - Soins intensifs (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Batomen B, Moore L, Strumpf E, Champion H, Nandi A. Impact of trauma centre accreditation on mortality and complications in a Canadian trauma system: an interrupted time series analysis. BMJ Qual Saf 2020; 30:853-866. [PMID: 33127834 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-011271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodic external accreditation visits aiming to determine whether trauma centres are fulfilling the criteria for optimal care are part of most trauma systems. However, despite the growing trend towards accreditation of trauma centres, its impact on patient outcomes remains unclear. In addition, a recent systematic review found inconsistent results on the association between accreditation and patient outcomes, mostly due to the lack of robust controls. We aim to address these gaps by assessing the impact of trauma centre accreditation on patient outcomes, specifically in-hospital mortality and complications, using an interrupted time series (ITS) design. METHODS We included all major trauma admissions to five level I and four level II trauma centres in Quebec, Canada between 2008 and 2017. In order to perform ITS, we first obtained monthly and quarterly estimates of the proportions of in-hospital mortality and complications, respectively, for level I and level II centres. Prognostic scores were used to standardise these proportions to account for changes in patient case mix and segmented regressions with autocorrelated errors were used to estimate changes in levels and trends in both outcomes following accreditation. RESULTS There were 51 035 admissions, including 20 165 for major trauma during the study period. After accounting for changes in patient case mix and secular trend in studied outcomes, we globally did not observe an association between accreditation and patient outcomes. However, associations were heterogeneous across centres. For example, in a level II centre with worsening preaccreditation outcomes, accreditation led to -9.08 (95% CI -13.29 to -4.87) and -9.60 (95% CI -15.77 to -3.43) percentage point reductions in mortality and complications, respectively. CONCLUSION Accreditation seemed to be beneficial for centres that were experiencing a decrease in performance preceding accreditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Batomen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erin Strumpf
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Economics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Howard Champion
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute for Health and Social Policy, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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SHAPING QUALITY THROUGH VISION, STRUCTURE, AND MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY INDICATORS: IMPACT STORY FROM THE QUEBEC TRAUMA NETWORK. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2017; 33:415-419. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266462317000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The Quebec Trauma Care Continuum (TCC) was initiated in 1991 with the objective of providing accessible, continuous, efficient, and high quality services for all injury cases in the province.Methods: The TCC design relied on three key components: (i) the designation of a network of acute care and rehabilitation facilities with specific mandates and responsibilities; (ii) the elaboration of transfer protocols, standing agreements, and governing structures to ensure fluid and optimal patient flow; and (iii) the close monitoring of several indicators to facilitate the continuous evaluation and improvement of the network.Results: Between 1992 and 2002, in-hospital mortality following major trauma decreased from 51.8 percent to 8.6 percent, followed by an additional 24 percent drop between 1999 and 2012. We also observed a 16 percent decrease in average LOS but no change in the incidence of complications or unplanned readmissions. These changes translate into 186 lives saved per year and cost savings, due to shorter LOS, of 6.3 million CD$ per year. The risk-adjusted incidence of in-hospital mortality following major injury between 2006 and 2012 (7 percent) was the lowest of all Canadian provinces.Conclusions: Strategic transformation of a network's structure and processes, supported by continuous monitoring of validated quality indicators, can lead to significant and sustainable improvements in clinical outcomes. It is hoped that the Quebec trauma story will inspire other jurisdictions and other healthcare sectors.
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Vali Y, Rashidian A, Jalili M, Omidvari A, Jeddian A. Effectiveness of regionalization of trauma care services: a systematic review. Public Health 2017; 146:92-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Consensus recommendations for essential vascular care in low- and middle-income countries. J Vasc Surg 2016; 64:1770-1779.e1. [PMID: 27432199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are ill equipped to care for the large and growing burden of vascular conditions. We aimed to develop essential vascular care recommendations that would be feasible for implementation at nearly every setting worldwide, regardless of national income. METHODS The normative Delphi method was used to achieve consensus on essential vascular care resources among 27 experts in multiple areas of vascular care and public health as well as with experience in LMIC health care. Five anonymous, iterative rounds of survey with controlled feedback and a statistical response were used to reach consensus on essential vascular care resources. RESULTS The matrices provide recommendations for 92 vascular care resources at each of the four levels of care in most LMICs, comprising primary health centers and first-level, referral, and tertiary hospitals. The recommendations include essential and desirable resources and encompass the following categories: screening, counseling, and evaluation; diagnostics; medical care; surgical care; equipment and supplies; and medications. CONCLUSIONS The resources recommended have the potential to improve the ability of LMIC health care systems to respond to the large and growing burden of vascular conditions. Many of these resources can be provided with thoughtful planning and organization, without significant increases in cost. However, the resources must be incorporated into a framework that includes surveillance of vascular conditions, monitoring and evaluation of vascular capacity and care, a well functioning prehospital and interhospital transport system, and vascular training for existing and future health care providers.
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Hörster AC, Kulla M, Brammen D, Lefering R. [Potential for the survey of quality indicators based on a national emergency department registry : A systematic literature search]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2016; 113:409-417. [PMID: 27357841 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-016-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency department processes are often key for successful treatment. Therefore, collection of quality indicators is demanded. A basis for the collection is systematic, electronic documentation. The development of paper-based documentation into an electronic and interoperable national emergency registry is-besides the establishment of quality management for emergency departments-a target of the AKTIN project. The objective of this research is identification of internationally applied quality indicators. METHODS For the investigation of the current status of quality management in emergency departments based on quality indicators, a systematic literature search of the database PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the internet was performed. RESULTS Of the 170 internationally applied quality indicators, 25 with at least two references are identified. A total of 10 quality indicators are ascertainable by the data set. An enlargement of the data set will enable the collection of seven further quality indicators. The implementation of data of care behind the emergency processes will provide eight additional quality indicators. CONCLUSION This work was able to show that the potential of a national emergency registry for the establishment of quality indicators corresponds with the international systems taken into consideration and could provide a comparable collection of quality indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hörster
- Institut für Forschung in der Operativen Medizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - M Kulla
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin - Sektion Notfallmedizin, RTH-Station "Christoph 22", Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - D Brammen
- Universitätsklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö. R., Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - R Lefering
- Institut für Forschung in der Operativen Medizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Köln, Deutschland
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Donabedian's structure-process-outcome quality of care model: Validation in an integrated trauma system. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78:1168-75. [PMID: 26151519 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to Donabedian's health care quality model, improvements in the structure of care should lead to improvements in clinical processes that should in turn improve patient outcome. This model has been widely adopted by the trauma community but has not yet been validated in a trauma system. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of an integrated trauma system in terms of structure, process, and outcome and evaluate the correlation between quality domains. METHODS Quality of care was evaluated for patients treated in a Canadian provincial trauma system (2005-2010; 57 centers, n = 63,971) using quality indicators (QIs) developed and validated previously. Structural performance was measured by transposing on-site accreditation visit reports onto an evaluation grid according to American College of Surgeons criteria. The composite process QI was calculated as the average sum of proportions of conformity to 15 process QIs derived from literature review and expert opinion. Outcome performance was measured using risk-adjusted rates of mortality, complications, and readmission as well as hospital length of stay (LOS). Correlation was assessed with Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations were observed between structure and process QIs (r = 0.33), and process and outcome QIs (r = -0.33 for readmission, r = -0.27 for LOS). Significant positive correlations were also observed between outcome QIs (r = 0.37 for mortality-readmission; r = 0.39 for mortality-LOS and readmission-LOS; r = 0.45 for mortality-complications; r = 0.34 for readmission-complications; 0.63 for complications-LOS). CONCLUSION Significant correlations between quality domains observed in this study suggest that Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model is a valid model for evaluating trauma care. Trauma centers that perform well in terms of structure also tend to perform well in terms of clinical processes, which in turn has a favorable influence on patient outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level III.
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Derivation and validation of a quality indicator of acute care length of stay to evaluate trauma care. Ann Surg 2015; 260:1121-7. [PMID: 24743606 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To derive and internally validate a quality indicator (QI) for acute care length of stay (LOS) after admission for injury. BACKGROUND Unnecessary hospital days represent an estimated 20% of total LOS implying an important waste of resources as well as increased patient exposure to hospital-acquired infections and functional decline. METHODS This study is based on a multicenter, retrospective cohort from a Canadian provincial trauma system (2005-2010; 57 trauma centers; n = 57,524). Data were abstracted from the provincial trauma registry and the hospital discharge database. Candidate risk factors were identified by expert consensus and selected for model derivation using bootstrap resampling. The validity of the QI was evaluated in terms of interhospital discrimination, construct validity, and forecasting. RESULTS The risk adjustment model explains 37% of the variation in LOS. The QI discriminates well across trauma centers (coefficient of variation = 0.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.011-0.028) and is correlated with the QI on processes of care (r = -0.32), complications (r = 0.66), unplanned readmissions (r = 0.38), and mortality (r = 0.35). Performance in 2005 to 2007 was predictive of performance in 2008 to 2010 (r = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS We have developed a QI on the basis of risk-adjusted LOS to evaluate trauma care that can be implemented with routinely collected data. The QI is based on a robust risk adjustment model with good internal and temporal validity, and demonstrates good properties in terms of discrimination, construct validity, and forecasting. This QI can be used to target interventions to reduce LOS, which will lead to more efficient resource use and may improve patient outcomes after injury.
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Derivation and validation of a quality indicator for 30-day unplanned hospital readmission to evaluate trauma care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76:1310-6. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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A comparison of methods to obtain a composite performance indicator for evaluating clinical processes in trauma care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 74:1344-50. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31828c32f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A comparison of methods to obtain a composite performance indicator for evaluating clinical processes in trauma care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01586154-201305000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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