Ardekani A, Roshanshad A, Hosseini SA, Magnaval JF, Abdollahi A, Rostami A. Toxocariasis-associated urinary system diseases: a systematic review of reported cases.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021;
116:668-672. [PMID:
34791477 DOI:
10.1093/trstmh/trab177]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Toxocariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Toxocara species can involve many organs, such as the brain, heart and lungs, however, the urinary system involvement of toxocariasis is largely unknown.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review to identify cases infected with urinary tract toxocariasis.
RESULTS
We identified seven cases that were eligible to be reviewed. Among the included citations, four studies reported bladder involvement and three reported kidney involvement. Fever, urinary, and abdominal presentations were amongst the most important clinical symptoms. Eosinophilic cystitis and nephrotic syndrome were the most common diagnoses.. The treatment regimen included a combination of anthelmintic drugs and steroids.
CONCLUSIONS
In cases of urinary tract presentations accompanied by eosinophilia or histopathologic findings suggestive of parasitic infection, toxocariasis should be included in the list of differential diagnoses, especially in endemic areas.
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