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Dendritic Cytoskeletal Architecture Is Modulated by Combinatorial Transcriptional Regulation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 207:1401-1421. [PMID: 29025914 PMCID: PMC5714456 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) have emerged as essential cell autonomous mediators of subtype specific dendritogenesis; however, the downstream effectors of these TFs remain largely unknown, as are the cellular events that TFs control to direct morphological change. As dendritic morphology is largely dictated by the organization of the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons, elucidating TF-mediated cytoskeletal regulatory programs is key to understanding molecular control of diverse dendritic morphologies. Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated that the conserved TFs Cut and Knot exert combinatorial control over aspects of dendritic cytoskeleton development, promoting actin and MT-based arbor morphology, respectively. To investigate transcriptional targets of Cut and/or Knot regulation, we conducted systematic neurogenomic studies, coupled with in vivo genetic screens utilizing multi-fluor cytoskeletal and membrane marker reporters. These analyses identified a host of putative Cut and/or Knot effector molecules, and a subset of these putative TF targets converge on modulating dendritic cytoskeletal architecture, which are grouped into three major phenotypic categories, based upon neuromorphometric analyses: complexity enhancer, complexity shifter, and complexity suppressor. Complexity enhancer genes normally function to promote higher order dendritic growth and branching with variable effects on MT stabilization and F-actin organization, whereas complexity shifter and complexity suppressor genes normally function in regulating proximal-distal branching distribution or in restricting higher order branching complexity, respectively, with spatially restricted impacts on the dendritic cytoskeleton. Collectively, we implicate novel genes and cellular programs by which TFs distinctly and combinatorially govern dendritogenesis via cytoskeletal modulation.
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Chen K, Koe CT, Xing ZB, Tian X, Rossi F, Wang C, Tang Q, Zong W, Hong WJ, Taneja R, Yu F, Gonzalez C, Wu C, Endow S, Wang H. Arl2- and Msps-dependent microtubule growth governs asymmetric division. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:661-76. [PMID: 26953351 PMCID: PMC4792071 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Arl2 governs neuroblast asymmetric cell division through regulation of microtubule growth and localization of Msps to centrosomes. Asymmetric division of neural stem cells is a fundamental strategy to balance their self-renewal and differentiation. It is long thought that microtubules are not essential for cell polarity in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila melanogaster neuroblasts (NBs; neural stem cells). Here, we show that Drosophila ADP ribosylation factor like-2 (Arl2) and Msps, a known microtubule-binding protein, control cell polarity and spindle orientation of NBs. Upon arl2 RNA intereference, Arl2-GDP expression, or arl2 deletions, microtubule abnormalities and asymmetric division defects were observed. Conversely, overactivation of Arl2 leads to microtubule overgrowth and depletion of NBs. Arl2 regulates microtubule growth and asymmetric division through localizing Msps to the centrosomes in NBs. Moreover, Arl2 regulates dynein function and in turn centrosomal localization of D-TACC and Msps. Arl2 physically associates with tubulin cofactors C, D, and E. Arl2 functions together with tubulin-binding cofactor D to control microtubule growth, Msps localization, and NB self-renewal. Therefore, Arl2- and Msps-dependent microtubule growth is a new paradigm regulating asymmetric division of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chen
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Chwee Tat Koe
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Zhanyuan Benny Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Fabrizio Rossi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cheng Wang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Quan Tang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Wenhui Zong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Wan Jin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
| | - Reshma Taneja
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Cayetano Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Sharyn Endow
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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