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Shen X, Sun T, Li Z, Wu Y. Generation of locomotor‑like activity using monopolar intraspinal electrical microstimulation in rats. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:560. [PMID: 37941590 PMCID: PMC10628655 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the ability of functional standing and walking. As the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) in the lumbosacral spinal cord can generate a regulatory signal for movement, it is feasible to activate CPG neural network using intra-spinal micro-stimulation (ISMS) to induce alternating patterns. The present study identified two special sites with the ability to activate the CPG neural network that are symmetrical about the posterior median sulcus in the lumbosacral spinal cord by ISMS in adult rats. A reversal of flexion and extension can occur in an attempt to generate a stepping movement of the bilateral hindlimb by either reversing the pulse polarity of the stimulus or changing the special site. Therefore, locomotor-like activity can be restored with monopolar intraspinal electrical stimulation on either special site. To verify the motor function regeneration of the paralyzed hindlimbs, a four-week locomotor training with ISMS applied to the special site in the SCI + ISMS group (n=12) was performed. Evaluations of motor function recovery using behavior, kinematics and physiological analyses, were used to assess hindlimb function and the results showed the stimulation at one special site can promote significant functional recovery of the bilateral hindlimbs (P<0.05). The present study suggested that motor function of paralyzed bilateral hindlimbs can be restored with monopolar ISMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Tinghui Sun
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
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Li J, Wu C, Zeng M, Zhang Y, Wei D, Sun J, Fan H. Functional material-mediated wireless physical stimulation for neuro-modulation and regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9056-9083. [PMID: 37649427 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injuries and neurological diseases remain intractable clinical challenges. Despite the advantages of stem cell therapy in treating neurological disorders, uncontrollable cell fates and loss of cell function in vivo are still challenging. Recently, increasing attention has been given to the roles of external physical signals, such as electricity and ultrasound, in regulating stem cell fate as well as activating or inhibiting neuronal activity, which provides new insights for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, direct physical stimulations in vivo are short in accuracy and safety. Functional materials that can absorb energy from a specific physical field exerted in a wireless way and then release another localized physical signal hold great advantages in mediating noninvasive or minimally invasive accurate indirect physical stimulations to promote the therapeutic effect on neurological disorders. In this review, the mechanism by which various physical signals regulate stem cell fate and neuronal activity is summarized. Based on these concepts, the approaches of using functional materials to mediate indirect wireless physical stimulation for neuro-modulation and regeneration are systematically reviewed. We expect that this review will contribute to developing wireless platforms for neural stimulation as an assistance for the treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingze Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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Tao C, Shen X, Ma L, Li Z, Shen J. Three-dimensional Map of Lumbar Spinal Cord Motor Function for Intraspinal Microstimulation in Rats. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3525-3528. [PMID: 33018764 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intraspinal microstimulation is an effective method to rebuild motor function after spinal cord injury. However, in the implementation, available map of stimulation sites is lacking for reference. The location of electrode implantation can only be determined through multiple stimulation, causing secondary damage to the spinal cord. Therefore, in this paper, SD rats were chosen as the research subject, and the intraspinal microstimulation was used to perform three-dimensional scanning electrical stimulation on the lumbar spinal cord that controls the hindlimb motion. The site coordinates and corresponding threshold current that can induce motion of hip, knee and ankle joints were recorded. In order to reduce the individual variances and improve the universality and applicability of the map, the results of 6 groups were normalized, and three-dimensional map of spinal motor function were drawn in the same coordinate system. The overlap of the distribution area of the same motion in each group was defined as the core region. The threshold current of all sites were analyzed statistically to obtain the most appropriate range of current intensity required to induce hindlimb motion. Using appropriate current for intraspinal microstimulation in the core region can selectively induce desired hindlimb motion, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of electrode implantation.
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Tao C, Shen X, Ma L, Shen J, Li Z, Wang Z, Lu X. Comparative Study of Intraspinal Microstimulation and Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:3795-3798. [PMID: 31946700 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intraspinal microstimulation and epidural spinal cord stimulation can be considered as the technique to restore function following spinal cord injury through further research. In this paper, the automatic brain stereotaxic instrument was used to electrically stimulate the lumbosacral spinal cord (T12-L2 spinal segments) in rats. The motor function regions under intraspinal microstimulation and epidural spinal cord stimulation were measured. Threshold currents and coordinate sites of related motions were recorded. Comparative analysis revealed that the threshold current required for epidural stimulation to induce hindlimb motion was greater. Although the distribution of motor function regions measured by these two methods differed in the type of motion, the segment distribution of each motion were roughly the same. Therefore, if conditions permit, epidural stimulation can be used instead of intraspinal microstimulation to reduce secondary damage to the spinal cord. This provides a reference for locating stimulation sites for epidural spinal cord stimulation.
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Toossi A, Everaert DG, Perlmutter SI, Mushahwar VK. Functional organization of motor networks in the lumbosacral spinal cord of non-human primates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13539. [PMID: 31537819 PMCID: PMC6753145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable spinal-cord-neuroprostheses aiming to restore standing and walking after paralysis have been extensively studied in animal models (mainly cats) and have shown promising outcomes. This study aimed to take a critical step along the clinical translation path of these neuroprostheses, and investigated the organization of the neural networks targeted by these implants in a non-human primate. This was accomplished by advancing a microelectrode into various locations of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord, targeting the ventral horn of the gray matter. Microstimulation in these locations produced a variety of functional movements in the hindlimb. The resulting functional map of the spinal cord in monkeys was found to have a similar overall organization along the length of the spinal cord to that in cats. This suggests that the human spinal cord may also be organized similarly. The obtained spinal cord maps in monkeys provide important knowledge that will guide the very first testing of these implants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Toossi
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dirk G Everaert
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve I Perlmutter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Centre, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vivian K Mushahwar
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Wang ZG, Wang HP, Bi ZY, Zhou Y, Zhou YX, Lv XY. Real-time and wearable functional electrical stimulation system for volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method. Neural Regen Res 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.199216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang HP, Bi ZY, Zhou Y, Zhou YX, Wang ZG, Lv XY. Real-time and wearable functional electrical stimulation system for volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:133-142. [PMID: 28250759 PMCID: PMC5319219 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy. A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method. Through a series of novel design concepts, including the integration of a detecting circuit and an analog-to-digital converter, a miniaturized functional electrical stimulation circuit technique, a low-power super-regeneration chip for wireless receiving, and two wearable armbands, a prototype system has been established with reduced size, power, and overall cost. Based on wrist joint torque reproduction and classification experiments performed on six healthy subjects, the optimized surface electromyography thresholds and trained logistic regression classifier parameters were statistically chosen to establish wrist and hand motion control with high accuracy. Test results showed that wrist flexion/extension, hand grasp, and finger extension could be reproduced with high accuracy and low latency. This system can build a bridge of information transmission between healthy limbs and paralyzed limbs, effectively improve voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients, and elevate efficiency of rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Wang
- Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Bi
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gong Wang
- Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Lv
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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