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Zhong Y, Li S, Chen Y, Tang Y, Xiao X, Nie T. Combining PLGA microspheres loaded with Liver X receptor agonist GW3965 with a chitosan nerve conduit can promote the healing and regeneration of the wounded sciatic nerve. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35378. [PMID: 38356051 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Globally, peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common clinical issue. Successfully repairing severe PNIs has posed a major challenge for clinicians. GW3965 is a highly selective LXR agonist, and previous studies have demonstrated its positive protective effects in both central and peripheral nerve diseases. In this work, we examined the potential reparative effects of GW3965-loaded polylactic acid co-glycolic acid microspheres in conjunction with a chitosan nerve conduit for peripheral nerve damage. The experiment revealed that GW3965 promoted Schwann cell proliferation and neurotrophic factor release in vitro. In vivo experiments conducted on rats showed that GW3965 facilitated the restoration of motor function, promoted axon and myelin regeneration in the sciatic nerve, and enhanced the microenvironment of nerve regeneration. These results offer a novel therapeutic approach for the healing of nerve damage. Overall, this work provides valuable insights and presents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Zhong
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmao Xiao
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li Y, Huang J, Chen Y, Zhu S, Huang Z, Yang L, Li G. Nerve function restoration following targeted muscle reinnervation after varying delayed periods. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2762-2766. [PMID: 37449642 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees. However, it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect restoration of function. In this rat nerve injury study, the median and musculocutaneous nerves of the forelimb were transected. The proximal median nerve stump was sutured to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump immediately and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to reinnervate the biceps brachii. After targeted muscle reinnervation, intramuscular myoelectric signals from the biceps brachii were recorded. Signal amplitude gradually increased with time. Biceps brachii myoelectric signals and muscle fiber morphology and grooming behavior did not significantly differ among rats subjected to delayed target muscle innervation for different periods. Targeted muscle reinnervation delayed for 4 weeks can acquire the same nerve function restoration effect as that of immediate reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiangping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yibin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yibin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Pottorf TS, Rotterman TM, McCallum WM, Haley-Johnson ZA, Alvarez FJ. The Role of Microglia in Neuroinflammation of the Spinal Cord after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132083. [PMID: 35805167 PMCID: PMC9265514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries induce a pronounced immune reaction within the spinal cord, largely governed by microglia activation in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The mechanisms of activation and response of microglia are diverse depending on the location within the spinal cord, type, severity, and proximity of injury, as well as the age and species of the organism. Thanks to recent advancements in neuro-immune research techniques, such as single-cell transcriptomics, novel genetic mouse models, and live imaging, a vast amount of literature has come to light regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation and alluding to the function of microgliosis around injured motoneurons and sensory afferents. Herein, we provide a comparative analysis of the dorsal and ventral horns in relation to mechanisms of microglia activation (CSF1, DAP12, CCR2, Fractalkine signaling, Toll-like receptors, and purinergic signaling), and functionality in neuroprotection, degeneration, regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and spinal circuit reorganization following peripheral nerve injury. This review aims to shed new light on unsettled controversies regarding the diversity of spinal microglial-neuronal interactions following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana S. Pottorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
| | - Travis M. Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA;
| | - William M. McCallum
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
| | - Zoë A. Haley-Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
| | - Francisco J. Alvarez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
- Correspondence:
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