Cleidocranial dysplasia with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern

Clinical and radiological findings in a severe case of cleidocranial dysplasia

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant condition, causing hypoplasia of the clavicle, abnormal formation of teeth, skeletal and craniofacial bones. CCD is caused by the mutation of RUNX2/CBFA1 present in the short arm of chromosome 6 at position 21.1, a transcription factor essential for the formation of teeth, cartilage and bone. Patients with CCD show the classical features of excessive mobility of the shoulder bone, lack of resorption of the deciduous teeth, failure to erupt permanent teeth, multiple impacted and supernumerary teeth, and open fontanelle and sutures of the skull. In this article we report a case of CCD in a 16-year-old male patient, with an aim to highlight the clinical, radiological and recommended treatment guidelines.

A novel gene mutation of Runx2 in cleidocranial dysplasia

Haploinsufficiency of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) gene is widely known to be responsible for cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). To date, more than 190 mutations in Runx2 gene have been reported to be related to CCD. In this study, a novel mutation of Runx2 gene was observed in a female with CCD. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood of the proband and eleven members of her family. Genetic testing on these twelve people identified a novel missense mutation (c.895 T>C, Y299H) in exon 5 of the RUNX2 gene in the proband. This mutation results in an amino acid change at codon 895 (P.Tyr 299 His.) from a tryptophan codon (TAT) to a histidine codon (CAT). Our finding may further extend the known mutation spectrum of the RUNX2 gene, and facilitate prenatal genetic diagnosis of CCD in the future.

Non-syndromic multiple supernumerary premolars: Clinicoradiographic report of five cases

Hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth in both arches without any syndromic manifestation are extremely rare. Supernumerary teeth are commonly associated with Gardner's syndrome, cleft lip and palate, cleidocranial dysplasia and trichorhinopha-langeal syndrome. Five cases of non-syndromic multiple premolars of maxillary and mandibular arches in Indian patients are presented here. This case series reports three cases with multiple (9 in maximum), bilaterally impacted and erupted supernumerary teeth and two cases with supernumerary premolars in non-syndromic cases from Indian patients. Supernumerary teeth can be present in any region of the oral cavity. Although the occurrence of maxillary para-premolars is rare, radio-logical investigations play a major and decisive role in determining the management of such cases.