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Leng W, Li X, Dong L, Guo Z, Ji X, Cai T, Xu C, Zhu Z, Lin J. The Regenerative Microenvironment of the Tissue Engineering for Urethral Strictures. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:672-687. [PMID: 38305981 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Urethral stricture caused by various reasons has threatened the quality of life of patients for decades. Traditional reconstruction methods, especially for long-segment injuries, have shown poor outcomes in treating urethral strictures. Tissue engineering for urethral regeneration is an emerging concept in which special designed scaffolds and seed cells are used to promote local urethral regeneration. The scaffolds, seed cells, various factors and the host interact with each other and form the regenerative microenvironment. Among the various interactions involved, vascularization and fibrosis are the most important biological processes during urethral regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells play special roles in stricture repair and facilitate long-segment urethral regeneration, but they may also induce carcinogenesis and genomic instability during reconstruction. Nevertheless, current technologies, such as genetic engineering, molecular imaging, and exosome extraction, provide us with opportunities to manage seed cell-related regenerative risks. In this review, we described the interactions among seed cells, scaffolds, factors and the host within the regenerative microenvironment, which may help in determining the exact molecular mechanisms involved in urethral stricture regeneration and promoting clinical trials and the application of urethral tissue engineering in patients suffering from urethral stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Leng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhenke Guo
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chunru Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Yu M, Chen J, Wang L, Huang Y, Xie H, Bian Y, Chen F. Engineering pedicled vascularized bladder tissue for functional bladder defect repair. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10440. [PMID: 37693061 PMCID: PMC10487332 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An engineered bladder construct that mimics the structural and functional characteristics of native bladder is a promising therapeutic option for bladder substitution. We previously showed that pedicled vascularized smooth muscle tissue fabricated by grafting smooth muscle cell (SMC) sheets onto an axial capsule vascular bed had the potential for reliable bladder reconstruction. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of buccal mucosa graft (BMG) integration with the pedicled vascularized smooth muscle tissue to generate a full-layer pedicled vascularized bladder construct. BMG transplanted onto vascularized smooth muscle tissue showed good survival and developed into a pedicled vascularized bladder construct with full-layer structures, appropriate thickness, abundant vascularization, and effective barrier function. Then the full-thickness bladder defects were, respectively, reconstructed by pedicled capsule tissue (pedicled capsule group), nonpedicled vascularized bladder construct (nonpedicled construct group), and pedicled vascularized bladder construct (pedicled construct group). The picrosirius red (PSR) staining and immunohistochemistry results showed minimal fibrosis, maximal smooth muscle proportion, and high vascular density in the pedicled construct group. A continuous mucosal layer was observed only in the pedicled construct group. Moreover, morphological and functional studies revealed better bladder compliance and good ductility in the pedicled construct group. Overall, these results suggested that the BMG could be well integrated with vascularized smooth muscle tissue and generated a pedicled, fully vascularized, and structurally organized bladder construct, which facilitated structural remodeling and functional recovery and could become an alternative to bladder reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yu
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
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